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1、第3部分 閱讀理解專題19 主旨大意目錄l 700分考法分考法 完美應(yīng)對完美應(yīng)對 考法1 概括文章標(biāo)題 考法2 概括文章主旨 考法3 歸納段落大意l 600分考點分考點 真題例解真題例解 Passage 1 Passage 2 題型應(yīng)考技巧 題型考法解析題型應(yīng)考技巧 技巧1 速讀文章，明確主題 技巧2 瞻首顧尾，定位中心句 技巧3 轉(zhuǎn)義概括，或取其一技巧技巧1 1 速讀文章，明確主題速讀文章，明確主題 速讀文章，抓住文章主題句或關(guān)鍵詞。考生應(yīng)抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心速讀文章，抓住文章主題句或關(guān)鍵詞?？忌鷳?yīng)抓住反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫主題詞。詞，即高頻詞，也叫主題詞。技巧技巧1 1 速讀文章，

2、明確主題速讀文章，明確主題(1)主題句的特征主題句的特征 首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時，例子或假設(shè)后面的內(nèi)容往往體現(xiàn)文章首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設(shè)時，例子或假設(shè)后面的內(nèi)容往往體現(xiàn)文章 主旨；主旨； 作者有意識地反復(fù)陳述的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一作者有意識地反復(fù)陳述的觀點，通常是主旨；反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞語，一 般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞；般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞； 段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語（如段落中出現(xiàn)表轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語（如however, but, in fact, actually等）時，等）時， 該句很可能是主題句。該句很可能是主題句。技巧技巧1 1 速讀文章，明確主題速讀文章，明確主題(2)尋找主題

3、句尋找主題句 主題句在段首主題句在段首 主題句在段首的文章結(jié)構(gòu)是先點明主題，然后圍繞這一主題進(jìn)行分析，主題句在段首的文章結(jié)構(gòu)是先點明主題，然后圍繞這一主題進(jìn)行分析， 用演繹法闡述觀點。在議論文、科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。用演繹法闡述觀點。在議論文、科技文獻(xiàn)和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。 主題句在段中主題句在段中 當(dāng)主題句被安排在段落中間時當(dāng)主題句被安排在段落中間時,通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之 陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、論證陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、論證 或展開?；蛘归_。 主

4、題句在段尾主題句在段尾 主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)主題句也會出現(xiàn)在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù), 層層推理論證，最后得出層層推理論證，最后得出 結(jié)論結(jié)論, 即段落的主題。即段落的主題。例Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America. About 160，440 Americans die each year from it. More than 87 percent of lung cancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.本段的語

5、篇結(jié)構(gòu)為：點出主題本段的語篇結(jié)構(gòu)為：點出主題圍繞圍繞主題展開陳述、論證或說明。本段主題主題展開陳述、論證或說明。本段主題句為：句為：Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America.技巧技巧2 2 瞻首顧尾，定位中心句瞻首顧尾，定位中心句 每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句話成為該段主題句的概率往往每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句話成為該段主題句的概率往往最大，將首段的中心句與各段第一句串聯(lián)在一起，一般就可以得出文章最大，將首段的中心句與各段第一句串聯(lián)在一起，一般就可以得出文章的中心思想。的中心思想。 此外，文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)也有助于定位中心句。常見

6、的結(jié)構(gòu)有按時此外，文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)也有助于定位中心句。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有按時間順序或間順序或“分述分述總說總說”結(jié)構(gòu)。按時間先后順序說明某一件事、某一理結(jié)構(gòu)。按時間先后順序說明某一件事、某一理論的發(fā)展過程的文章，主題通常在首段或末段；而采用論的發(fā)展過程的文章，主題通常在首段或末段；而采用“分述分述總說總說”結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，前幾段分別說明，末段總結(jié)，這類文章主題常在末段。結(jié)構(gòu)的文章，前幾段分別說明，末段總結(jié)，這類文章主題常在末段。例Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can

7、 cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible cancer, cigarette smoking can also cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, ca

8、ncer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?【解析】該段首先提出主題【解析】該段首先提出主題Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.然后然后展開論述，最后用展開論述，最后用smoking is harmful進(jìn)一步呼應(yīng)主題句進(jìn)一步呼應(yīng)主題句(吸煙對身體有害吸煙對身體有害)。故選故選D項。項。 DWhat is the passage mainly about?A. Ways of experimenting on smoking.B. Information about smoking.C. Smoking

