外文翻譯：英文原文：Coal Face transport equipment SelectionAbstract) Coal Face Selection of appropriate transport equipment or direct impact on the mining production to be normal, On the various drag conveyor、reversed loader、pick-a-back conveyorThe characteristics of，And how the application of the selection, for reference.Keyword) conveyor ;lectotype;capability; principle 1、Coal Face transport equipment SelectionTraction linked by the number and arrangement can be divided into single-scraper conveyor chain, bilateral links, double-center chain and the three links, and other four types. These bilateral links to various functions AFC Coal conditions, the use of a wider scope, the disadvantage is that there are two bilateral chain linked Shouli Bu absorbed phenomenon. Three bilateral links in the chain scraper conveyor developed on the basis of When the two chains not enough strength, an increase of a middle chain, the practice has proved that such a structure chain Shouli Bu absorbed form of the phenomenon than the bilateral chain scraper conveyor more serious, frequent Duanlian accidents, products are eliminated. Two-center chain-type compared with the bilateral links, the chain of uniform, bending performance advantages, but in the hard coal! Meikuai circumstances of the larger transportation to perform well. Small scraper conveyor single chain of more, but with the large-diameter circle in the chain, the chain increased strength, the German use of large-diameter circle of chain-linked heavy AFC, this form of chain conveyor To bear the load in the same circumstances, than the double-stranded chain of specifications to be larger.a) Scraper conveyor of the transmission capacity must be equal to or greater than Shearer or the production capacity of coal plough. But Shearer face conveyor and the productive capacity of roadway with the mining area, transport roadway and upgrade the mine's transport capacity of the infrastructure, the ability to prevent face-off, mining area or roadway and a lack of transport capacity “ Kabo Zi “phenomenon. Scraper conveyor structure and form of traction Shearer, and walk-oriented institutions! Bracket and the end of Slipper of the supporting structure;b) Scraper conveyor length of the chute and hydraulic support to match the widthc) Scraper conveyor of the chute and hydraulic support the passage of the jack and connect devices with space to match;d) Conveyor of the chute to rugged wear-resistant structure, a flexible;e) In order to reduce Duanlian accidents, linked ring in the large-diameter, high-intensity direction;f) Priority choice of two-motor-driven double-nose, to reduce the transmission size, the largest chain to reduce tension, reducing the nose and tail of the top area of control. Selection of priority short nose and short tail, but the head-and tail-in or corner of the plate should not be too large to reduce the pressure in the chain block friction loss.2、reversed loader lectotype of principle Bridge reproduced machine is actually a special structure of the heavy scraper conveyor, in the face conveyor section Pingxiang and scalable conveyor belt between the role of a reprint.a) Reprint of the transportation capacity to be slightly larger than face scraper conveyor. To this end use of increased chute section (on both sides of the chute and baffle), increase speed linked (to change the second-reducer gear transmission ratio) or shorten the distance between scraper, and other measures;b) Reprint of the gear in the nose of uniform, should be based on volume and distance to determine