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WhatisthePassiveVoice 中考說明 掌握一般現(xiàn)在時 一般過去時 一般將來時及帶有may can must等情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)的構成和用法 孩子們喜歡這些歌曲 Childrenlovethesesongs 簡照看這只貓 Janelooksafterthecat 這些歌曲受到孩子們的喜愛 Thesesongsarelovedbychildren 這只貓由簡照看 ThecatislookedafterbyJane 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài) 主動語態(tài) theActiveVoice 被動語態(tài) thePassiveVoice Whatisit A 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 B 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 Weplantedthetree Thetreewasplantedbyus WespeakEnglish 主語 謂語 賓語 Englishisspokenbyus 主語 謂語 賓語 主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 當主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時 動詞用主動語態(tài) ActiveVoice 如果主語是動作的承受者 動詞便用被動語態(tài) PassiveVoice Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday 昨天我們打掃了教室 Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday 昨天教室被我們打掃了 ManystudentsstudyEnglish 主動語態(tài) Englishisstudiedbymanystudents 被動語態(tài) Whentouseit 1 當我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者 或沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時 2 當我們需要強調(diào)動作承受者 而不是動作的執(zhí)行者 這本詞典被保存完好 不需要說明是誰保存的 這些書是在二十世紀二十年代發(fā)現(xiàn)的 強調(diào)書被發(fā)現(xiàn)而不是強調(diào)由誰發(fā)現(xiàn) Thedictionaryiswellkept Thesebookwerefoundinthe1920s 被動語態(tài)的用法 Anotewaspasseduptothespeaker 1 強調(diào)動作的承受者 如 TabletennisisplayedalloverChina Englishisspokenbymanypeople 2 不需要指出動作的執(zhí)行者或動作的執(zhí)行者難以說出或不必說出 如 AnotherbridgehasbeenbuiltacrosstheChangjiangRiver ThePartywasfoundedonJuly6 1924 theStructureis 助動詞be 及物動詞的過去分詞 be V P P 2 被動語態(tài)的結構 被動語態(tài)由 助動詞be 及物動詞的過去分詞 構成 助動詞be有人稱 數(shù)的變化 其變化規(guī)則與be作為連系動詞時一樣 如 Thedeskismadeofwood Thedesksaremadeofwood Heisaskedaquestionbytheteacher Iwasgivenanicepresentbymyfriendyesterday 在改寫中應注意 1 把原來的賓語提到前面作被動語態(tài)的主語 2 把動詞變成 be 過去分詞 3 主動語態(tài)中的主語變?yōu)榻樵~by的賓語 典型題例例1將下列句子改為被動語態(tài) Wecleanourclassroomeveryday Ourclassroomiscleaned byus everyday 主變被解題步驟 1 找賓語 即動作的承受者 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory Shoes 2 判斷賓語的單復數(shù) 即be動詞的單復數(shù) arewere 3 判斷動詞的時態(tài) 即be動詞的時態(tài) 4 修改謂語的時態(tài) 即原句動詞改為過去分詞 made 5 修改原句的主語 即by 主語 bythem Tombrokethewindow ThewindowwasbrokenbyTom Tombrokethewindows ThewindowswerebrokenbyTom Hebrokethewindows Thewindowswerebrokenbyhim 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài) am are is 過去分詞 Peopleplayfootballallovertheworld 2 Mr Greenteachesusthisterm Footballallovertheworld Wethisterm isplayed bypeople aretaught byMr Green 一般過去時的被動語態(tài) was were 過去分詞 4 PeoplebuilttheGreatWalllongago 5 Twoyearsagoweusedthemachinestomakeshoesforchildren TheGreatWalllongago wasbuilt bypeople wereused byus tomake 一般將來時的被動語態(tài) will begoingto be 過去分詞 6 Wewillwriteadiarynextclass 7 Tomisgoingtoholdabirthdayparty Adiarynextclass Abirthdayparty willbewritten byus isgoingtoheldbyTom 情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) must haveto can等 be 過去分詞 8 Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce 9 Wehavetofinishourhomeworkontime Thebrokenpotteryatonce Ourhomework mustbethrownaway byyou hastobefinished byus ontime Heridesthemotorbiketohisfactoryeveryday Themotorbikeisriddentohisfactoryeveryday WecallthesnowmanMrStrong ThesnowmaniscalledMrStrong Weusuallyhearhimplayinthenextroom Heisusuallyheardtoplayinthenextroom 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般過去時 S was were 過去分詞 Heboughthisfriendsomefruitsyesterday Hisfriendwasboughtsomefruitsyesterday