《英美文學(xué)選讀》學(xué)習(xí)方法與技巧(共8頁)
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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上 英美文學(xué)選讀課程是全國高等教育自學(xué)考試英語專業(yè)本科階段的必修課程。設(shè)置這門課程的目的在于使學(xué)生了解有關(guān)英美文學(xué)的基本理論知識,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對英美文學(xué)原著的批評鑒賞能力,并使學(xué)生通過文學(xué)這一載體對英美國家的文化形成初步的認(rèn)識。這門課程對廣大考生而言難度還是比較大的,首先,這門課程的覆蓋面較大,涉及近百位主流和非主流作家,時間橫跨古今,包容了整個歐美文學(xué)發(fā)展的歷程,展現(xiàn)了異彩紛呈的各種文學(xué)文化思潮和流派,除此之外,課本還盡可能全面地遴選了詩歌、戲劇、小說和散文等各種文學(xué)類型的作品。因此,考生所要面對的不僅是大容量的英文原文閱讀,還需具備一定的文學(xué)理論水平和對英美國
2、家文化背景知識的熟悉。其次,相當(dāng)多的考生對這門課程認(rèn)識不足把它當(dāng)成了一種短平快的項目希望用較短的時間把這門課考過去。然而知識涵蓋面如此之廣,閱讀信息量如此之大的一門課要想在短短幾個月內(nèi)掌握談何容易。考生在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)實際情況和他們的期望值有出入時就會從心理上產(chǎn)生挫敗感,顯得急躁不安。再者 英美文學(xué)試題中的主觀題所占比重較大,而且該考試要求考生全部用英文答題 所以,考生還需具備扎實的英文寫作基礎(chǔ),能夠清晰流暢地表達自己的觀點,不犯最基本的語法錯誤。 從上述對這一課程的分析中我們可以看出它的挑戰(zhàn)性但面對挑戰(zhàn)我們并不是束手無策的。在以下的篇幅中我將根據(jù)多年的教學(xué)和實踐經(jīng)驗通
3、過對歷次考試的典型樣題的分析幫助考生提高對這門課程的認(rèn)識并有針對性地提出相應(yīng)的學(xué)習(xí)方法和備考策略。 (一) 英美文學(xué)選讀課程的考試一般分為主客觀兩大部分??陀^題所占分值為40 分,主要是以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn),旨在考察學(xué)生對一些文學(xué)常識的掌握和對作家作品的識記。初次接觸這門課程的考生往往對其豐富而頭緒繁多的內(nèi)容感到無所適從,不知從何下手。對該記憶哪些內(nèi)容感到茫然不知所措。這里我們將從作家、作品、文學(xué)史以及基本概念等四個方面對客觀題進行分析歸類,希望考生能藉此摸清其中脈絡(luò),掌握一定的答題技巧,做到有備而來。 從歷年來的試卷分析中我們可以看出對作家的考察無非包
4、括下面四個方面。 (1)作家所屬的時代或文學(xué)流派,如: Alexander Pope strongly advocated , emphasizing that literary works should be judged by rules of order reason logic restrained emotion good taste and decorum. [A] sentimentalism [B] romanticism [C] idealism [D] neoclassicism 答案是[D]. (2)作
5、家與作品間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系,如: James Joyce is the author of all the following novels EXCEPT . [A] Dubliners [B] Jude the Obscure [C] A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man [D] Ulysses 答案是[B]. (3)作家的寫作范圍及常涉及的主題,如: The major concern of fiction lies in the tracing of the psycholog
6、ical development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. [A] Charles Dickens’s [B]D.H. Lawrence’s [C] Thomas Hardy [D] John Galsworthy’s 答案是[B]. Most of Herman Melville’s novels are based on sea
7、 voyages and sea adventures. Which of the following is NOT the case﹖ [A] Typee [B] Moby-Dick [C] Omoo [D] The Confidence-Man (4)作家較獨特的文風(fēng)與寫作特色,如: We can perhaps summarize that Walt Whitman’s poems are characterized by all the following features EXCEPT that they are . [A]
8、 conversational and casual [B] lyrical and well-structured [C] simple and rather crude [D] free-flowing 答案是[C]. is a typical feature of Swift’s writings. [A] Bitter satire [B] Elegant style [C] Casual narration [D] Complicated sentence structure 答案是[A]. 上述的分析和分類能使
9、我們遇到的每一位作家時都知道應(yīng)該從哪些方面入手,一種較好的學(xué)習(xí)方法就是給每個作家做一張卡片,并用簡潔的語言列出上述的四個方面,這樣會使我們對一個作家的認(rèn)識清晰條理,而卡片的方法又可以使我們更有效地利用零碎的時間。 而有關(guān)作品則主要從下面這些方面考察: (1)作品所要傳達的中心思想,如 The tragedy of Dr. Faustus the protagonist in Christopher Marlowe’s The Tragic History of Dr. Faustus is the very fact that . [A]
10、man is confined to time [B] he tried to join Africa and Spain [C] he became a man without soul after he sold it [D] he conjured up Helen the lady who was the very cause of the Trojan War 答案是[A]. Which of the following works concerns most concentratedly the Calvinistic view of original
11、 sin﹖ [A] The Wasteland [B] The Scarlet Letter [C] Leaves of Grass [D] As I lay Dying 答案是[B]. (2)對作品中的精華片段,點明主題的段落及詞句的識別與理解,如 The sentence “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day﹖” is the beginning line of one of Shakespeare’s . [A] comedies [B] tragedies [C] sonnets [