the size of the electrical power and the number of Taiwan. Priority should be optional single-motor drive, when the volume and greater distance, the optional dual-motor drive. Its transmission should try and face the same scraper conveyor to GM;c) Reprint of the aircraft tail and face the conveyor connected to the matching. A lap and non-overlap in two forms, regardless of what form, should ensure that face scraper conveyor nose of a certain height unloading (normally 600 ~ 700 mm), in order to avoid face-scraper conveyor Linked to the end of coal;d) Reprint of the nose are loaded walk in the small car, walking the structure and gauge car with retractable belt conveyor tail-supporting;e) Reprint of the bridge deck and the Department of retractable conveyor belt of coal by the tail of the length of the overlap should be complementary;f) Machine parts and reproduced the face scraper conveyor should do everything possible to GM, to facilitate the supply of spare parts and maintenance.3 Retractable belt conveyor of the principle of selectionScraper transport planes from the coal face, reproduced as bridge-to-trough uninstall the retractable belt conveyor, and then coal from Pingxiang transported to the section on the downhill or with the station. With the face of advancing to the section Pingxiang transport equipment to a more flexible elongate or shorten. Retractable belt conveyor is characterized by a set of certificates with its devices, this device from the temporary storage tape from the appropriate role, when the mobile tail, the reservoir with a corresponding device can be released or save a certain length of the belt.a) Mining machine with the transport section of Pingxiang general optional retractable belt conveyor, and its production capacity to match reprint machine. According to choose a suitable throughput with bandwidth and speed;b) Retractable belt conveyor for the laying of the general length of 500 ~ 1000 m-Taiwan, when a length of two series can not. Can also choose multi-driven conveyor belt, the length of up to 2000 ~ 3000 m;c) Conveyor belt transmission device generally used double-drum drive, and priority should be optional single-motor drive, to avoid the load due to the electrical transmission equipment caused by the unequal distribution of power increases. When the single-motor power shortage # optional two-or three electrical transmission;d) Storage devices with the activities of a drum, two and three (corresponding certificates with a two-tier, six and four storeys) should give priority to the simple structure of single-cylinder structure. If the reservoir with a shorter length of the warehouse, they can choose two or three roller structure;e) Tighten the structure of a device automatically tighten (adjustable tensioning force) and non-automatic tensioning device two categories, priority should be given to choose the former, to ensure that the tape is the appropriate tension;f) Transmission drum machine or a head band of anti-skid tape and driving drum 9 skid) security installations and non-security devices are to choose the former, in order to prevent the tape skid cause serious damage or excessive temperature rise caused by adhesive tape on fire Incidents. Ordinary canvas with a belt and high-strength nylon with two batteries, should try to choose the latter, to reduce the thick belt, increasing distance. Tape a general belt and fire tape, the latter should be used to prevent fires.g) Shift the tail installed with hydraulic and electric winch-and Fully-supporting, a pumping station system