Somefruitswereboughtforhisfriendyesterday 4 AbycantakegoodcareofTina TinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAby 情態(tài)動詞 S can may must should be 過去分詞 Hecancarrythebasketeasily Thebasketcanbeeasilycarriedbyhim Theycansingsomebeautifulsongs Somebeautifulsongscanbesungbythem Wemustputtheminthefridge Thedogsthought Theymustbeputinthefridge Thedogsthought 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般將來時 S will be 過去分詞 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 變被動語態(tài) 七嘴八舌 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 3 Wefoundtheticketonthefloor 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem Answerrightorwrong 1 必須照看好孩子們 Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcare Thechildrenmustbetakengoodcareof 2 這本書是魯迅寫的 ThisbookwaswrotebyLuXun ThisbookwaswrittenbyLuXun 3 昨天那支筆是他給我的 Thatpencilwasgivenmebyhimyesterday Thatpencilwasgiventomebyhimyesterday W R W R W R 4 這輛自行車能修嗎 Canthisbikemended Canthisbikebemended 5 街道已由他們清理了 Thestreethasbeencleanedbythey Thestreethasbeencleanedbythem W R W R 四 幾種值得注意的被動語態(tài)變化 帶復合賓語的被動語態(tài)結構 makesb dosth sb bemadetodosth MrGreenmadeJimdohishomeworkathome JimwasmadetodohishomeworkbyMrGreenathome watchlethavehearseenotice 一些特殊結構的被動結構 1 感覺動詞 hear see等 改被動語態(tài) 2 使役動詞 let make等 改被動語態(tài) 如動詞為make see hear watch等 后接賓語補足語為不帶 to 不定式時 變被動語態(tài)時要加上 to 如 Isawhimfalloffthetree Hewasseentofalloffthetree 思考2 12 IusuallyhearhersingEnglishsongsinthemorning Sheinthemorning isusuallyheardtosingEnglishsongs 14 Hemakesherhorseworkallday Herhorseallday 15 Myfatherletmegooutforapicnic Ioutforapicnic ismadetowork waslettogo 口訣 這些動詞真奇怪 主動句中to離開 被動句中to回來 hear let have make see watch helpsb to V behelpedtoV Hehelpedtheoldman to cleantheroom Theoldmanwashelpedtocleantheroom 2 seesb doingsth sb beseendoingsth Isawhimplayingfootballatthatmoment Hewasseenplayingfootballatthatmoment hear watch 三 帶有雙賓語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時 直接或間接賓語都可做主語 注意間接賓語前加to或for Mymotherboughtmeanewbike Iwasboughtanewbikebymymother Anewbikewasboughtformebymymother JackhasgivenTomabook AbookhasbeengiventoTombyJack TomhasbeengivenabookbyJack 帶有雙賓語 賓語既有人又有物 的被動結構是 1 將間接賓語 人 變?yōu)橹髡Z 直接賓語 物 不變 2 將直接賓語 物 變?yōu)橹髡Z 一般要在間接賓語前加介詞to或for BobsentKatealetterlastyear KatewassentaletterbyBoblastyear AletterwassenttoKatebyBoblastyear tellaskbringwritegivesendshowteachpasslend to HetoldJimastory Mummademeanewdress IwasmadeanewdressbyMum AnewdresswasmadeformebyMum makebuydrawsing for Iboughtmybrotherabook buy make get sing 思考1 將下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài) 10 Wegavehimsomebooks He Somebooks wasgivensomebooks byus weregiventohim byus 注意 約翰打開了收音機 Johnturnedontheradio Theradiowasturnedon 奶奶照看我姐姐 Grandmatakescareofmysister MysisteristakencareofbyGrandma 注 動詞短語變被動語態(tài)時 千萬不要遺漏介詞或副詞 Wemustspeaktooldpeoplepolitely Oldpeoplemustbespokentopolitely 必背 動詞短語的被動語態(tài) takecareof betakencareof cutdown becutdown laughat belaughedat lookafter belookedafter Theysaidthathewouldcomebacksoon Itwassaidthathewouldcomebacksoon 類似的還有 Itisreported believed hoped supposedthat Wereport 1 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài) 如 belong happen takeplace last cometrue remain succeed fall die arrive breakout appear last start等 Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthiscity Thatbikedoesn tbelongtoMike 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 2 表示靜態(tài)的及物動詞不用被動語態(tài) have fit IhaveaTVset Thecoatfitsmewell 3 祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài) 正 