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1、精品文檔，僅供學習與交流，如有侵權請聯(lián)系網站刪除 《新概念英語第二冊》語法精粹 十三、The Sentences 知識要點： 句子按使用的目的可分為四類： 1、陳述句 2、疑問句 3、祈使句 4、感嘆句 從結構上看句子可分為三種類型： 1、簡單句 2、并列句 3、復合句 一、句子的種類（Kinds of Sentences） 1、陳述句： （1）肯定句：We love our motherland. 我們熱愛祖國。 （2）否定句：They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他們星期日不上班。 說明：敘述或否定一個事實或看法。 2、疑問

2、句： （1）一般疑問句： Are you a worker? 你是個工人嗎？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是工人。 Haven’t you seen the film? No, I haven’t. 你沒看過這部電影嗎？沒看過。 說明：以一個助動詞，情態(tài)動詞或動詞be開始的問句?；卮鹨脃es或no。 （2）特殊疑問句： Who is the man? 這人是誰？ When do you watch TV? 你什么時間看電視？ What are they doing now? 他們現(xiàn)在正在干什么？ 說明：以一個疑問代詞或疑問副詞開頭的句子一般要用倒裝句語序（或稱為疑問詞

3、加一般疑問句） （3）選擇疑問句： Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水還是要咖啡？哪種都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他學日語還是學法語？他學法語。 說明：提出兩個或兩個以上的情況，選擇一個作為答案。 （4）反意疑問句： They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他們要去機場，是嗎？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你沒做完作業(yè)，是嗎？

4、 說明：提出情況或看法問對方是否同意。在陳述句后附加一個簡短的疑問句，即前面句子肯定，后為否定；前面句子否定，后為肯定。 He seldom went to bed at ten, did he? 他很少在十點鐘上床睡覺？是嗎？ He knows little Russian, does he? 他幾乎不懂俄語，是嗎？ 說明：當陳述句部分含有never, no, hardly, seldom, little等否定意義的副詞時，附加問句用肯定形式。 （5）祈使句： a．陳述句：Be sure to get there at eight. 八點鐘一定要到那兒。 b．否定句：Don’t

5、worry. I’ll help you out. 別擔心，我會幫助你的。 說明：表示命令，請求，叮囑，號召等，謂語動詞用原形。 （6）感嘆句： what + n.：What great changes we have had these years! 這幾年我們有了多么大的變化啊！ What a fine day it is! 多好的天呀！ how + adj.：How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀！ how + adv. ：How hard they are working! 他們工作多努力呀！ How time flies! 時間過得多么快呀！ How + ad

6、j. + a (an) + n.How nice a boy (he is)！=What a nice boy he is! 多么好的孩子啊！ 說明：表示說話時驚異，喜悅，氣忿等情緒。what修飾名詞，how修飾形容詞、副詞或句子。 二、句子的類型（Types of Sentences） 1、簡單句的句子的類型：一個主語+一個謂語，例： The girl plays the piano every day. 那女孩每天彈鋼琴。 兩個主語+一個謂語，例：Tom and I are good friends. 湯姆和我是好朋友。 一個主語+兩個謂語，例：He opened the do

7、or and left. 他打開門出去了。 兩個主語或兩個謂語或更多，例：Mr. and Mrs Smith went to the market, bought some fruit and visited their friends. 史密斯夫婦去市場，買了些水果，并看望了朋友。 結構特殊：只含有一個詞或一個詞組，例： Hello! 喂！ Help! Help! 救命啊！救命！ Many thanks. 萬分感謝。 2、簡單句的基本句型（The Basic Sentence Patterns） 句型結構： （1）主語+不及物動詞：S + Vi.，例： Birds fly.