for emulsion priority should choose the former, no pumping station system can choose the latter;h) Retractable belt conveyor by the tail on the length of the form and structure to be reproduced with the bridge of the bridge and walk the length of the overlapping structure of the Department of match;i) Retractable plastic belt conveyor structure of the body-hanging wire rope, steel Hanging-beam steel frame and floor-variety. Type of steel wire rope hanging with little, simple equipment, suitable for floor changes, easy to water conditions, but the operation to shorten the tail relatively trouble. Steel-framed floor-simple structure, demolition of convenience, is conducive to the use and maintenance, but the fuselage large amount of steel used, the floor changes have an impact on the rack, under specific circumstances appropriate choiceCape pushing high-grade coal face in the course of mining, will often encounter some fault ramps National Chiao Tung University (H 3m)-not pushing too hard, making a face similar to the fault system between the “triangle“-shaped pillar, the pillar under the triangular Fault can be divided into the direction of “being“ triangle and the “inverted“ triangle of two. More recycling of coal resources, the inverted triangle coal-mining, are often used along the fault trend, retaining a fault-coal, transport, dig a supplementary entry, face additional transport along the roadway normal progress, but added the roadway and transport planes To retain a mining method, that is reproduced after the maintenance of mining.It is the most important feature: the direction of promoting the face of coal and reprint the opposite direction. The dig-mining technology to the maintenance of mining after another development, it mainly refers to one side of boring mining Lane added transport, mining technology is a supplement.1 After the set of maintenance and exploitation of the significance of the dug-mining applicationsThe work in front of the National Chiao Tung University inclined to expose fault, not hard-pushed the inverted triangle formed coal-mining, there are two under the conventional mining method: wear-mining and mining. --Will often result in-prone forward, the old waste pond falling keep up with all the top row, back-to bring greater difficulty and lower efficiency. When the old pond and a hanging roof suddenly falling, it will cause massive waste overturned cut the top row pillars, a spray men Zi phenomenon, to bring greater security threat. So for mining, mining face prone to a certain level will not be able to continue to promote the coal recovery rate is not high. The recovery of lower coal mining wear, can only reach 60 percent, the same need to fill the excavation, Lane added, using artillery and mining will consume a large amount of explosives, detonators high costs, risks, prevention-management is also very difficult, there More hidden dangers. By comparison, a reprint after the maintenance of mining coal mining face can guarantee the normal advance, and can increase the recovery rate, the district's high yield and high efficiency to promote the building of a higher value.Under normal circumstances, reproduced in the former mining machine after maintenance, ahead of meeting the need to add the roadway excavation and the laying of good reproduced directly to the recovery teams used, which would involve tunneling unit of energy, the occupation of certain human, material and Supporting material from consideration, construction of the tunnel boring the general-shelf support, and a steel