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1、專題十六 主從復(fù)合句 1.概念：由一個主句和一個或者一個以上的從句連接而成的句子叫主從復(fù)合句。主句是全句的主體，往往可以獨立存在，從句是全句的一個成分，不能獨立存在。從句也有自己的主語和謂語部分，需要有一個關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)才能和主句連接。 2.分類：從句主要有以下六種：主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句和同位語從句。根據(jù)考綱要求，現(xiàn)主要講述賓語從句、狀語從句和定語從句。 考點歸納考點歸納 考點一：賓語從句考點一：賓語從句 在主從復(fù)合句中，在動詞或者介詞后面充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫作賓語從句。 構(gòu)成：主句+引導(dǎo)詞+陳述句語序（主謂結(jié)構(gòu)） 如：Can you tell me where he is

2、 from? 主句 從句（賓語從句） 考點梳理考點梳理 1.賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞原句原句引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞陳述句that無意義，可省略Lucy says (that) the tall man is our new teacher.露西說那個高個子男人是我們的新老師。一般疑問句if / whether（后用or not時只用whether）Do you know if he was born in China?你知道他是不是中國出生的嗎？ 考點梳理考點梳理特殊疑問句用what，who，where，when，how等特殊疑問詞The teacher asks where he lives.老師

3、問他住在哪里。（續(xù)表） 考點梳理考點梳理 1. I saw David in the teachers office this morning. Do you know he was there? He went there to hand in his homework. (2015南京市) A. how B. whether C. when D. why 2. Its amazing! I cant believe you could make it to the top in such a short time! (2016包頭市) A. which B. what C. that D.

4、 if 考點自測考點自測DC 2.賓語從句的語序 無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都要用陳述句語序。 即：引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其他 考點梳理考點梳理 3. We dont know when next week. Please call me when he arrives. (2015南充市) A. will he arrive B. does he arrive C. he will arrive D. he arrives 4. Could you tell me Zhang Aipings hometown？ The day after tomorrow, I think(2016

5、達(dá)州市) A. when will you visit B. when you will visit C. why you will visit D. how you will visit 考點自測考點自測CB 3.賓語從句的時態(tài) 在賓語從句中，謂語動詞的時態(tài)要和主句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)保持一致，其一般規(guī)律為：規(guī)律規(guī)律主句主句從句時態(tài)從句時態(tài)例句例句主現(xiàn)從任意一般現(xiàn)在時任何時態(tài)We dont know where he was born.我們不知道他生于何時。主過從任過一般過去時一般過去時過去進(jìn)行時過去完成時過去將來時The police asked the boy where his mum w

6、as.警察問男孩他媽媽在哪里。 考點梳理考點梳理從真理用一般任何時態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時Our teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。 （續(xù)表） 考點梳理考點梳理 5. The teacher told us that the sun in the east. (2015雅安市) A. had risen B. has risen C. rose D. rises 6. The police wondered . (2015臨沂市) A. whose handbag it is B. whose handbag it wa

7、s C. whose handbag is it D. whose handbag was it 考點自測考點自測DB 7. I wonder . It will fall on a Saturday. (2016廣東省) A. how will National Day fall on this year B. how National Day will fall on this year C. what day will National Day fall on this year D. what day National Day will fall on this year 8. Cou

8、ld you tell me ? At nine oclock, in ten minutes. (2016綿陽市) A. how will he leave B. when he has left C. why he is leaving D. when he will leave 考點自測考點自測DD 4.賓語從句的注意問題 （1）賓語從句與簡單句的轉(zhuǎn)換：當(dāng)賓語從句的主語與主句的主語相同時，從句可以簡化為“疑問詞+不定式” 結(jié)構(gòu)。 如：I dont know what I should do next. =I dont know what to do next. 我不知道接下來要做什么。

9、（2）賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移：如果主句謂語動詞think，suppose，believe等后接賓語從句，且主句的主語是第一人稱，變否定句時應(yīng)否定主句。 如：I dont think you are right. 我認(rèn)為你不對。 考點梳理考點梳理 （3）引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語時，語序不變。 如：Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon. 杰克問我今天下午誰會給我們講課。 （who是引導(dǎo)詞，在賓語從句中作主語，本身已是陳述語序，不需再變） （4）whats the matter / wrong with 在賓語從句中不變語序。

