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1、The PredicativeThe PredicativeUnit 3 GrammarUnit 3 GrammarObjectives1. 明確表語的概念；明確表語的概念；2. 掌握系表結(jié)構(gòu)；掌握系表結(jié)構(gòu)；3. 辨認(rèn)表語的形式。辨認(rèn)表語的形式。Australia is the only country that is also a continent. It is the sixth largest country in the world and is in the smallest continent Oceania.Australia is a popular destination

2、with tourists from all over the world who come to experience its unique ecology.We call the red words Predicatives.Like the states in America, Australian states are autonomous in some areas of government.A popular attraction for active tourists is the 80-km walking track that joins the southern and

3、northern ends of the park. 語法精解語法精解表語表語 Predicative表語是用來說明主語的身表語是用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的狀態(tài)的。在形式上，位于。在形式上，位于系動(dòng)詞后的就是表語。從系動(dòng)詞后的就是表語。從含義上講，表語是回答主含義上講，表語是回答主語語“是什么是什么”或或“怎么樣怎么樣”的語法成分。的語法成分。 什么是系動(dòng)詞：什么是系動(dòng)詞：系動(dòng)詞是表示不完全謂語關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞，系動(dòng)詞是表示不完全謂語關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞，常與后面的表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)充常與后面的表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)謂語。當(dāng)謂語。表語的位置：表語的位置：表語位于系動(dòng)

4、詞之后，與之構(gòu)成系表表語位于系動(dòng)詞之后，與之構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 1. be 動(dòng)詞是最常見的系動(dòng)詞，可以有多動(dòng)詞是最常見的系動(dòng)詞，可以有多 種表語。種表語。2. 表示結(jié)果表示結(jié)果 become 成為，當(dāng)成為，當(dāng)3. 表示狀況，樣子等：表示狀況，樣子等： seem, appear, look 看起來，看上去看起來，看上去4. 表示變化：表示變化： go, get, turn, fall, run, grow 變得，變成變得，變成5. 感官系動(dòng)詞表示感覺：感官系動(dòng)詞表示感覺： feel 摸起來，感覺；摸起來，感覺； smell 聞起來；聞起來； taste 嘗起來；嘗起來； sound 聽起來；聽

5、起來； look 看起來看起來6. 表示狀態(tài)：表示狀態(tài)：prove 證明是；證明是； remain 保持，仍然；保持，仍然； stay 保持，停留；保持，停留； keep 保持；保持； stand 位于；位于； lie 位于位于 充當(dāng)表語的成分有名詞、形容詞、充當(dāng)表語的成分有名詞、形容詞、副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、詞副詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、詞組、不定式、組、不定式、-ing形式、過去分詞形式、過去分詞和從句等。和從句等。Africa is a big continent. He finally became a successful pianist. Who is your best f

6、riend? She was the first to learn about it. 1. 名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞用作表語：名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞用作表語：He become a doctor.Boys are boys.Hes not the right man for the job.She seemed an ideal wife for him.名詞或名詞詞組作表語，一般用來確名詞或名詞詞組作表語，一般用來確定主語的性質(zhì)，或者表達(dá)主語的看法，定主語的性質(zhì)，或者表達(dá)主語的看法，例如：例如：Time is precious to everybody.In time of danger, he rem

7、ains calm.I feel much better today. The price sounds reasonable.They stood still, saying nothing.2. 形容詞用作表語：形容詞用作表語：形容詞作表語，用來修飾說明主語。形容詞作表語，用來修飾說明主語。e.g. the fast asleep children 熟睡的孩子們熟睡的孩子們大部分的形容詞既可以作定語，又可以大部分的形容詞既可以作定語，又可以作表語，但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語，作表語，但有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語，不能作定語，如不能作定語，如alone, afraid, alike, alert

8、(警惕的警惕的), aware (知道的，有意識的知道的，有意識的), alive, ashamed (慚愧的，羞恥的慚愧的，羞恥的), content (滿足的滿足的), unable等。但是有些這等。但是有些這一類的形容詞，在有一狀語修飾時(shí)，也一類的形容詞，在有一狀語修飾時(shí)，也能用作定語。能用作定語。 Are you there?The manager is out to dinner withthe customers.He has been away from his hometown for many years.The sun is up. 3. 副詞用作表語：副詞用作表語：4.