Lookattheblackboard please 誤 Theblackboardislookedatbyyou 不用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況 4 系動詞沒有被動態(tài)和進行時態(tài) 這魚味道很好 這條圍巾摸上去很軟 Thefishtastesgood Thescarffeelssoft 5 反身代詞在句中作賓語時 不能用被動語態(tài) 例如 正 Youmustlookafteryourself 誤 Yourselfmustbelookedafter 4 某些動詞形式是主動 但含有被動的意思 這書很好賣 這種布很好洗 Thebooksellswell Thiskindofclothwashesverywell 這書賣完了 Thebookissoldout 這塊表需要修理一下 Thewatchneedsmending Thewatchneedstobemended Weneedtomendthewatch want 知識運用 一 單項選擇 1 Onlythirty eightideasbythenewspaper A chooseB choseC waschosenD werechosen2 Asusual Meihuaat6 30thismorningbyhermothertogetreadyforschool 2006 A haswokenupB wokeupC wakesupD waswokenup D D 3 Aneighbourhelpedtokeepourdog Itwhilewewereonholiday 2005 A wastakencareB tookcareofC istakencareofD wastakencareof4 AttheendofthemeetingMissGreentwominutestodecidewhethersheshouldjointheprojectornot 2004 A gaveB hadgivenC wasgivenD wasgiving D B 5 Mr Johnson sstorybyeveryonewhoheardit 2003 A laughedatB waslaughedC laughedD waslaughedat D 二 請把下面句子改為被動語態(tài) 1 TheyshowedJackcarefullyhowtouseit Jackcarefullyhowtouseit 2 Beijingwillholdthe29thOlympicGamesin2008 The29thOlympicGamesin2008 wasshowed willbeheldbyBeijing 3 MissDengteachesusEnglish 4 Theysawtheboyplayingbasketballat3 00yesterday Theboy at3 00yesterday WearetaughtEnglishbyMissDeng wasseentoplaybasketball EnglishistaughttousbyMissDeng 5 Weshouldmakeourcountrybecomemoreandmorebeautiful Ourcountrymoreandmorebeautiful shouldbemadetobecome 練習 將下列主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)句子 Thecomputerclubheldawritingcompetition 競賽 Thefastestplayerfinishedthegameineighthours Wetookmanyphotos Theyusethisroomforplayingtabletennis Thebankbuiltaparkforthem Awritingcompetitionwasheldbythecomputerclub Thegamewasfinishedbythefastestplayerineighthours Manyphotosweretakenbyus Aparkwasbuiltforthembythebank Thisroomisusedforplayingtabletennisbythem 中考被動語態(tài)考題1 Theriversmellsterrible Peoplemust dirtythingintoit 南京市中考題 AbestoppedtothrowBbestoppedfromthrowingCstoptothrowDstopfromthrowing2 Thisbook often fromthelibrary 北京市中考題 Aaren ttakeawayBtakenawayCisn ttakenawayDbetakenaway3 He tell toreturnhisbookstothelibraryyesterday 黃岡市中考題 wastold 5 Anotherman madesatellitewassentupintospacebythemlastweek 濟南市中考題 anotherman madesatelliteintospacelastweek 變主動語態(tài)7 Peoplethereplantedmanytreeslastyear Trees bypeopletherelastyear 青島市中考題 8 Theygrowvegetablesonthefarm Thevegetables onthefarm 上海市中考題 T Theysentup wereplanted aregrown 一 選擇正確答案 1 Doyouknowwhat A itcallsB doesitcallC itiscalledD isitcalled2 Mylostcar yesterday A willbefoundB wasfoundC hasfoundD found3 Whowasthebook A writtenbyB willbewritebyC hasbeenwrittenwithD canbewrittenby4 AnEnglishsong ontheradioyesterday A willteachB wastaughtC hastaughtD canbeteach C B A B 二 用所給詞的正確形式填空 cover invent answer write return call 1 Allthequestions correctly 2 Morethantwothirdsoftheearth withwater 3 OurcityBeijing 4 Allthemagazines totheschoollibrarylastweek 5 Thisnewmechine 機器 byMr Blacklastyear 6 Allthewordsonthebackofthecard iscovered werereturned wasinvented wasanswered iscalled arewritten 5 Exercises 一 選擇填空 Windows ofglass bemadeB ismadeC aremadeD beenmade2 Thehouse in2004 isbuiltB isbuildingC wasbuiltD used3 Acoatcan forkeepingwarm beusedB isusedC beenusedD used C C A 4 Watches Shanghailastlong A aremadeinB ismadeC aremadefromD made5 Thisdeskismade wood A ofB fromC inD by6 Thethingsonshowwere theolddays A usedB usedtoC usedforD usedin7 Silk inHangzhouandSuzhou A isproducedB areproducedC producedD isproduces