10、如：The doctor wanted to know what was the matter with you. 醫(yī)生想知道你哪里不舒服。 I want to know whats wrong with you. 我想知道你怎么啦。 考點梳理考點梳理 9. I really dont know this question. It is too hard. (2015自貢市) A. which to answer B. how to answer C. what to answer D. where to answer 10. Wow, Wendy, its cool to make a sh

11、ort video with your mobile phone. Just with an APP called Meipai. Let me show you . A. which to use B. how to use it C. what to use D. where to use it 考點自測考點自測BB 考點二：狀語從句考點二：狀語從句 在復(fù)合句中，做狀語成分的從句叫狀語從句。 常見的狀語從句可分為：時間、條件、地點、原因、方式、讓步、比較、結(jié)果、目的等從句，由不同的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)。 考點梳理考點梳理 1.時間狀語從句 時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：when，while，as，till

12、，not until ，since，before，after，as soon as等。引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞用法用法例句例句whenwhen引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中既可接延續(xù)性動詞，也可接非延續(xù)性動詞，多用一般過去時They were talking happily when I walked past the door.當(dāng)我從門前走過，他們正在開心地聊天。?？紩r間狀語從句 考點梳理考點梳理whilewhile強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生，所引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句只能用延續(xù)性動詞，多用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework. 當(dāng)媽媽在做飯的

13、時候，我在做作業(yè)。not until主句的謂語動詞為非延續(xù)性動詞，主句要用否定式，從句用肯定式。The bus wont start until everybody gets on.公共汽車直到每個人都上車才會發(fā)動。 考點梳理考點梳理（續(xù)表）since主句謂語動詞一般用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句謂語動詞一般用一般過去時。Five yeas has passed since we saw each other last time.距離我們上次見面已經(jīng)五年過去了。beforebefore 引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前。We turned off the light before we left

14、.我們在離開前關(guān)了燈。 考點梳理考點梳理（續(xù)表）afterafter 引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。He went to bed after he finished his work.他做完工作后就去睡覺了。as soon as 若主句為一般將來時，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。I will tell him the news as soon as I see him.我一看見他，就會告訴他這個消息。 考點梳理考點梳理（續(xù)表） 1. Some people wont realize the importance of their health they have lost it. (

15、2015自貢市) A. when B. until C. after D. since 2. Would you please give this newly-published novel to Jack? Certainly, he comes back. (2015泰安市) A. before B. as soon as C. until D. unlessBB 考點自測考點自測 3. To make your DIY work perfect, youd better not start you get all the tools ready. (2016蘇州市) A. when B.

16、 while C. before D. after 4. It will be 2 years we see each other again. A. after B. before C. since D. whenCB 考點自測考點自測 2.條件狀語從句 條件狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞主要有if和unless，兩者可轉(zhuǎn)換。 在條件狀語從句中，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，即主將從現(xiàn)。 如：You will fail the exam if you dont work hard. =You will fail the exam unless you work hard. 如果不努力學(xué)習(xí)，你考試會不及格的。

17、考點梳理考點梳理 5. Well have a picnic near the river tomorrow it rains heavily. (2015眉山市) A. until B. if C. unless D. when 6. I hope you will enjoy your trip, dear! Thank you, mum. Ill give you a call I get there. A. until B. as soon as C. since D. tillCB 考點自測考點自測 3. 原因狀語從句 原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有because，since，as等。 注意

18、：because和so不能同時使用。 如：He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill. 他昨天沒來上學(xué)，因為他生病了。 考點梳理考點梳理 7. We didnt enjoy the day the weather was so bad. (2015杭州市) A. because B. though C. unless D. till 8. you know your dream clearly, then try your best to make it come true. A. Since B. Though C. Becaus

19、e D. For 考點自測考點自測AA 4. 讓步狀語從句 讓步狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有though / although，even though / if等。 注意：though / although與but不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子里。 如：Though he is in poor health, he works hard. 雖然他身體不好，但是他工作很努力。 考點梳理考點梳理 9. She passed the exam she had not studied very hard. A. if B. though C. while D. until 10. Shall we go on work