support. In the latter role in maintaining pressure on the roadway, the steel roof will be a lot deformation, it is difficult to retracement, but can not reuse, then try the coal-mining teams from their own side tunneling transport Lane added, while maintaining a post-mining method, that is - Mining excavation techniques. Construction used hydraulic prop legs to replace the steel shelf-shelf support, a flexible support, reducing the pressure on the roadway, improve the supporting effect.2 Reprint after the maintenance of the technical requirements of mining① With the face forward, added the roadway, while retaining the support not back, on top of the alley, along the direction of the dumping Dou reservations Face the bottom of the first three rows of regular pillars.② To reduce air-side of falling coal pillars of pushing pressure, three rows of stranded in a timely manner to the use of hinged roof beam to the pillars, roof beam along the tendency to use the hinged support, a pillar of the reform may not be behind all face Top ranked.③ After the maintenance of Zhu Liang to set up, the first branch after the change, post-wear Muxie established to reduce the latter part of the pillars of the end of drilling. Reprint of the above two rows of pillars as sidewalks, width of 1. 0m, the spacing between the two groups Zhuliang to 1. 0m, most Shangyi Pai pillars and columns to file additional intensive pillars to prevent channeling rock.④ After the maintenance period to reduce the pillars of the deformation, to facilitate the work of retracement along the roadway after the maintenance of the pillars of Shangyi Pai, located at 8 m with a wood pile to strengthen support and maintenance of the roadway after the hand for cleaning up to ensure that the roadway Height of not less than 1. 6m.Development prospectsWith the coal mining life of the reduced recoverable reserves of less and less, and with the deep development, more and more complex geological conditions, 1.30, in more and more coal, therefore, how the limited resources, improve the coal recovery rate, And to resolve the To follow the more mining, will be in a very long topic, so for high-end after the maintenance of general mining and mining-excavation and mining technology provides a broad prospects for development, the promotion of a certain value中文譯文采煤工作面運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的選型及轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)邊采邊掘技術(shù)摘要)采煤工作面運(yùn)輸設(shè)備的選型恰當(dāng)與否直接影響著采面的生產(chǎn)能否正常進(jìn)行,介紹了各類刮板運(yùn)輸機(jī)、橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī) 、可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的特點(diǎn)、適用范圍及如何選型,供參考。關(guān)鍵詞：輸送機(jī)；選型；能力；原則；后維護(hù)開(kāi)采 邊采邊掘1 采面刮板運(yùn)輸機(jī)的選型按牽引鏈的數(shù)目及布置方式可將刮板輸送機(jī)分為單鏈、雙邊鏈、雙中心鏈和三鏈等四種類型。 其中雙邊鏈刮板輸送機(jī)能適應(yīng)各種煤質(zhì)條件，使用范圍較廣，缺點(diǎn)是雙邊鏈存在著兩鏈?zhǔn)芰Σ粍虻默F(xiàn)象。 三鏈?zhǔn)窃陔p邊鏈刮板輸送機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展起來(lái)的，當(dāng)兩條鏈子強(qiáng)度不夠時(shí)，中間又增加了一條鏈子，實(shí)踐證明，這種結(jié)構(gòu)形式的鏈子受力不勻的現(xiàn)象比雙邊鏈刮板輸送機(jī)更嚴(yán)重，經(jīng)常發(fā)生斷鏈?zhǔn)鹿?，屬于淘汰產(chǎn)品。雙中心鏈型與雙邊鏈型相比，有鏈?zhǔn)芰鶆?，彎曲性能好的?yōu)點(diǎn)，但在煤質(zhì)較硬!煤塊度較大的情況下運(yùn)輸效果不佳。小型刮板輸送機(jī)單鏈型較多， 但隨著大直徑圓環(huán)鏈的出現(xiàn)，鏈子強(qiáng)度提高了，德國(guó)多采用大直徑圓環(huán)鏈的單鏈重型刮板輸送，這種形式輸送機(jī)的鏈子在承受相同負(fù)荷的情況下，比雙鏈型的鏈子規(guī)格要大一些。a)刮板輸送機(jī)的輸送能力必須等于或大于采煤機(jī)或刨煤機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力。但工作面輸送機(jī)和采煤機(jī)的生產(chǎn)能力要與采區(qū)巷道、運(yùn)輸大巷以及整個(gè)礦井的運(yùn)輸提升能力相配套，以防止工作面能力過(guò)大，采區(qū)或大巷運(yùn)輸能力不夠而出現(xiàn)“卡脖子”現(xiàn)象。 