A A D A 1 Ourschool in2002 開辦 2 Theyoungtreesmust well 照顧 3 thisbuilding 建成 lastyear 4 Thebook 寫 byhimlastyear 5 Thebridge 不建造 in1989 6 The29thOlympicGameswill 舉行 inBeijingin2008 wasopened belookedafter Was built waswritten wasn tbuilt beheld 用所給動詞的正確形式填空 1 Thebike fix upbyXiaoMingyesterday 2 Sunglasses use forprotectingpeople seyes 3 Apicture put upontheblackboard 4 French speak inFrance 5 Teenagersshould allow tochoosetheirownclothes wasfixed areused isput isspoken beallowed 練習一請把下列的主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳?注意時態(tài)的一致 1Hewroteanarticlelastweek Anarticlewaswrittenbyhimlastweek 2Thepeoplemakehistory Historyismadebypeople 3DopeopleuseChineseonlyinChina IsChineseusedbypeopleonlyinChina 4Theydidn tvisitthecitytwoyearsago Thecitywasn tvisitedbythemtwoyearsago 5Wheredidyoumakethem Whereweretheymadebyyou 一用適當?shù)男问教羁?Historyis bythepeople make 2Heisoften todotheworkbytheteacher ask 3Thebook byhimlastyear write 4Theradio lastweek mend 5Sometrees onthehillthisspring plant 6Anewsubway build nextyear 7She take tothehospitalalready 8Thousandsofsatellites send upintothespacesofar 9Theysaidthey invite tothepartyalready 10Thetrains produce inZhuzhou 11Youngtreesshould water often made asked waswritten wasmended havebeenplanted willbebuilt hasbeentaken havebeensent hadbeeninvited areproduced bewatered MultipleChoice 1 Ifthework youcangoandplaygames A finishedB hasfinishedC willbefinishedD isfinished 2 Itwasrainingheavilyoutside thechildrenweremade intheclassroom 4 Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful rubbish intotheriver A needn tbethrownB mustn tbethrownC can tthrowD maynotthrow 5 Ilikemybike It verywell A ridesB isridingC isriddenD hasridden D B B A 3 Kate theletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom A haswrittenB waswrittenC hadwrittenD iswriting A stayB tostayC stayingD stayed C 6 Iwon tcometothepartyunlessTom too YoumeanifTomcomes you llcome 8 Thechildrenmust 9 Thewomanstilldoesn tknowwhat inherhometown D D B A willinviteB invitesC invitedD isinvited 7 EveryonewhoheardMr Green sstory it A laughedatB waslaughedC laughedD waslaughedat A A happensB happenedC willhappenD washappened whileshewasaway A lookafterB betakengoodcare C lookthesameD betakengoodcareof 10 Isawyouwereonfootthismorning Yes Mybike A ismendingB isbeingmended C ismendedD isbeingmending B 1 AlexanderGrahamBellinventedthetelephonein1876 ThetelephonewasinventedbyAlexanderGrahamBellin1876 2 Themanagerhasnotsignedthepapers Thepapershavenotbeensignedbythemanager 主 謂 賓 3 Ipostedthatletterlastnight Thatletterwaspostedlastnight 4 Theyknowthatheisanexpert Itisknownthatheisanexpert 有時by可以省略 主 謂 賓 賓 1 Hetoldheralongstory Shewastoldalongstory Alongstorywastoldtoher 2 Motherboughtmeanewcoat Iwasboughtanewcoat Anewcoatwasboughtforme Didhefinishtheworkyesterday Werethebookstakenawaybythegirl Didthegirltakeawaythebooks WasthewindowbrokenbyTom Tom thewindow Didbreak Wastheworkfinishedbyhimyesterday Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about Is talked bythem Doesn tBobcleanthestreeteveryday thestreet byBobeveryday Isn tcleaned Hetoldustogettoschoolearly Ourparentsaskustostayathomeatnight Weweretoldtogettoschoolearlybyhim Weareaskedtostayathomeatnight Didyougototheparty No I invite wasn tinvited Thebridge inthreeweeks finish Youcangooutifyourhomework do willbefinished isdone Thisisoneofthethingsthat see thatday wereseen WhenwasPRC found wasseen Thisisthonlyoneofthethingsthat see thatday founded Youshouldgetyourshoes wash washed