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1、Unit 4 reading1.matter 要緊、有關(guān)系，要緊、有關(guān)系，= be important It doesnt matter if I miss the train because theres another one in ten minutes.It is what you do rather than what you say that matters. compare to 也可用也可用compare with 用于比較不同事物用于比較不同事物.Their prices are low compared to those in other shops.用法比較用法比較: c

2、ompare A with B 把把 和和 相比。相比。 Researchers compared living conditions in London with those in other cities. compare A to B 把把 比成比成 ，比較兩者的相似之處。，比較兩者的相似之處。 Poets like to compare death to sleep. Hpare1)The town has changed a lot _ what it was before.2) We often _young people _ the rising sun.3) _ this _

3、that , and youll see which is pared to/with compare toCompare with 1.How has this come about and does it matter?2. 你能告訴我事情是怎樣發(fā)生的嗎？你能告訴我事情是怎樣發(fā)生的嗎？3. With the use of electricity, great changes have come about.這是如何發(fā)生的，是否要緊這是如何發(fā)生的，是否要緊?Can you tell me how the accident came about?隨著電的使用，種種大變化發(fā)生了。隨著電的使用，種

4、種大變化發(fā)生了。 Heading 2. come about Difficult Sentences1.There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer but there is fierce debate over whether it is human activity that has caused this global warming or whether it is just a natural phenomenon.毫無疑問地球在變暖，但究竟是人類活動使地球變暖毫無疑問地球在變暖，但究竟是人類活動使地球變暖還是它僅僅是一種自然

5、現(xiàn)象，就此引發(fā)了激烈的爭論。還是它僅僅是一種自然現(xiàn)象，就此引發(fā)了激烈的爭論?！癟here is no doubtbut there is fierce debate”是主句，是一個并列句；是主句，是一個并列句； “There is no doubt”分句中的分句中的“that ”是同位語從句，是同位語從句， “but there is fierce debate”分句中有兩個由分句中有兩個由whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。作介詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。作介詞over的賓語，第一個的賓語，第一個賓語從句中又有一個強調(diào)句型賓語從句中又有一個強調(diào)句型.Para1常用結(jié)構(gòu)：常用結(jié)構(gòu)：There is no n

6、eed 沒有必要沒有必要There is no question 是沒有問題的是沒有問題的There is no reason 沒有理由沒有理由There is no possibility that 是沒有可能的是沒有可能的There is no knowing/telling沒法知道沒法知道/說說It is a/no wonder that 真奇怪真奇怪/真令人吃驚真令人吃驚It is no use/good thatIt is no use/good doing sthThere is some doubt whether John will come on time.約翰會不會準時來約

7、翰會不會準時來有些疑問有些疑問。 她說了實話，這一點似乎是沒有疑問她說了實話，這一點似乎是沒有疑問。There seems to be no doubt that she has told the truth.1._ was no _ that he was a fine scholar. A. There; doubt B. It; doubt C. There; wonder D. It; question2. _ no knowing what he could do. He might get a job tomorrow. He might stay out of work for

8、weeks. A. There is B. It is C. There was D. It was Fossil fuel:礦物燃料。礦物燃料。 Ancient animal and plant material below the surface of the earth with a high carbon content, such as coal,oil and natural gas, which can be burnt to produce energy. Also known as non-renewable energy because once they are used

9、 they have gone forever; they cannot be renewed. Para21.SOME BYPRODUCTS OF THIS PROGRESS ARE CALLED “GREENHOUSE” GASES, THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE BEING CARBON DIOXIDE.在這一過程中產(chǎn)生的許多副產(chǎn)品被叫做溫室氣體，最重要的在這一過程中產(chǎn)生的許多副產(chǎn)品被叫做溫室氣體，最重要的是二氧化碳。是二氧化碳。 Para2是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是：是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： 名詞（代詞）名詞（代詞）+ + 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞/ / 過去分

10、詞過去分詞/ /不定不定式式/ / 形容詞形容詞/ / 副詞副詞 Difficult Sentences2.THIS IS WHEN SMALL AMOUNTS OF GASES IN THE ATMOSPHERE, LIKE CARBON DIOXIDE, METHANE AND WATER VAPOUR, TRAP HEAT FROM THE SUN AND THEREFORE WARM THE EARTH. 這是當空氣中的少量氣體像二氧化碳、甲烷和水蒸氣將太陽的這是當空氣中的少量氣體像二氧化碳、甲烷和水蒸氣將太陽的熱量保存住而散發(fā)不出去時，因此就使地球變暖。熱量保存住而散發(fā)不出去時，因此

11、就使地球變暖。 Para2when 引導(dǎo)表語從句引導(dǎo)表語從句 Difficult Sentences3.quantity n.(u)數(shù)量數(shù)量He prefers quantity to quality when food is concerned.詞義拓展詞義拓展quantity n.(c )數(shù)量數(shù)量 Police found a large quantity of illegal drugs.Quantities of books were on the desk. Para21) As a result of destroying the forest, a large _ of dese