8、 鳥飛 They disappeared. 他們消失了。 （2）主 + 連系動詞 + 表語：S + V + P，例： She is a university student. 她是一名大學生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成為一名飛行員。 （3）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語：S + Vt + O，例： He likes swimming. 他喜歡游泳。 We help each other. 我們互相幫助。 （4）主 + 及物動詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語：S + Vt + O + O，例： I told my friend the good news

9、. 我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他們給我們拍了電報。 （5）主 + 及物動詞 + 賓語 + 補語：S + Vt + O + C，例： They named the boy Jack. 他們給孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八點前準備好。 注：S = Subject（主語）Vi=Intransitive Verbs（不及物動詞）Vt=Transitive Verb（及物動詞）P=Predicative（表語）O=Object（賓語）C=Compleme

10、nt補語 重點、難點： 否定陳述句要注意下列幾點： （1）否定陳述句主要是在肯定句中加not或no (= not a /any) 構成的，除not和no外，用具有否定意義的副詞也可構成否定陳述句。常用的詞有hardly, seldom, never, little, scarcely, barely, rarely等。 （2）其他成分的否定形式 有些句子的結構上屬于肯定式，但含有否定意義的詞，可分以下幾種。 否定的主語： Nobody will agree with you. 沒人同意你的意見。 None of the students like the novel. 沒有學生

11、喜歡這本小說。 No student here studies Russian. 這里沒有一個學生學俄語。 否定的賓語： We saw nothing in the darkness. 在黑暗中我們什么都看不見。 He will borrow the book from nobody. 他從誰那都借不來這本書。 You must remember not to be late for class. 你必須記住上課不準遲到。 否定的狀語： They came here not by bike but on foot. 他不是騎車來的而是走著來的。 We could find hi

12、m nowhere. 我們什么地方也找不到他。 （3）不定代詞all, both, everyone或everybody用于否定句時，表示部分否定。 All the trees here are not apple trees. ( = Not all the trees here are apple trees. ) 這里的樹并非都是蘋果樹。（有的是蘋果樹，有的不是。） Both of the sisters are not nurses. ( = Not both of the sisters are nurses.) 這姐兒倆并不都是護士。 Everybody can’t d

13、o it. (= Not everybody can do it. ) 并不是人人都能做這件事。 【專項訓練】： 一、陳述句和疑問句： 1、They happy when they hear the news. A．will B．will be C．were D．don’t 2、—— “ Is your uncle a driver?” A．No, but my aunt is B．Yes, but my anut is C．No, he doesn’t D．Yes, he does 3、We satisfied with their work.

14、 A．don’t B．are not C．won’t D．weren’t being 4、He coffee at all. He tea. A．doesn’t like, prefers B．likes, doesn’t prefer C．would like, not prefers D．prefers, is not fond of 5、She me only twice since last year. A．sees B．was seeing C．has seen D．have seen 6、My grandma in th

15、e country. Now she in the city. A．used to live, lives B．used to living, lived C．uses to live, is living D．was used to live, lives 7、You make such mistakes again. A．should never B．should not always C．would always not D．would not forever 8、 “Can you drive a car?” “ .” A．Yes, and Jim

16、 can’t too B．Yes, but Jim can’t C．No, but Jim can, too D．No, but Jim can’t 9、 “Are you going to the super market?” “ No, .” A．I cycle there B．I walk there C．to the work D．I’ve already been there 10、In England tea with milk or sugar in it. A．usually drinks B．is usually drunk C．u

17、sually is drunk D．drank usually 11、 “Is she going to the post office?” “No, .” A．she doesn’t B．she goes by bike C．to the shops D．she’s on the bike 12、Tom like reading at all. He interested in playing basketball. A．doesn’t, is B．doesn’t, were C．is, does D．was, is 13、When home

18、from work? A．do your parents come B．does your parents come C．have your parentsD．our parents come 14、Which of the students the examination? A．not pass B．didn’t pass C．pass D．didn’t passed 15、They trouble lifting the heavy box. A．didn’t have many B．hadn’t a lot of C．didn’t have much

19、 D．haven’t a great deal of 16、—— “Did you have breakfast this morning? A．Yes, I had B．Yes, I did C．No, I hadn’t D．No, I didn’t have. 17、 colour is the cover of the dictionary? A．What B．Which C．How D．Whose 18、 “ does he brush his teeth a day?” “Twice.” A．What time B．How long C．Whe

20、n D．How many times 19、There are many pictures on the wall. do you like best? A．What B．Which one C．Which of the picture D．Which one picture 20、Since when her? A．did you know B．have you known C．do you know D．you know 21、 “That ten pound note belongs to me.” “ .” A．Yes, it i

21、s B．Yes, it belongs C．No it doesn’t D．No, it isn’t 22、 “Would you rather wait or come back later?” “ .” A．I’d rather come back B．Yes, I’d rather not wait C．No, I’d rather wait D．to come back 23、 “ shoes do you take?” “Size 42.” A．Which number B．What number C．What size D．What 24