刮板輸送機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式必須與采煤機(jī)的牽引力機(jī)構(gòu)、行走及導(dǎo)向機(jī)構(gòu)!底托架及滑靴結(jié)構(gòu)等相配套；b)刮板輸送機(jī)的溜槽長(zhǎng)度要與液壓支架的寬度相匹配；c) 刮板輸送機(jī)的溜槽與液壓支架的推移千斤頂?shù)倪B接裝置和配合間隙要匹配；d) 輸送機(jī)的溜槽結(jié)構(gòu)要堅(jiān)固耐磨，具有可彎曲性；e) 為了減少斷鏈?zhǔn)鹿?，圓環(huán)鏈朝著大直徑、高強(qiáng)度的方向發(fā)展；f) 優(yōu)先選用雙電機(jī)雙機(jī)頭驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，以減小傳動(dòng)裝置尺寸，降低鏈子最大張力，減小機(jī)頭和機(jī)尾的控頂面積。優(yōu)先選用短機(jī)頭和短機(jī)尾，但機(jī)頭架和機(jī)尾架中板的升角不宜過(guò)大，以減少在壓鏈塊的摩擦損失。2 橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的選型原則橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)實(shí)際上是一臺(tái)結(jié)構(gòu)特殊的重型刮板輸送機(jī)，在工作面輸送機(jī)與區(qū)段平巷可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)之間起到轉(zhuǎn)載的作用。a) 轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的輸送能力要稍大于工作面刮板輸送機(jī)。為此多采用增大溜槽斷面(在溜槽兩側(cè)加擋板)、增大鏈速( 改變減速器內(nèi)第二級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)比)或縮短刮板間距等措施；b) 轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的傳動(dòng)裝置均布在機(jī)頭，應(yīng)根據(jù)運(yùn)量和運(yùn)距大小來(lái)確定電機(jī)功率和臺(tái)數(shù)。 應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用單電機(jī)傳動(dòng)，當(dāng)運(yùn)量和運(yùn)距較大時(shí)，可選用雙電機(jī)傳動(dòng)。 其傳動(dòng)裝置應(yīng)盡量與工作面刮板輸送機(jī)相同，以便通用；c) 轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的機(jī)尾部與工作面輸送機(jī)的連接處要配套。 有搭接和非搭接兩種形式，無(wú)論采用哪種形式，都應(yīng)保證工作面刮板輸送機(jī)機(jī)頭有一定的卸載高度(一般為 600~700 )，以避免工作面刮板輸送m機(jī)機(jī)底鏈回煤；d) 轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的機(jī)頭均裝在行走小車(chē)上，行走小車(chē)的結(jié)構(gòu)及軌距應(yīng)與可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)機(jī)尾部配套；e)轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的橋身部與可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的機(jī)尾受煤部的重疊長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)配套；f) 轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的零部件與工作面刮板輸送機(jī)應(yīng)盡可能通用，以利備件供應(yīng)和維修。3 可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的選型原則由工作面刮板運(yùn)輸機(jī)的煤炭，經(jīng)橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)卸裝到順槽的可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)上，然后把煤炭從區(qū)段平巷運(yùn)到上下山或裝車(chē)站。隨著工作面的推進(jìn)，要求區(qū)段平巷運(yùn)輸設(shè)備能夠比較靈活的伸長(zhǎng)或縮短?？缮炜s膠帶輸送機(jī)的特點(diǎn)是它有一套儲(chǔ)帶裝置，這套裝置起暫時(shí)儲(chǔ)存起適量膠帶的作用，當(dāng)移動(dòng)機(jī)尾時(shí)，儲(chǔ)帶裝置可相應(yīng)地放出或儲(chǔ)存一定長(zhǎng)度的皮帶。 a)機(jī)采配合的區(qū)段平巷運(yùn)輸一般選用可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)，其生產(chǎn)能力要與轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)相匹配。 根據(jù)輸送量選擇合適的帶寬和帶速；b)可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的鋪設(shè)長(zhǎng)度一般為 500~1000m 臺(tái)，當(dāng)一臺(tái)長(zhǎng)度不夠時(shí)可串聯(lián)兩臺(tái)。 也可選用多段驅(qū)動(dòng)的膠帶輸送機(jī)，其長(zhǎng)度可達(dá)2000~3000m;c) 膠帶輸送機(jī)傳動(dòng)裝置一般采用雙滾筒傳動(dòng),且應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用單電機(jī)傳動(dòng),以避免由于多電機(jī)傳動(dòng)負(fù)荷分配不均造成設(shè)備功率增大. 當(dāng)單電機(jī)功率不足時(shí)#可選用雙或三電機(jī)傳動(dòng);d) 儲(chǔ)帶裝置的活動(dòng)滾筒有一個(gè)、兩個(gè)和 3 個(gè)(相應(yīng)儲(chǔ)帶兩層、四層和六層）應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單的單滾筒結(jié)構(gòu)。 若要求儲(chǔ)帶倉(cāng)部分長(zhǎng)度較短時(shí)，可選用兩個(gè)或 3 個(gè)滾筒結(jié)構(gòu)；e) 拉緊裝置的結(jié)構(gòu)形式有自動(dòng)拉緊（可調(diào)整拉緊力）和無(wú)自動(dòng)拉緊裝置兩類，應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用前者，以保證膠帶具有合適的拉緊力；f)傳動(dòng)滾筒或機(jī)頭部有帶防滑 9 膠帶與傳動(dòng)滾筒打滑）安全保護(hù)裝置和不帶安全保護(hù)裝置兩種，應(yīng)選擇前者，以避免由于膠帶打滑造成嚴(yán)重?fù)p壞或溫升過(guò)高而引起膠帶著火的事故。 膠帶有普通帆布帶和高強(qiáng)度尼龍芯帶兩種，應(yīng)盡量選用后者，以降低帶厚，增大運(yùn)距。膠帶有一般膠帶及防火膠帶，應(yīng)選用后者，以防火災(zāi)。