12、rt _ covered the land. A.number; has B. quantity; hasC. number; have D. quantity; have2) Every day large quantities of water _ into rivers without being cleaned.A.is poured B. is pouring C. are poured D. are pouring 可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞和和不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞均可修飾：均可修飾：lots of=a lot of, a quantity of =quantities of, a mass

13、 of =masses of, plenty of只修飾只修飾可數(shù)名詞：可數(shù)名詞：many, a great/large number of = large numbers of, a good/great many, scores of, dozens of只修飾只修飾不可數(shù)名詞：不可數(shù)名詞：much, a great/large amount of= large amounts of, a great/good deal of4.The increased amount of carbon dioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in

14、the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.二氧化碳量的增加意味著更多的熱能滯留在二氧化碳量的增加意味著更多的熱能滯留在大氣中，結(jié)果造成地球溫度的上升。大氣中，結(jié)果造成地球溫度的上升。主句是主句是 “The increased amount of carbon dioxide means”; that 引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，其引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，其中的分詞短語中的分詞短語 “causing the global temperature to go up”作結(jié)果狀語。作結(jié)果狀語。 Difficult Sentences Para2THE

15、 AMOUNT OF +不可數(shù)名不可數(shù)名詞詞 THE NUMBER OF +可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞What are you going to do with the amount of money? Para3常常 以以v-ing form 作結(jié)果狀語的詞有作結(jié)果狀語的詞有: make, reach, leave. The song “Notebook” is sung throughout the country,making it the most popular song.他父親死他父親死 了了, ,什么也沒留下給他們什么也沒留下給他們. .His father died, leaving n

16、othing to them Para3 result in 產(chǎn)生，導(dǎo)致（產(chǎn)生，導(dǎo)致（lead to, cause sth to happen) result from 由由引起，產(chǎn)生引起，產(chǎn)生( lie in, occur as a result of/because of )The accident resulted _ the drivers carelessness, which resulted _ the death of two passengers.fromin1.The experiment _ the discovery of a cure for cancer. A. r

17、esulted in B. lead to C. resulted from D. was caused by2. He slipped and broke his leg. _, he will have to be away from school for two or three months. A. Resulting in B. With the result that C. As a result D. The result is that 同義表達同義表達His sickness was caused by eating too much.1. His sickness _ _

18、eating too much.2. He was ill _ he had too much.3. He was ill _ _ eating too much.4. _ _ _ _ eating too much, he was ill.5. Eating too much _ _ his illness.6. Eating too much _ _ his illness.7. He had too much. _ _ _, he was ill.resulted frombecause because ofAs a result ofresulted inled toAs a resu

19、ltAS LOW AS 低至低至AS MUCH AS 高至高至.多達多達150名讀者簇擁在那位名作家周圍名讀者簇擁在那位名作家周圍.As many as 150 readers crowded round the famous writer.去歐洲旅游之費用高達去歐洲旅游之費用高達50 000元人民幣元人民幣.The cost of travelling to Europe is as much as 50 000 yuan.Para5WOULD BECOULD BE 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣Para6Para7 cause the sea level to rise by several metre

20、s.On the other hand, there are those, like scientists George Hambley, who believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air and that some scientists concerns about global warming are just speculation.另一方面，有些科學(xué)家，如另一方面，有些科學(xué)家，如George Hambley，認為，認為我們不應(yīng)該為空氣中二氧化碳的含量高擔(dān)心，他們我們不應(yīng)

21、該為空氣中二氧化碳的含量高擔(dān)心，他們還認為一些科學(xué)家對地球變暖的擔(dān)心只是一些猜想。還認為一些科學(xué)家對地球變暖的擔(dān)心只是一些猜想。主句是主句是 “there are those”, “l(fā)ike scientists George Hambley”是介詞短語作定語，是介詞短語作定語， “who believe that”are just speculation”是非限制性定語從句，都修飾是非限制性定語從句，都修飾those; believe后有兩個賓語從句，都由后有兩個賓語從句，都由that 引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。on the other hand,介詞短語作狀語從句，修飾全句。介詞短語作狀語從句，修飾全句

22、。 Difficult Sentences Para8 Language Pointsrange n. 范圍、排列；范圍、排列； v. 排列、安置；漫游；在某范圍內(nèi)變化；排列、安置；漫游；在某范圍內(nèi)變化； 常用短語：常用短語： in range of 一系列的一系列的in range 在射程內(nèi)在射程內(nèi)out of range 在射程外在射程外beyond the range of 超越超越范圍范圍out of ones range 某人達不到的某人達不到的1.China is a country with a wide range of temperature.中國是一個氣溫變化很大的國家。中

23、國是一個氣溫變化很大的國家。2. There is _(一系列一系列的活動的活動) for children.3. Most of the students entering the competition are _ (在在17至至20歲的范圍內(nèi)歲的范圍內(nèi)).4. The dog stayed well _ _(離孩子們遠遠的離孩子們遠遠的) a range of activities in the 17 20 age range out of range of the children 1. build up 逐漸增加。逐漸增加。After 4 oclock, the traffic be