20、ing? Yes, I prefer to have a rest. A. when B. if C. because D. though 考點自測考點自測BD 5.比較狀語從句 比較狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有as as，than等。 如：Peter is not as tall as his brother. 彼得不像他哥哥那么高。 考點梳理考點梳理 11. How are you getting along with your new job? Very good. I dont feel it as as the last one. A. boring B. bored C. more bori

21、ng D. easy 12. Lin Dan won the badminton game again. Yes, I think no one can do than him. (2015成都市) A. well B. better C. best D. good 考點自測考點自測AB 6.結(jié)果狀語從句 結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有so / such that 等。 （1）區(qū)分兩種句式： so+adj./ adv.+that such+(a / an)+adj.+n.+that 如：Tom is so clever that he learns Chinese well. =Tom is such

22、 a clever boy that he learns Chinese well. 湯姆如此聰明，語文學(xué)得很好。 （2）注意：當(dāng)名詞前有much，many，little，few等詞修飾時，只能用so。 如：You cant spend so much time on computer games. 你不能花這么多時間在網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲上。 考點梳理考點梳理 13. It is a beautiful garden we like to play in it. (2015宜賓市) A. so；that B. such；that C. too；to D. very；that 14. Bob is alw

23、ays polite to everyone, and he is lovely all of us like him very much. (2015涼山彝族自治州) A. too；to B. neither；nor C. so；that D. such；that 考點自測考點自測BC 7.目的狀語從句 目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有so that，in order that等。 如：He stood up so that / in order that he could see the blackboard clearly. 他站起來，以便能清楚地看到黑板。 8.方式狀語從句 方式狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞

24、有as。 如：Students do as the teachers say. 同學(xué)們按照老師說的去做。 9. 地點狀語從句 地點狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有where，wherever等。 如：Id like to go where the air is very fresh. 我想去空氣清新的地方。 考點梳理考點梳理 考點三：定語從句考點三：定語從句 在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫作定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，連接先行詞和定語從句的詞叫引導(dǎo)詞（也叫關(guān)系詞）。 定語從句的構(gòu)成：先行詞+關(guān)系詞+定語從句 如：I know the girl who is sitting under the t

25、ree. 先行詞 引導(dǎo)詞 從句（定語從句） 考點梳理考點梳理 1. 關(guān)系詞的選用先行詞先行詞關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞例句例句人who / that The girl who / that has long hair is his sister.留長發(fā)的女孩子是他姐姐。物which / thatLucy likes music which / that is gentle.露西喜歡柔和的音樂。 考點梳理考點梳理 1. This is the book tells many English stories. (2015自貢市) A. what B. which C. who D. when 2. Shakes

26、peare is a great writer is considered as a genius (天才). I think so. Many people around the world admire him very much. (2016哈爾濱市) A. when B. who C. which D. what 考點自測考點自測BB 2. 只能用關(guān)系代詞that的情況 (1) 先行詞被最高級修飾 如：This is the most interesting class that I have ever had. 這是我上過最有趣的課。 (2) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 如：The firs

27、t thing that we should do is to get some food. 我們要做的第一件事就是獲得一些食物。 (3) 先行詞同時包含人和物 如：Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 你記得我們報道過的那位作家和他的書嗎？ 考點梳理考點梳理 (4) 先行詞前有the one，the only，the last等修飾詞 如：The only thing that I want to do now is to have a big meal. 我現(xiàn)在唯一想做的事就是大吃一頓。 (5) 先

28、行詞前有some，any，all，much，something，everything等不定代詞 如：Please move out all the desks that are old. 請把所有舊桌子搬出去。 考點梳理考點梳理 3. Nowadays WeChat is very popular among friends. Yes. It seems to be the best way of communication people like. (2015福州市) A. that B. which C. who D. whom 4. Great changes have taken pl

29、ace in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new to me. (2016廣東省) A. that B. which C. who D. whom 考點自測考點自測AA 3. 定語從句中的主謂一致 關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，定語從句中的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。其中，“one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 作先行詞時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：（1）He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那個男人。 （2）He is on

30、e of the students in his class who have been to Germany. 他是班上去過德國的學(xué)生之一。 考點梳理考點梳理 5. The photo taken by my brother last week is very nice. (2015呼和浩特市) A. which were B. that is C. that were D. which was 6. I prefer movies me something to think about. (2016綿陽市) A. which gives B. that gives C. that give D. who give 考點自測考點自測DC