9、 resulting in cancer.D. Side effects of smoking.技巧技巧3 3 轉(zhuǎn)義概括，或取其一轉(zhuǎn)義概括，或取其一 主旨大意題的答案設(shè)置分為兩類。一類是文章有一個明確的主題主旨大意題的答案設(shè)置分為兩類。一類是文章有一個明確的主題句，正確選項往往是它的同義轉(zhuǎn)述句。做這類題時，首先要找出文章句，正確選項往往是它的同義轉(zhuǎn)述句。做這類題時，首先要找出文章的主題句，這樣就明確了文章要講什么，再通讀全文，就可以把握文的主題句，這樣就明確了文章要講什么，再通讀全文，就可以把握文章的中心思想了。由于文章內(nèi)容和體裁的不同，作者的寫作手法也不章的中心思想了。由于文章內(nèi)容和體裁的不

10、同，作者的寫作手法也不盡相同，因而主題句在文章中出現(xiàn)的位置也不固定。另一類是文章中盡相同，因而主題句在文章中出現(xiàn)的位置也不固定。另一類是文章中沒有可概括全文的中心句，主題句隱含在全文當(dāng)中。閱讀這樣的文章，沒有可概括全文的中心句，主題句隱含在全文當(dāng)中。閱讀這樣的文章，要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析、概括，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨大意。要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析、概括，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨大意。例On the satellite designed by Dana, there is a radar system that would scan for and find a piece of space

11、 junk. Then, thrusters (推進(jìn)器推進(jìn)器) would change the satellites orbit so that it could chase down the object. As the satellite got close to the junk, cameras would keep it on target. At the last minute, a door that leads to a bulletproof (防彈的防彈的)container would open, and then get the junk swallowed. Fin

12、ally when the trash container was full, it would be lowered toward Earth on a kilometers-long cable and its contents released into the upper atmosphere, where the space junk would harmlessly burn up.【解析】文章首句陳述了衛(wèi)星的設(shè)計，【解析】文章首句陳述了衛(wèi)星的設(shè)計，衛(wèi)星的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)，接下來描述了推動器衛(wèi)星的雷達(dá)系統(tǒng)，接下來描述了推動器的工作情況，最后說明了垃圾容器的運的工作情況，最后說明了垃圾容器的

13、運行情況。根據(jù)對全文的分析、概括可知，行情況。根據(jù)對全文的分析、概括可知，文章主要告訴我們衛(wèi)星是怎文章主要告訴我們衛(wèi)星是怎樣運行的，故選樣運行的，故選C項。項。 CWhat is this passage mainly about?A. How space trash could be used.B. How Dana designed her satellite.C. How the satellite would work.D. How the satellite would be created.l 600分考點分考點 真題例解真題例解Passage 1Passage 2體裁：議論文體裁

14、：議論文 主題：沉默的含義及治療價值主題：沉默的含義及治療價值 詞數(shù)：詞數(shù)：325 325 建議用時：建議用時：88 The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by so

15、me cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (間隙間隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of comm

16、unicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗暗示示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, sile

17、nce is a call for reflection. 從篇章的角度看，第一段從篇章的角度看，第一段開篇點題，引出了文章要開篇點題，引出了文章要說明的話題說明的話題沉默在不沉默在不同的文化群體里代表的意同的文化群體里代表的意義也不相同。從段落的角義也不相同。從段落的角度看，該段的首尾呼應(yīng)，度看，該段的首尾呼應(yīng)，告訴我們沉默具有文化特告訴我們沉默具有文化特性，首尾兩句也是解答本性，首尾兩句也是解答本文第文第1題的關(guān)鍵信息。題的關(guān)鍵信息。 第二、三段具體介紹了不第二、三段具體介紹了不同文化背景下沉默的含義：同文化背景下沉默的含義：第二段告訴我們，在美洲第二段告訴我們，在美洲原住民、傳統(tǒng)的中國人

18、和原住民、傳統(tǒng)的中國人和泰國人的文化中，沉默是泰國人的文化中，沉默是仔細(xì)思考的表現(xiàn)；仔細(xì)思考的表現(xiàn)； 第二段最后一句點明了本第二段最后一句點明了本段的主題：沉默是呼吁對段的主題：沉默是呼吁對方作出反應(yīng)。方作出反應(yīng)。Passage 1語篇線索語篇線索課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)全國 2016D Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power