24、gins to build up.She built the business up from nothing.You need to build up your strength.2. Keep on doing = continue to do sth.She kept on working although she was tired.The rain kept on all night. Para 9That is all.so long as= as long as conj. 只要只要, 如果如果1. Its OK to leave an electrical appliance

25、on so long as you are using it.2. 只要你不把書弄臟只要你不把書弄臟, 就可以借給你就可以借給你.只要你在使用電器只要你在使用電器, 使它處于工作狀態(tài)是可以的使它處于工作狀態(tài)是可以的.You may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean.同義詞組同義詞組:on condition that , only if, ifproviding (that), provided (that)注意注意:1. as long as 有時表示有時表示 “像像那么久那么久”;2. only if 接從句用于句首接從句用于句首,主

26、句主謂語倒裝主句主謂語倒裝;3. if only 表達表達 “要是要是該多好啊該多好啊!”需要虛擬語氣需要虛擬語氣.同義表達：同義表達：You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.1. You can go out _ _ _ you wear an overcoat.2. You can go out _ _ you wear an overcoat.3. You can go out _ you wear an overcoat.as/so long asprovided thatproviding thatonly ifpr

27、ovided if providingcome aboutcome acrosscome roundcome into beingcome into effectcome outcome down to earth發(fā)生發(fā)生偶然碰到偶然碰到,找到找到來訪來訪, 蘇醒蘇醒出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn), 產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生開始生效開始生效出版出版;長出長出;顯出顯出回到現(xiàn)實中來回到現(xiàn)實中來renewable adj. 能再生的，可更新的能再生的，可更新的renew v. 更新，更新， 恢復(fù)，恢復(fù)， 重新開始，重新開始， 繼續(xù)繼續(xù)re- 是前綴，是前綴， 表示表示“再再” “重新重新”。 如：如：recycle rewrite r

28、ebuild retell recover reform 回收回收改寫改寫重建重建復(fù)述復(fù)述恢復(fù)恢復(fù)改革改革emphasis n. 強調(diào)強調(diào)emphasize vt. 強調(diào)強調(diào)emphatic adj. 強調(diào)的強調(diào)的put /lay emphasis on 強調(diào)強調(diào)emphasize sth. 強調(diào)某事強調(diào)某事glance vi. 匆匆一看，匆匆一看， 一瞥；一瞥； vt. 掃視，瞥視掃視，瞥視 n. 一瞥一瞥glance at 瞥一眼瞥一眼, take a glance at 匆匆瞥一眼匆匆瞥一眼.at a (the) first glance 一眼就，一眼就， 一見就一見就比較：比較：gla

29、nce at 匆匆瞥一眼匆匆瞥一眼stare at 盯著看盯著看glare at 瞪著眼看活怒目而視瞪著眼看活怒目而視1. The little boy _ at the stranger for a few minutes before answering his question.A. Stared B. starved C. glared D. startled2. The woman was so angry that she _ the thief for a few seconds without saying a word. A. Stared at B. glared at C

30、. Look at D. glance atsupply n. 供應(yīng)；供給；供給之物。供應(yīng)；供給；供給之物。 vt. 供給；供應(yīng)；滿足供給；供應(yīng)；滿足supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. 供給某人某物供給某人某物supply ones need 滿足某人的需求滿足某人的需求a good supply of 大量的大量的in short supply 缺少的缺少的supply and demand 供與求供與求1. The school（向孩子們提供書籍）（向孩子們提供書籍）_.2. We have （存有大量的食物）（存有大量的食物）_ for the

31、 bad weather.3. Water（此地水資源缺乏）（此地水資源缺乏）_.supplies books to childrena good supply of food in storeis in short supply hereIT WAS A SCIENTIST CALLED CHARLES KEELING WHO MADE ACCURATE MEASUREMENTS OF THE AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE IN THE ATMOSPHERE FROM 1957 TO 1997.(在空中在空中)出現(xiàn)：出現(xiàn)：It was getting dark and t

32、he stars were coming out.(消息消息)傳開：傳開： It has now come out that many people suffered severe side effects from the drug.(觀點觀點)公開：公開： many leading politicians have come out in favor of the e up發(fā)生、舉行：發(fā)生、舉行： Ill let you know if anything comes up Her weddings coming up soon. He out 2. cause表示的因果關(guān)系比較直接，如：表示的因果關(guān)系比較直接，如： Smoking can cause lung cancer. 可指所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果與所涉及的人等有關(guān)，如；可指所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果與所涉及的人等有關(guān)，如； My car has caused me a lot of trouble. bring about表示的因果關(guān)系不那麼直接，如；表示的因果關(guān)系不那麼直接，如； The war brought about a reduction in the birth rate. lead to = cause The strike could lead to a loss of jobs. Para2