12、D] histories 答案是[C]. (3)對作品中主要人物的姓名與性格特征的識記,如: “Surface”“Sneerwell”“Backbite”and“Candour”are most likely the names of the characters in . [A] Shaw’s Mrs. Warren’s Profession [B] Sheridan’s The School for Scandal [C] Shakespeare’s Love’s Labour’s Lost [D] Christopher Marlowe
13、’s Dr. Faustus 答案是[B]. Here is a passage from Middlemarch a novel by George Eliot: “Her blooming fullpulsed youth stood there in a moral imprisonment which made itself one with the chill colourless narrowed landscape with the shrunken furniture the never-read books and the ghostly
14、 stag in a pale fantastic world that seemed to be vanishing from the daylight.” Who is the lady mentioned in the quoted passage﹖ [A] Dorothea [B] Emma [C] Molly [D]Irene 答案是[A]. (4)對作品選段中句詞或典故的理解和掌握,如: “And where are they﹖ And where art thou, My country﹖ On thy voic
15、eless shore The heroic lay is tuneless now--- The heroic bosom beats no more” (George Gordon Byron Don Juan) In the above stanza “art thou” literally means . [A]“are you” [B]“art though” [C]“are though” [D]“art you” 答案是[A]. In which of the following poems by Willi
16、am Butler Yeats did you find the allusion to Helen and the Trojan War﹖ [A]“Sailing to Byzantium” [B]“Leda and the Swan” [C]“The Lake Isle of Innisfree” [D]“Down by the Sally Garden” 答案是[B]. (5)一部作品鮮明的基調(diào)及文風(fēng),如: “To be so distinguished is an honor which being very little accustom
17、ed to favors from the great I know not well how to receive or in what terms to acknowledge.” The above quoted sentence is presented by Samuel Johnson with a(n) tone. [A] delightful [B] jealous [C] ironic [D] humorous 答案是[C]. In Hardy’s Wessex novels there is an apparent
18、 touch in his description of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life. [A] humorous [B] romantic [C] nostalgic [D] sarcastic 答案是[C]. 在復(fù)習(xí)文學(xué)史的時候,頭腦中不僅要清楚英美國家文學(xué)的縱向發(fā)展歷程,如英國文學(xué)的發(fā)展大致經(jīng)歷了古英語和中世紀(jì)文學(xué)階段,文藝復(fù)興時期、新古典主義時期、浪漫主義時期,維多利亞時期和現(xiàn)代文學(xué)時期。我們還需明白各個時期發(fā)生的時間、時代特征、主流文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的特點和代表作家,除此之外,考生還要
19、能夠?qū)ν晃膶W(xué)發(fā)展時期兩國文學(xué)的不同特點進行比較和分析。如浪漫主義時期,英美兩國除了顯示出一些相似之處如:對個性、自然、靈感和想象力的倡導(dǎo)和強調(diào)之外,美國社會文化的獨特性又決定了其浪漫主義也呈現(xiàn)獨特的一面,如清教主義的影響使美國的浪漫主義更偏重道德倫理主題的挖掘。而向西部殖民擴展的過程還使美國的浪漫主義多了一個文明與野蠻和自然的沖突主題。也就是說在學(xué)習(xí)英美文學(xué)的過程中我們要始終注意兩者之間橫向和縱向的比較。 作為英美文學(xué)的初學(xué)者,考生們還要了解一些文學(xué)的基本術(shù)語、概念和常識,而這些知識對于英語語言文學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)者來說是必備的。下面這些試題就意在考察同學(xué)們對這些基礎(chǔ)知識的掌握情況:如:
20、 The period before the American Civil War is commonly referred to as . [A] the Romantic Period [B] the Realistic Period [C] the Naturalist Period [D] the Modern Period 答案是[A]. The term tone in literature means . [A] sound effect such as rhyme and metrical device [B] t
21、he pitch of a word used to determine its meaning in the given context [C]the manner of expression to indicate the speaker’s attitude toward the subject [D]a shade of colour to reflect the change of light 答案是[C]. Literature of Neoclassicism is different from that of Romanticism in that
22、 . [A]the former celebrates reason rationality order and instruction while the latter sees literature as an expression of an individual’s feelings and experiences the former is heavily religious but [B]the latter secular [C]the former is an intellectual movement the purpose of which is to arou
23、se the middle class for political rights while the latter is concerned with the personal cultivation [D]the former advocates the “return to nature” whereas the latter turns to the ancient Greek and Roman writers for its models 答案是[A]. (二) 英美文學(xué)選讀課程考試中的主觀題占60 分,主要分三種題型:閱讀理解、簡答題和論述題
24、。閱讀理解多是從作品(尤其是詩歌)中選出一段,請考生判定此段的出處,與上下文的關(guān)系,作家要表達的主要意思,或個別詞句的含義及所指。一般每次會出現(xiàn)四個選段,每題4分。這里僅舉一例: The following is a passage taken from a dramatic work: Had I as many souls as there be stars I’d give them all for Mephistophilis! By him I’ll be great emperor of the world, And make a