19、. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still anoth

20、er use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should r

21、ecognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from

22、 other cultures. 第三段第一句為本段的第三段第一句為本段的主題句：其他文化可能主題句：其他文化可能會以其他方式使用沉默。會以其他方式使用沉默。 第四段就護(hù)士和其他護(hù)第四段就護(hù)士和其他護(hù)理工作者如何充分利用理工作者如何充分利用不同文化背景下沉默所不同文化背景下沉默所代表的意義更好地開展代表的意義更好地開展好自己的工作提出了建好自己的工作提出了建議。該段是解答第議。該段是解答第3題題的信息所在。的信息所在。語篇線索語篇線索1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?A.It implies anger.B.It

23、 promotes friendship.C.It is culture-specific.D.It is content-based. 2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?A.The Chinese.B.The French.C.The Mexicans.D.The Russians.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了在不同文化背景下【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文主要介紹了在不同文化背景下沉默的不同內(nèi)涵。沉默的不同內(nèi)涵。1.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段首句【解析】推理判斷題。根

24、據(jù)文章第一段首句The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.以及最后兩句以及最后兩句Silence may be viewed by s o m e c u l t u r a l g r o u p s a s e x t r e m e l y uncomfortable Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary 可知可知,沉默沉默是因文化而異的。故選項。是因文化而異的。故選項。2.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句【解析】

25、細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.以及最后一句以及最后一句In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.可知，許多美洲原住民和傳統(tǒng)的中國人、可知，許多美洲原住民和傳統(tǒng)的中國人、泰國人一樣，認(rèn)為人們沉默是想呼吁仔細(xì)思考。泰國人一樣，認(rèn)為人們沉默是想呼吁仔

26、細(xì)思考。故選故選A項。項。3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.B.Break it while treating patients.C.Evaluate its harm to patients.D.Make use of its healing effects.4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Sound and SilenceB.What It Means to Be Silen

27、tC.Silence to Native AmericansD.Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold3.D 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后一句話可知，作者建議護(hù)士要理解的最后一句話可知，作者建議護(hù)士要理解沉默的治療價值，然后利用這種理解輔助沉默的治療價值，然后利用這種理解輔助護(hù)理病人。故選護(hù)理病人。故選D項。項。4.B【解析】主旨大意題。【解析】主旨大意題。 縱觀全文可以縱觀全文可以看出，作者向我們介紹了不同的文化背景看出，作者向我們介紹了不同的文化背景下沉默的意義，并提出要在現(xiàn)實生活下沉默的意義，并提出要在現(xiàn)實生活(比比如

28、護(hù)理工作如護(hù)理工作)中運用沉默來提升工作效果。中運用沉默來提升工作效果。故選故選B項。項。體裁：說明文體裁：說明文 主題：家居環(huán)境與飲食主題：家居環(huán)境與飲食 詞數(shù)：詞數(shù)：325 325 建議用時：建議用時：66 Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work fo

29、r you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan. Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious (難為情難為情) when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to

30、 eat lots of food. If your home doesnt have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness. Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm

31、colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us feel less hungry. So when its time to repaint, go blue. 第一段首句為本文的主題第一段首句為本文的主題句：你的房子可能會影響句：你的房子可能會影響你的身材。你的身材。 第一段最后一句承上啟下，第一段最后一句承上啟下，點明了本文的說明對象：點明了本文的說明對象：如何使你的房子成為你的如何使你的房子成為你的飲食計劃的一部分。飲食計劃的一部分。 第二段第一句為本段的主第二段第一句為本段的主題

32、句：拉開窗簾，打開燈。題句：拉開窗簾，打開燈。 第三段第一句為本段的主第三段第一句為本段的主題句：留意顏色，暖色會題句：留意顏色，暖色會使我們的胃口大開使我們的胃口大開。Passage 2語篇線索語篇線索課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)全國 2015B Dont forget the clockor the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories (卡卡路里路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the

33、time, and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes. And while youre at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turn on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal. Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat. We eat about

34、22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake (攝入攝入) jumps by 14 percent. And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass. 第四段第一句為本段的第四段第一句為本段的主題句：不要忘記鐘主題句：不要忘記鐘表表或收音機(jī)

35、?；蚴找魴C(jī)。 第五段第一句為本段的第五段第一句為本段的主題句：縮小盤子的尺主題句：縮小盤子的尺寸。寸。語篇線索語篇線索1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about_. A.their home comforts B. their body shape C.house buying D.healthy diets2.A home environment in blue can help people_. A.digest food better B.reduce food intake C.burn more calories

