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1、第34講非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的其他成分的動(dòng)詞形式。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式：不定式、動(dòng)詞ing形式和分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞)。中考關(guān)于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)主要集中在不定式上，具體如下：1動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和和目的狀語(yǔ)的用法；2動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)的用法；3動(dòng)詞ing 形式的用法。高頻考向一動(dòng)詞不定式1構(gòu)成：to動(dòng)詞原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式為：not to do。如：The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老師告訴我放學(xué)后完成我的家庭作業(yè)。2功能：動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副

2、詞的特征，因此在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。(1)作主語(yǔ)To help the old is our duty.幫助老人是我們的職責(zé)?！咀⒁狻縿?dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式短語(yǔ)后置?！癐ts adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”，這一句型中常用表示性質(zhì)、品格的形容詞。常見(jiàn)的有g(shù)ood(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細(xì)心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯(cuò)誤

3、的)等。如：Its kind of you to help me.你幫了我，你真好?！癐ts adj.for sb.不定式”表示“做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)”。常用的形容詞有difficult(困難的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艱難的)，dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒適的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如：Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)，爬上那棵高樹(shù)是危險(xiǎn)的。(2)作表語(yǔ)To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.

4、吃飯是為了活著，但活著并不是為了吃飯。(3)作賓語(yǔ)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：decide(決定)，expect(期望)，forget(忘記)，hope(希望)，pretend(假裝)，try(盡力)等。如：I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行車。(4)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：ask(要求)，tell(告訴)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(幫助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀請(qǐng))，encourage(鼓勵(lì))等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她

5、的姐姐把電視機(jī)的音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)。She asked me to answer the phone while she was out.當(dāng)她出去的時(shí)候，她叫我接電話。(5)作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，常置于被修飾名詞之后作后置定語(yǔ)，且被修飾的名詞與不定式的動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或介賓關(guān)系。如：He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(動(dòng)賓)He has no friends to talk with.他沒(méi)有可以與之交談的朋友。(介賓)【注意】當(dāng)不定式修飾的名詞是time，place或way時(shí)，不定式后的介詞習(xí)慣省去。如：He had no place to live (in)他

6、沒(méi)地方住。有些名詞常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。如：a chance to go to school上學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)no time to think about rest沒(méi)時(shí)間考慮休息a way to learn (of learning) English學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的一種方法(6)作狀語(yǔ)They ran over to welcome us.他們跑過(guò)來(lái)歡迎我們。(表目的)Paul is too excited to say anything.保羅激動(dòng)得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。(表結(jié)果)Im sorry to trouble you.很抱歉打擾你。(表原因)【注意】在使役動(dòng)詞、感官動(dòng)詞和某些實(shí)義動(dòng)詞后，動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要省

7、略to。但在變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，省略的to要加上。如：I heard someone knock at the door.我聽(tīng)到有人在敲門。We saw him enter the room.我們看到他進(jìn)了房間。在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等結(jié)構(gòu)的句型后，要用不帶to的不定式。如：Would you please make your bed？請(qǐng)整理下你的床，好嗎？Youd better go to bed early.你最好早點(diǎn)睡覺(jué)。3特殊疑問(wèn)詞動(dòng)詞不定式能接不定式的疑問(wèn)詞有：what，which，how，who，when，whe

8、re等。它們可以在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)。如：I dont know what to do.我不知道該做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道該怎么去做這事。I dont know what to do about it.關(guān)于這件事，我不知道該做些什么。The question is who to go.問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)去。高頻考向二動(dòng)詞ing形式1構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞原形ing(形式上與現(xiàn)在分詞相同)。2功能：動(dòng)詞ing形式具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。作主語(yǔ)如：Saying so much is useless.說(shuō)那么多沒(méi)用。作表語(yǔ)如：My greatest

9、 pleasure is traveling.我最大的樂(lè)趣是旅游。作定語(yǔ)如：There is a swimming pool here.這兒有一個(gè)游泳池。作賓語(yǔ)如：She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜愛(ài)看電影。后接動(dòng)詞ing形式的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)enjoy(喜歡)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practice(練習(xí))，mind(介意)，suggest(建議)，avoid(避免)，be busy(忙于)，be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放棄)，be used to(習(xí)慣于)，stop/prevent/keep.fro

10、m(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)，feel like(想要)，be good at(擅長(zhǎng))，be interested in(對(duì)感興趣)，succeed in(成功)一、用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。(原創(chuàng)題)1Its easy for local people _(choose)various goods in Sunnyside Shopping Mall.2No pains, no gains. Without _(work) hard, no one can achieve success in life.3Nothing would prevent UNICEF,

11、 an international charity，_ (raise) the living standards of the children in poor areas.4The foreigner has been used to _(eat) with chopsticks.5Mom couldnt stand the mess in my room, so she asked me _(clean) it right now.6Would you mind _(close) it right now?7Dont forget _(turn) off the gas after coo

12、king.to chooseworkingraisingeatingto cleanclosingto turn8Could you tell me how _(succeed) in making a speech in front of people?Be confident. Thats the point.9Some inventions that led to the colorful movies are on show，_ (include) cameras.10If you have any trouble _(use) the website, just click on t

13、his icon for help.11My teachers always encourage us _(study) hard on different subjects.12We need to make more young people _(learn) Shadow Play so that it wont disappear in China.13_ (ride) a bike to the countryside must be fun. I cant wait.14It is fine today! How about _(go) climbing this afternoon?15Youd better _(join) in some activities after school.to succeedincludingusingto studylearnRidinggoingjoin