9、介詞（短語）用作表語：介詞（短語）用作表語：Are you on duty today?Everything is in good order.She is in good health.They appear out of breath.Its surprising that you havent met.Im so much surprised at it.They seemed disappointed at the news.Are you well prepared?5. 分詞用作表語：分詞用作表語：All I could do was to wait.His job is to f

10、eed the animals.Our aim is to hold the 2008 OlympicGames in China successful.He seemed to be very tired. 6. 不定式用作表語：不定式用作表語：that引導(dǎo)表語從句（在從句中不作句引導(dǎo)表語從句（在從句中不作句子成分，沒有意義）子成分，沒有意義）7. 從句用作表語：從句用作表語：The reason why he failed the exam is that he played too much.whether是否是否（在從句中有意義，常（在從句中有意義，常和和or not連用，不可用連用，

11、不可用if）The question is whether he will come or not.疑問代詞和疑問副詞疑問代詞和疑問副詞（在從句中作句（在從句中作句子成分，有意義）子成分，有意義）The problem is how many people will take part in the game.This is where my parents used to work.It looks as if a storm is coming. 1. Australia is made up of six states and two territories. ( )2. Austral

12、ia is a young nation on an ancient continent. ( )3. After the Second World War, Australias economy grew rapidly. ( )Tick the sentence if its underlined part is the predicative.4. Before baby kangaroos grow strong enough, they feed on their mothers milk. ( )5. When it turns cold in Northern China, th

13、e hot summer in Australia has just begun. ( )6. If you go near Koala bear, it will get very upset. ( )7. Australia keeps about one sixth of the worlds sheep. ( )8. Australia has got the biggest iron mines in the world. ( )9. The milk has been kept for too long; it has gone sour. ( )1)As a nation, Au

14、stralia has a history of only one hundred years. It _.2) Australia produces metals, precious stones, coal and iron. It _.Read the facts about Australia and write an “S-V-P” sentence to describe each subject.is a young nationis rich in natural resources3) Australia has an area as large as the USA. It

15、 _.4) Australians mostly use English as their national language. English_ _.is almost as large as the USAis the first language inAustralia5) You may find many differences between Australian English and British English. Australian English _ _.6) The Koala bear has large ears, small eyes and a big nos

16、e. It _.is different from British Englishlooks very funny / is a lovely animal7) You may often see Australians drinking beers or lemonade together. Australians _ _.8) Most Australians love outings. Outings _.are fond of drinkingbeers and lemonade togetherare popular in Australia Read through this pa

17、ragraph and underline all the predicatives. 1. A kangaroo kept getting out of his enclosure at the zoo. Knowing that he was a good jumper, the zoo authorities increased the height of the fence around him, but, the next morning, the kangaroo was out of his enclosure again. Revising useful structures

18、So the keepers solution was to build an even higher barrier. However, the next morning, the result was disappointing - the kangaroo was not in his enclosure. The authorities, being desperate, increased the height of the fence again and again and it was soon over forty metres high. A camel in the nex

19、t enclosure asked the kangaroo, “How high do you think theyll go?” The kangaroo said, “ Thats a good question. It seems to me, theyll just keep going higher until somebody remembers to shut the gate at night!” Underline the predicatives in this conversation and then practise it with a partner.2.KIM:

20、 The meat seems to be shrinking!SAM: Maybe theres too much fat in it. KIM: What can I do?SAM: Its probably the wrong kind of meat for a barbecue. The best thing is to cook it very slowly.KIM: You know, it smells strange too.SAM: Is it rotten? Lets smell. Hey! This isnt steak! KIM: So, what is it?SAM

21、: Where did you get it?KIM: It was in the bottom of the fridge.SAM: Oh, no! Thats the dogs meat!KIM: Are you sure?Ex.1 on P701. The only thing he can do is _ as far away as possible and never return. (run)2. My problem is _ someone who could fix my computer. (find)3. Her first job was _ the walls in