36、 D.regain their appetites【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文向我們介紹了家居環(huán)境對我們【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文向我們介紹了家居環(huán)境對我們飲食的影響，然后給出了如何通過改變房間光線、飲食的影響，然后給出了如何通過改變房間光線、墻壁的顏色、餐具的大小等來控制飲食，從而保墻壁的顏色、餐具的大小等來控制飲食，從而保持身材的建議。持身材的建議。1.B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句Your house may have an effect on your figure.（你（你的房子可能會對你的身材有影響。）和第二句的房子可能會對你的身材有影響。）和第二句

37、the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.（你設(shè)計房子的方式對你是增肥還是減肥會起作（你設(shè)計房子的方式對你是增肥還是減肥會起作用。）可以推斷文章對那些在乎身材的人尤其有用。）可以推斷文章對那些在乎身材的人尤其有幫助，故選幫助，故選B項。項。2.B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三句In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 pe

38、rcent less than those in a yellow or red room.可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在藍(lán)色房間內(nèi)吃飯的可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在藍(lán)色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人要比在黃色或紅色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人少吃人要比在黃色或紅色房間內(nèi)吃飯的人少吃33% 的的食物，故選食物，故選B項。項。3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes? A.Eat quickly. B.Play fast music. C.Use smaller spoons. D.Turn down the lights.4.What can be a suitable title for the

39、 text? A.Is Your House Making You Fat? B.Ways of Serving Dinner C.Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?3.C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第四句第四句When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake jumps by 14 percent. 可知，當(dāng)我們用大湯匙的時候，可知，當(dāng)我們用大湯匙的時候，攝入的總量要比使用小湯匙多攝入的

40、總量要比使用小湯匙多14%，所以，所以作者建議我們要想保持身材，就應(yīng)該用較作者建議我們要想保持身材，就應(yīng)該用較小的湯匙，故選小的湯匙，故選C項。項。4.A【解析】主旨大意題。文章開篇點題【解析】主旨大意題。文章開篇點題Your house may have an effect on your figure.然后從專家的角度進(jìn)一步說明然后從專家的角度進(jìn)一步說明the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off，并給那些想減肥的人士提，并給那些想減肥的人士

41、提了一些房間布置的建議，故選了一些房間布置的建議，故選A項。項。l 700分考法分考法 完美應(yīng)對完美應(yīng)對 考法1 概括文章標(biāo)題 考法2 概括文章主旨 考法3 歸納段落大意題型考法解析 主旨大意題主要考查考生對所讀材料主旨大意題主要考查考生對所讀材料(或所讀材料片斷或所讀材料片斷)中心思想或中心思想或標(biāo)題的概括。做這類題時，考生應(yīng)通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思標(biāo)題的概括。做這類題時，考生應(yīng)通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時注意文章的主題句，因為主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想，而想，同時注意文章的主題句，因為主題句表達(dá)了文章的中心思想，而其他句子均圍繞主題句展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一

42、其他句子均圍繞主題句展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句、第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但有時也位于段落中間段末句或全文末句等地方，但有時也位于段落中間(通常是第一段或最通常是第一段或最后一段的中間后一段的中間)。主旨大意題的考查形式很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、段。主旨大意題的考查形式很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、段意、中心思想等。常見的設(shè)問方式有：意、中心思想等。常見的設(shè)問方式有：考法考法1 1 概括文章標(biāo)題概括文章標(biāo)題 標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精煉表達(dá)形式。文章標(biāo)題既考查考生把握全標(biāo)題是文章中心思想的精煉表達(dá)形式。文章標(biāo)題既考查考生把握全文主題和理解中心思想的能力，又要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較文主題和理

43、解中心思想的能力，又要求考生在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運用概括、歸納、判斷等邏輯思維方法，對文章的主題和中心進(jìn)好地運用概括、歸納、判斷等邏輯思維方法，對文章的主題和中心進(jìn)行高度的概括或提煉，并迅速而準(zhǔn)確地選擇文章的標(biāo)題。行高度的概括或提煉，并迅速而準(zhǔn)確地選擇文章的標(biāo)題。例課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)全國2016C Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the web

44、site BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group. Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an a

45、dventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.” BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get

46、back to the “real” and not the virtual(虛擬).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.【解析】主旨大意題。由第三段【解析】主旨大意題。由第三段中的中的“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing c o m b i n e s b o t h . ” 可 知 ，可 知

47、 ，BookC能使人們通過能使人們通過傳遞書而產(chǎn)生交集，這一過程把傳遞書而產(chǎn)生交集，這一過程把改變?nèi)松钪匾膬蓸訓(xùn)|西改變?nèi)松钪匾膬蓸訓(xùn)|西(遇到遇到的人和閱讀的書的人和閱讀的書) 聯(lián)系在一起。聯(lián)系在一起。D項的標(biāo)題能夠涵蓋文章的中心思項的標(biāo)題能夠涵蓋文章的中心思想。故選想。故選D項。項。 D32.What is the best title for the text？A.Online Reading: A Virtual TourB.Electronic Books: A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Li