25、 bridge through the moving air To pass the ocean with a band of men; I’ll join the hills that bind the Afric shore And make that country continent to Spain, And both contributory to my crown; The emperor shall not live but by my leave …… A Name the playwright and
26、the title of the work from which the passage is taken. B Name the speaker of the passage quoted above. C Use the above passage as a guide and write down in one or two sentences the theme of the play. 從引文中急切的口氣、言語中貪欲的流露、以及 “ Has I as many souls … I will give them all for Mephistophilis” 這一線索
27、中,我們可以推斷講話人是浮士德博士, 在答第C個問題時,只要能抓?。幔恚猓椋簦椋铮?boundless aspiration 和fatal limitation 等要點即可,無須長篇大論。 簡答題的分值約占24分,每小題6分。這一題與閱讀理解題有相重合的地方,即也會出現(xiàn)一些作品選段請考生加以分析。但更多地還會涉及一些基本概念和關(guān)于一些主要作家的基本事實和要素, 如: William Faulkner a Nobel Prize winner has an important position in American literature. Name two of
28、his major novels. Do you know anything about “Yoknapatawpha Country﹖” What is unique of Faulkner’s fiction historically and geographically﹖ 參考答案: A. The Sound and the Fury As I Lay Dying.(1 分) B. Yoknapatawpha County is an imagined place based on Faulkner’s own hometown. This sm
29、all region in the American South becomes in Faulkner’s fiction an allegory or a parable of the Old South.(2 分) C. Faulkner’s fiction is unique in his literary representation of the Old South and his theme of the deterioration loss and moral decay of the Old South when it was falling apart.(3分
30、) 最后一道大題是敘述題,占20 分,一般是由兩道題目組成。(每題10 分,字?jǐn)?shù)不少于150 字),可能會涉及一位英國作家,一位美國作家。當(dāng)然會選那些在英美文學(xué)史中占重要地位的作家。如: What makes Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn more than a child’s adventure story﹖ Briefly discuss the question from THREE of the following aspects the setting the language the c
31、haracter(s), the theme and the style. 參考答案: A. Language The book is written in the colloquial style in the general standard speech of uneducated Americans. By using skillfully the colloquialism Mark Twain casts his protagonists in their everyday life. Truthfulness is therefore achieved
32、. More important with his great mastery and effective use of vernacular Twain has made colloquial speech an accepted respectable literary medium in the literary history of the country. B. Characters The book is best known for the author’s wonderful characterization of “Huck”. He is essentiall
33、y good-hearted and innocent. He dislikes civilized ways because they are personally restrictive and hard. He is imaginative and clear and longs for freedom. His conscience is always tortured by two opposing forces between his heart and his head between his affection for Jim and the laws of the socie
34、ty against those who help slaves escape. With the eventual victory of his moral conscience over his social awareness Huck grows. Huck Finn is successfully portrayed.Through the character the author makes contrasts between innocence and experience nature and culture wilderness and civilization.
35、 C. Theme The novel is a criticism of social injustice hypocrisy conservativeness and narrow-mindedness of the American small town society. 這一類題對考生而言是個難點,這是因為:首先,大部分考生的英語基礎(chǔ)還比較薄弱,還不能自如順暢地表達自己的觀點,針對這一狀況,考生在識記和理解作品的同時,還應(yīng)多留意書中的用于評論的一些表達方法,并有意識地記住一些相關(guān)的詞語和表達法,適當(dāng)?shù)卦黾舆@方面的詞匯量。在答題時還要盡量避免一些不該犯的語法和拼寫錯誤,這也是一個應(yīng)該引起注意的方面,因為一道論述題的評分往往是內(nèi)容和語言兼顧的。既要在內(nèi)容上擺出要點,還要在語言表達上通順而清楚,較少犯語法和拼寫錯誤。 最后,筆者認(rèn)為考生在復(fù)習(xí)的過程中應(yīng)緊扣書本,以作品的閱讀與理解為主,不要把賭注押在某一本參考書上,把學(xué)習(xí)這本書的過程當(dāng)成是一個學(xué)習(xí)英語語言和文化的過程,這才是較正確的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。 (江蘇自學(xué)考試總第199、200期 邵珊) 專心---專注---專業(yè)
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