22、 the kitchen. (paint)runfinding / to findpainting / to paint4. You cant go that way because the bridge on highway 19 is _. (close)5. The table at the front of the room was _ for the brides family. (reserve)6. In an emergency, the most important thing is _ calm. (stay)closedreservedstaying / to stayE

23、x.2 on P701. As she watched them arguing, they _ to get more and more angry.2. Please _ in your seats until the plane stops. remain keep sound fall seem become prove begin appear be remainappeared / seemed3. I dont know why I did it but it _ a good idea at the time.4. I am sure he will _ to be an ex

24、cellent student.5. Her cough _ serious and I decided to call a doctor.seemedprovesounded6. The room _ so hot I found it difficult to stop myself _ asleep.7. Playing basketball _ an excellent way to _ fit.8. Everybody _ to be having a good time at the wedding breakfast.keepbecamefallingseemedisReview

25、復(fù)習(xí)表語：復(fù)習(xí)表語：1. 表語的定義、位置；表語的定義、位置；2. 可以用作表語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)可以用作表語的有名詞、代詞、數(shù) 詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、詞詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、詞 組、動(dòng)詞不定式、組、動(dòng)詞不定式、-ing形式、過去形式、過去 分詞和從句等。分詞和從句等。Individual activity1. It isnt socially _ for parents to leave children unattended at that age. (2007山東山東) A. accessible B. adorable C. adaptable D. acceptable2

26、. Do you need any help, Lucy? Yes, The job is _ I could do myself. (2007福建福建) A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more thanQuiz I: Multiple choice 3. This magazine is very _ with young people, who like its content and style. (2007湖北湖北) A. familiar B. popular C. similar D. particular4. T

27、he traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海上海) A. when B. why C. whether D. that5. The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. (2008天津天津) A. where B. how C. when D. why 6. Ladies and gentlemen, please remain _ until the plan

28、e has come to a complete stop. (2009四川四川) A. seated B. seating C. to seat D. seat 7. So sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape. (2009山東山東) A. did the attack B. the attack did C. was the attack D. the attack was 8. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mothe

29、r. (2009山東山東) A. where B. what C. how D. who 9. Studies show that people are more _ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours. (2010陜西陜西) A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure10. I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. T

30、hats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. (2010江蘇江蘇) A. where B. how C. when D. what Quiz II: Translation(be ) on a course (be) out of work (be) of interest (be) in ones 30s (be) with me (be) on ones hands and knees (be) at ones best (be) of help 1. 桑迪已經(jīng)失業(yè)半年桑迪已經(jīng)失業(yè)半年, 沒有能力養(yǎng)家糊口沒有能力養(yǎng)家糊口了

31、。了。2. 這是一本各類讀者都會感興趣的小說。這是一本各類讀者都會感興趣的小說。Sandy has been out of work for half a year and is unable to support his family.This is a novel that will be of interest to a wide range of readers.3. 如果我能幫上什么忙如果我能幫上什么忙, 就告訴我。就告訴我。4. 阿瑟已經(jīng)三十多歲了阿瑟已經(jīng)三十多歲了, 還沒有開始自還沒有開始自 己的事業(yè)。己的事業(yè)。Let me know if I can be of any hel

32、p to you.Arthur is already in his 30s and hasnt started a career yet.5. 下一步把這個(gè)放在機(jī)器的這個(gè)位置。下一步把這個(gè)放在機(jī)器的這個(gè)位置。你們聽明白了嗎？你們聽明白了嗎？6. 我認(rèn)為五月的頤和園是最美的。我認(rèn)為五月的頤和園是最美的。Next you put this into the machine here. Are you with me?In my opinion, the Summer Palace is at its best in May.The last time I saw him was Friday night. He was on his hands and knees searching for something in his laboratory.8. 這個(gè)月凱西一直在上縫紉課。這個(gè)月凱西一直在上縫紉課。Cathy has been on a sewing course all this month.7. 我最后一次見到他是周五晚上我最后一次見到他是周五晚上, 當(dāng)時(shí)他當(dāng)時(shí)他 正趴在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的地上在找什么東西。正趴在實(shí)驗(yàn)室的地上在找什么東西。Review the Grammar.