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1、專題十三特殊句式 一、倒裝 “倒裝句”從結(jié)構(gòu)上看有完全倒裝和部分倒裝兩種。謂語動詞全部位于主語之前的稱作完全倒裝；只將謂語的一部分(通常是助動詞或情態(tài)動詞)放在主語之前的稱作部分倒裝。 從實(shí)際使用看，倒裝有兩種功能作用：一是出于語法要求的語法倒裝；二是出于修辭或強(qiáng)調(diào)需要的修辭倒裝。 (一)完全倒裝 1表示方式或方位的副詞與介詞短語等置于句首時。常見的有： there，here，in，out，away，up，down，from，off，back，over，then，now，so，thus，in the room，on the wall等。 There exist different opinio

2、ns on this question. Among the goods are Christmas trees，flowers，candles and toys. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 當(dāng)主語為代詞時主謂不倒裝。試比較： Out rushed the children. Out they rushed. 2such置于句首時。 Such are the facts，and no one can deny them. 3表語置于句首時。 Gone are the days when my heart was young and happy. (二)部分倒裝 1當(dāng)only放在句首，修飾副詞、介詞短

3、語或狀語從句。 Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 only后面接句子主語時，不需要用倒裝句式。 Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.(2014湖南高考) 2否定副詞或詞組not，nor，never，hardly，rarely，few，seldom，little，neither，by no means，at no time

4、，under no circumstances，in no way，at no time置于句首時。 Never in my life have I seen such a thing. Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark. 3often，well，many a time，now and again等方式或頻度副詞(短語)置于句首時。 Many a time has John given me good advice. 4在以下九個固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)中，句子可以部分倒裝。 (1)sobe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語。 He

5、 used to do sports every day.So did I. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 在答句中，有些情況不用倒裝，這時，意義有所不同。 Li Hua has made great progress in his spoken English. So he has.(意為“他確實(shí)如此”。表示對以上陳述的肯定贊同) (2)neither/norbe/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語。 The headmaster will not permit the change in the course，nor will he even give it a thought.(2012重慶高考) (3)so.

6、that. So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last. (4)neither.nor. Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it. (5)not only.but (also). Not only do the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.(2014大綱全國) 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 此結(jié)構(gòu)連接主語時不倒裝。 Not only he but also his parents are sick. (6)not

7、until. Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 此結(jié)構(gòu)中主句要求倒裝，但從句不倒裝。 (7)hardly.when./no sooner.than. Hardly had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door. No sooner had MoYan steppped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderou

8、s applause.(2014陜西高考) 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 這兩個結(jié)構(gòu)都要求主句謂語用過去完成時。 (8)as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 Try as I might，I couldnt lift the stone. (9)虛擬條件句若有had，were，should時，可省略if，從句部分倒裝。 Had they not helped us，we could not have done it so successfully. Should he come，say“nobody in”to him. Were I you，I would not make such a decis

9、ion. 【悟一悟參透誤區(qū)】 有時由于修辭或平衡句子的需要也可以用倒裝句，也可以不用。 On either side of the great avenue stood many block buildings. “Im leaving for Sichuan tomorrow，”said Tom to his mother. 學(xué)以致用 .改寫句子(把下列句子變?yōu)榈寡b句) 1The patients can be treated properly in this hospital only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent. O

10、nly by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _. 2He didnt realize the love we have for our families is important until he went through real hardship. Not until he went through real hardship_. 3I will never make that mistake again. _that mistake again. 4I will speak to him again only when he

11、 apologizes for his rudeness. Only when he apologizes for his rudeness_ 5If they should forget to bring a map with them，they would get lost in the woods. _to bring a map with them，they would get lost in the woods. 6I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain. _than it began to rain. 7I found it s

12、o difficult to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. So difficult_to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice. 答案 1can the patients be treated properly in this hospital 2did he realize the love we have for our families is important 3Never will I make 4will I spe

13、ak to him again 5Should they forget 6No sooner had I gone out 7did I find it .完成句子(用倒裝句完成下列句子) 1只有用這種方法，你才能學(xué)好英語。 _you learn English well. 2我從來沒見過這樣的人。 Never_such a man. 3他剛到家，電話就響了。 Hardly_the telephone rang. 4不僅老師自己對足球感興趣，而且他的所有學(xué)生也開始對足球感興趣了。 Not only_interested in football，but_beginning to show an

14、interest in it. 5如果你不去，我也不去了。 If you dont go，_. 答案1.Only in this way can2.have I seen 3had he arrived home when 4is the teacher himself；all his students are 5neither/nor shall I 二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 1強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語、賓語和狀語等。 It was the culture，rather than the language，that made i

15、t hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014福建高考) 2強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句只需將is/was提前，特殊疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問詞is/wasitthat從句”。 Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr.Smith got angry？(2014四川高考) 3如果原句中含有“not.until”，在強(qiáng)調(diào)時間狀語時，將主句中的否定詞not連同狀語一起提前。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I re

16、alized she was a famous film star. 4“it is. that.”結(jié)構(gòu)不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞。 如果需要強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞，用“do/does/did動詞原形”，以加強(qiáng)語氣，意為“的確；真的；務(wù)必”。 He did say that he would help me. 他的確說過他會幫我的。 學(xué)以致用 用強(qiáng)調(diào)句翻譯下列句子 1只有當(dāng)他說出那個字后他才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤。 _ 答案Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 2學(xué)校到底什么時候開運(yùn)動會呢？ _

17、答案When is it that our school will hold the sports meeting? 3直到信的末尾，她才提到她自己的計劃。 _ 答案It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 4在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下，登山者才獲救。 _ 答案 It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued. 5你可一定要跟我說實(shí)話，否則我?guī)筒涣四恪?_ 答案Do tell me t

18、he truth，or I cant help you. 三、省略 1在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含有be動詞，而從句的主語又與主句的主語一致或從句的主語是it時，從句的主語和be動詞常被省略。 Film has a much shorter history，especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.(2012新課標(biāo)全國卷) Get up early tomorrow，if not

19、(you dont get up early)，you will miss the first bus. 2Im afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess等作答句，后面跟so與not分別等于肯定或否定，賓語從句可省去。 Do you think it will rain? I hope not (that it will not rain) Do you believe our team will win? I guess so (that our team will win) 3不定式省略，單獨(dú)使用不定式符號to。 (1)用來代替動詞不定式后被省略的動詞

20、，常在be afraid/glad/happy，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，want，wish等的后邊。 I asked him to see the film，but he didnt want to. Will you join in the game? Id be glad to. (2)如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。 Are you a sailor? No，but I used to be. 學(xué)以致用 補(bǔ)充句子(找出下列

21、句子的省略成分并把他們補(bǔ)充完整) 1Havent seen you for ages. _havent seen you for ages. 答案I 2I am happy if you are. I am happy if you are_ 答案happy 3I meant to write to you，but forgot to. I meant to write to you，but forgot to_ 答案write to you 4They are going abroad soon，but I dont know when. They are going abroad soon，but I dont know when_ 答案they are going abroad