48、nks People Through Books考法考法2 2 概括文章主旨概括文章主旨 文章的主旨是通過段落來表達(dá)的，而段落的大意主要由主題句來體文章的主旨是通過段落來表達(dá)的，而段落的大意主要由主題句來體現(xiàn)，所以段落的主題句是構(gòu)成文章中心思想的有機(jī)組成部分。因此，識現(xiàn)，所以段落的主題句是構(gòu)成文章中心思想的有機(jī)組成部分。因此，識別各段落的主題句并由此歸納出文章的中心思想是解答該類題的關(guān)鍵。別各段落的主題句并由此歸納出文章的中心思想是解答該類題的關(guān)鍵。 快速閱讀文章，找出各個段落的主題句，把各個段落的主題句聯(lián)系快速閱讀文章，找出各個段落的主題句，把各個段落的主題句聯(lián)系起來并著眼全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排，就能

49、概括出文章的中心。起來并著眼全文結(jié)構(gòu)安排，就能概括出文章的中心。例課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)全國 2013A Some people will do just about anything to save money. And I am one of them. Take my familys last vacation. It was my six-year-old sons winter break from school，and we were heading home from Fort Lauderdale after a weeklong trip. The flight was overboo

50、ked, and Delta, the airline, offered us $400 per person in credits to give up our seats and leave the next day. I had meetings in New York, so I had to get back. But that didnt mean my husband and my son couldnt stay. I took my nine-month-old and took off for home. The next day, my husband and son w

51、ere offered more credits to take an even later flight. Yes, I encouragedokay, orderedthem to wait it out at the airport to “earn” more Delta Dollars. Our total take:$1,600.Not bad, huh? Now some people may think Im a bad mother and not such a great wife either. But as a big-time bargain hunter, I kn

52、ow the value of a dollar. And these days, a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up. Ive made a living looking for the best deals and exposing (揭露揭露) the worst tricks And I really do what I believe in.例課標(biāo)全國課標(biāo)全國 2013A I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys wor

53、th. Im also tight-fisted when it comes to shoes, clothes for my children, and expensive restaurants. But I wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer, and its the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.【解析】主旨大意題。文章第

54、一段的中【解析】主旨大意題。文章第一段的中心句為心句為Some people will do just about anything to save money.第三段的中心句第三段的中心句為為And these days，a good deal is something few of us can afford to pass up.第五段的中心句為第五段的中心句為I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys worth.由此可推知，本文由此可推知，本文主要講述了如何明智地花錢，即如何讓主要講述了如何明智地花

55、錢，即如何讓錢花得更值得，故選錢花得更值得，故選C項。項。 C59.What does the author want to tell us? A. How to expose bad tricks.B. How to reserve airline seats.C. How to spend money wisely.D. How to make a business deal.考法考法3 3 歸納段落大意歸納段落大意 段落大意是指一篇文章各個段落的主要意思，是對一個段落的基段落大意是指一篇文章各個段落的主要意思，是對一個段落的基本內(nèi)容的概括。概括段落大意時，一定要在把握全段或全文中心的基本

56、內(nèi)容的概括。概括段落大意時，一定要在把握全段或全文中心的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行，做到圍繞中心。段落大意要用明確、完整、簡潔的語句表礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行，做到圍繞中心。段落大意要用明確、完整、簡潔的語句表達(dá)。達(dá)。例浙江浙江2016C Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn， but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists. Why do young children and scientists

57、 seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effortthe desire to explore, explain, and understand our worldis simply something that comes from our babyhood. Perhaps evolution provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult sci

58、entists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children. The same cognitive systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists. As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientis

59、ts are big children.”【解析】主旨大意題?！窘馕觥恐髦即笠忸}。Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn, but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.是主題句，其后作者提出是主題句，其后作者提出設(shè)問設(shè)問Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike?經(jīng)過一系列論述后得出結(jié)論

60、：經(jīng)過一系列論述后得出結(jié)論：As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”可知可知選選B項。項。 B53.What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. The world may be more clearly explained through childrens play.B. Studying babiesplay may lead to a better understanding of science.C. Children may have greater ability to figure out things than scientists.D. Ones drive for scientific research may become stronger as he grows.