22、、 “ is the weather like today?” “ It’s windy.” A．What B．How C．What kind D．Which 25、Would you read my composition and correct the mistakes, ? A．if have B．if any C．if ever D．if not 26、 is the distance between these two villages? A．How far B．What C．How long D．How much 27、

23、do you go to the cinema? Twice a month. A．How many time B．How much C．How long D．How often 28、How it in English? A．you say B．do you speak C．do you say D．to speak 29、 is the population of the city? A．How much B．How many C．How D．What 30、 did she get this information? A．Whom

24、B．Who C．Where D．What 31、 does your watch cost? Two hundred yuan. A．How many B．What price C．What D．How expensive 32、About do you want to know more? A．Whom B．who C．which D．what 33、——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. ——What do you suppose to her. A．was happening B．to h

25、appen C．has happened D．having happened 34、——Have you heard the news about Jim? ——No. What ? A．is it B．it is C．are they D．they are 35、——Would you rather go there by train or by air? A．Yes, I would B．No, I wouldn’t C．Yes, by air D．By air 36、 I go or you go yourself? A．Wi

26、ll…will B．Shall…shall C．Shall…will D．Will…shall 37、——Do you think the question easy or not? A．Yes, I do B．No, I don’t C．It is easy D．Yes, it’s easy 38、Shall we stay at home or to the park? A．to go B．going C．go D．will go 39、 writer is better known in China, Charles Dickens or Ma

27、rk Twain? A．Whichever B．Whether C．What D．Which 40、—— was the Nanjing-Changjiang Bridge open to traffic? ——It was open to traffic in 1968. A．What B．What time C．How long D．When 二、感嘆句、祈使句 41、 from Beijing to London! A．How long way it is B．What a long way it is C．What a long way

28、is it D．How long a way is it 42、Oh, John, you gave us! A．How a pleasant surprise B．How pleasant surprise C．What a pleasant surprise D．What pleasant surprise 43、 terrible weather we’ve been having these days! A．How a B．What a C．How D．What 44、 girl she is! A．What bright a B

29、．How a bright C．How bright a D．What a bright 45、 we have today? A．How fine day B．What fine day C．How a fine day D．What a fine day 46、How flowers are! A．beautiful B．beautifully C．beautiful the D．beautiful that 47、How ! A．does time fly B．times fly C．time flies D．flies time

30、 48、What work he does! A．harder B．hard C．hardly D．hardest 49、 careful our monitor is! A．How a B．How C．What a D．What 50、 advice he gave us! A．What a B．How good C．What good D．How 51、 picture it is! A．What wonderful B．How a wonderful C．What wonderful a D．How wonderful a

31、52、 I wish to pay a visit to Hongkong! A．How do B．What do C．What D．How 53、 hardworking students they are! A．What B．What a C．What an D．How 54、 long time it lasted! A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 55、 down the radio. The baby’s sleeping in the next room. A．Turning B．To turn

32、 C．Turn D．Turned 56、Let’s football in the street. A．not to play B．not play C．don’t play D．not playing 57、 careful when you cross the street. A．Don’t be B．Do be C．Being D．Do 58、 the child all day long! A．Let, not to cry B．Not let, cry C．Don’t let, to cry D．Don’t let, cry

33、59、 afraid of make mistakes! A．Don’t be B．Not to be C．Not being D．Be not 60、 me again before coming. A．Calling B．To call C．Do calling D．Call 三、反意疑問句 61、You’d like some coffee, ? A．weren’t you B．wouldn’t you C．hadn’t you D．shouldn’t you 62、I don’t think he will come to the meetin

34、g, ? A．will he B．won’t he C．do I D．am I 63、Harry and his brother promised to work harder, . A．do they B．don’t they C．did they D．didn’t they 64、His father knows little about it, he? A．does B．doesn’t C．is he D．isn’t 65、We all like reading story books, ? A．do we B．do yo

35、u C．don’t we D．don’t you 66、My sister seldom goes to the theatre she? A．doesn’t B．does C．is D．isn’t 67、Your father promised to buy a computer for you, he? A．often, did B．never, didn’t C．already, did D．never, did 68、Be sure to write to us, ? A．will you B．aren’t you C．would

36、 you D．can you 69、Don’t smoke in the meeting room, you? A．do you B．will you C．would D．can 70、It’s fine today. Let’s go fishing, ? A．will we B．shall we C．do we D．don’t we 71、Mary has few friend in Japan, she? A．has B．don’t C．doesn’t D．hasn’t 72、There is a beautiful lake i

37、n this city, ? A．isn’t it B．isn’t there C．is it D．hasn’t it 73、There is nothing wrong with my bike, ? A．is it B．isn’t there C．isn’t it D．is there 74、He comes late sometimes, ? A．isn’t he B．comes he C．doesn’t he D．is he 75、——You are not a new comer, are you? —— . I came

38、here only yesterday. A．No, I am B．Yes, I am C．No, I’m not D．Yes, I’m not. 76、She could hardly believe it, ? A．couldn’t she B．could she C．didn’t she D．did she 77、You needn’t go, ? A．can you B．must you C．need you D．may you 78、You must work hard from now on, ? A．can you B．won

39、’t you C．mustn’t you D．needn’t you 79、After walking so long a way, you must have been tired, you? A．were B．have C．haven’t D．mustn’t 80、He must have left home yesterday, he? A．hasn’t B．didn’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 81、You don’t think I’m going out in such wet weather, ? A．am I

40、B．do you C．don’t you D．do I 82、You’d better call in a doctor for your mother, you? A．had B．would C．hadn’t D．wouldn’t 83、You need to come earlier, you? A．don’t you B．needn’t C．don’t D．won’t 84、You dare not go alone, you? A．don’t B．do C．dare D．daren’t 85、He shouldn’t dr

41、ink so much, he? A．should B．ought C．would D．will 86、Nothing can stop us doing that, ? A．can we B．can’t we C．can’t it D．can it 87、I’m late for the meeting, ? A．amn’t I B．aren’t I C．don’t I D．aren’t you 88、Nobody but I knows Japanese in my class, ? A．does he B．doesn’t

42、he C．do they D．don’t they 89、None of the workers attended the party, ? A．did they B．did he C．didn’t he D．didn’t they 90、Everything is right here, ? A．isn’t it B．aren’t they C．are they D．is it 91、A lovely day, ? A．is it B．does it C．isn’t it D．doesn’t it 92、He isn’t a dili

43、gent boy, for it is the second time he has been late, ? A．isn’t it B．is he C．has he D．is it 93、My sister often needs help with her study, ? A．need she B．needn’t she C．doesn’t she D．does she 94、You should have watered the flower earlier, ? A．shouldn’t you B．didn’t you C．don’t yo

44、u D．haven’t you 95、Learning a foreign language well is not easy, ? A．is it B．isn’t it C．does it D．doesn’t it 96、What a pretty girl, ? A．isn’t it B．is it C．is she D．isn’t she 97、Wang Ping can’t be in the bedroom, ? A．can she B．is she C．can’t he D．isn’t he 98、I wish to vi

45、sit the Palace Museum next week, ? A．do I B．Shall I C．may I D．can I 99、Let us do it for you, ? A．will you B．won’t you C．shall we D．shan’t we 100、They have to face the difficulty, they? A．do B．don’t C．haven’t D．won’t 【答案】： 1、B 2、A 3、B 4、A 5、C 6、A 7、A 8、B 9、D 1

46、0、B 11、C 12、A 13、A 14、B 15、C 16、B 17、A 18、D 19、B 20、B 21、C 22、A 23、C 24、A 25、B 26、B 27、D 28、C 29、D 30、C 31、C 32、A 33、C 34、A 35、D 36、C 37、C 38、C 39、D 40、D 41、B 42、C 43、D 44、D 45、B 46、C 47、C 48、B 49、B 50、C 51、D 52、D 53、A 54、B 55、C 56、B 57、B 58、D 59、A 60、D 61、B 62、A 63、D 64、A 65、C 66、B 67、D 68、A 69、B 70、B 71、A 72、B 73、D 74、C 75、B 76、B 77、C 78、C 79、C 80、B 81、B 82、C 83、A 84、C 85、A 86、D 87、B 88、C 89、A 90、A 91、C 92、A 93、C 94、B 95、B 96、D 97、B 98、C 99、A 100、B 【精品文檔】第 9 頁