g)移機(jī)尾裝置有液壓式及電動(dòng)絞車(chē)式， 與綜采配套，有泵站系統(tǒng)供乳化液者應(yīng)優(yōu)先選用前者，無(wú)泵站系統(tǒng)者可選用后者；h) 可伸縮膠帶輸送機(jī)的機(jī)尾受載部的長(zhǎng)度和結(jié)構(gòu)形式要與橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的橋身部重疊長(zhǎng)度及行走部結(jié)構(gòu)形式相匹配；i) 可伸縮膠帶式輸送機(jī)的機(jī)身結(jié)構(gòu)有鋼絲繩吊掛式、鋼梁吊掛式和鋼架落地式多種。鋼絲繩吊掛式的鋼材用量少，設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，適于底板變化、容易積水的條件，但縮短機(jī)尾的操作比較麻煩。鋼架落地式結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，拆卸方便，有利于使用和維護(hù)，但機(jī)身用鋼材量較大，底板變化對(duì)機(jī)架有影響，可根據(jù)具體情況適當(dāng)選用。高檔普采工作面推采過(guò)程中,往往會(huì)遇到一些斜交大斷層(H 3m)而無(wú)法平推硬過(guò),使得工作面與斷層之間構(gòu)成近似“三角”形煤柱,三角煤柱根據(jù)斷層的走向可分為“正”三角形和“倒”三角形兩種。為多回收煤炭資源,對(duì)于倒三角煤柱的開(kāi)采,往往采用沿?cái)鄬拥淖呦?保留出斷層煤柱,外掘一條補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷,工作面沿補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷正常推進(jìn),但對(duì)補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷及運(yùn)輸機(jī)進(jìn)行保留的一種開(kāi)采方法,即轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開(kāi)采。它的最大特點(diǎn)是:工作面推進(jìn)方向與轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)運(yùn)煤方向正好相反。而邊采邊掘技術(shù)是對(duì)后維護(hù)開(kāi)采的另一發(fā)展,它主要是指一邊開(kāi)采一邊掘進(jìn)補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷,是對(duì)回采技術(shù)的一項(xiàng)補(bǔ)充。1、 載機(jī)后維護(hù)開(kāi)采的意義及邊采邊掘的應(yīng)用對(duì)于工作面前方揭露斜交大斷層,無(wú)法平推硬過(guò)而形成倒三角煤柱開(kāi)采時(shí),常規(guī)下還有兩種開(kāi)采方法:調(diào)采及穿采。調(diào)采往往會(huì)造成工作面呈俯采推進(jìn),老塘冒落的矸石緊跟切頂排,給回柱工作帶來(lái)較大難度,降低工作效率。而且當(dāng)老塘出現(xiàn)懸頂突然垮落時(shí) ,會(huì)造成大塊矸石推倒切頂排支柱 ,出現(xiàn)噴門(mén)子現(xiàn)象 ,給安全帶來(lái)較大威脅。因此調(diào)采時(shí),工作面俯采到一定程度就不能繼續(xù)推進(jìn) ,煤炭回收率不高。而穿采煤炭回收率更低 ,最多只能達(dá)到 60 %,同樣需要先補(bǔ)掘補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷 ,并且采用炮采會(huì)消耗大量的炸藥、雷管 成本高、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大 ,通防管理難度也很大 ,存在較大的隱患。相比較而言 ,采用轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開(kāi)采既可保證回采工作面的正常推進(jìn) ,又可以提高回收率 ,對(duì)于區(qū)隊(duì)的高產(chǎn)高效建設(shè)有較高的推廣價(jià)值。一般情況下 ,在進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開(kāi)采前 ,需要提前補(bǔ)掘補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷 ,并鋪設(shè)好轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)直接交給回采區(qū)隊(duì)用 ,這會(huì)牽扯掘進(jìn)單位的精力 ,占用一定的人力 ,物力 ,而且從支護(hù)材料上考慮 ,掘進(jìn)施工的巷道一 般采用架棚支護(hù) ,屬鋼性支護(hù)。在后維護(hù)巷道壓力的作用下 ,鋼棚會(huì)大量變形 ,很難回撤 ,而且不能復(fù)用 ,于是嘗試了由采煤區(qū)隊(duì)自己邊掘進(jìn)補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷 ,邊進(jìn)行后維護(hù)開(kāi)采的方法 ,即邊采邊掘技術(shù)。施工中用單體液壓支柱代替鋼棚腿進(jìn)行架棚支護(hù) ,形成柔性支護(hù) ,減少了巷道壓力 ,提高了支護(hù)效果。 2 、轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)后維護(hù)開(kāi)采的技術(shù)要求①隨工作面推進(jìn) ,除保留補(bǔ)充運(yùn)輸巷的支護(hù)不回外 ,靠運(yùn)輸巷上方 ,沿傾鈄方向保留工作面下端頭處三排正規(guī)支柱。②為減少采空側(cè)冒落矸石對(duì)支柱的推壓力 ,及時(shí)把三排滯留的頂梁走向鉸接使用的支柱 ,改為頂梁沿傾向鉸接使用的支護(hù)方式 ,支柱的改設(shè)不得落后工作面切頂排。③后維護(hù)段柱梁的改設(shè) ,要先支后改 ,支柱要穿木鞋支設(shè) ,以減少后期支柱的鉆底量。轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)以上的兩排支柱作為人行道 ,寬度為 1. 0m ,兩組柱梁之間的間距為 1. 0m ,最上一排支柱 ,柱檔內(nèi)要加設(shè)密集支柱 ,以防止竄矸。④為減少后維護(hù)期間支柱的變形 ,給回撤工作帶來(lái)方便 ,沿后維護(hù)巷道最上一排支柱 ,每隔 8m 支設(shè)一個(gè)木垛加強(qiáng)支護(hù) ,并安專人對(duì)后維護(hù)巷道進(jìn)行清理 ,確保巷道高度不低于 1. 6m。發(fā)展前景 隨著煤礦開(kāi)采年限的減少 ,可采儲(chǔ)量越來(lái)越少 ,而隨著深部開(kāi)拓 ,地質(zhì)條件越來(lái)越復(fù)雜 ,三角煤柱也越來(lái)越多 ,因此 ,如何在有限的資源下 ,提高煤炭回收率 ,以及解決越來(lái)越多的采掘接續(xù)問(wèn)題 ,將是今后一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的話題 ,所以為高檔普采面后維護(hù)開(kāi)采及邊掘邊采技術(shù)提供了一個(gè)廣闊的發(fā)展前景 ,具有一定的推廣價(jià)值。 結(jié) 論通過(guò)這一個(gè)學(xué)期的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我不但鞏固了我以前所學(xué)的知識(shí)，而且還學(xué)了不少新的東西。相信在以后的工作中，這一個(gè)學(xué)期的設(shè)計(jì)生活將成為我寶貴的財(cái)富。大學(xué)四年,理論知識(shí)學(xué)了不少,但是真正用于實(shí)踐的很少。這造成了大多數(shù)大學(xué)生動(dòng)手能力差，解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題能力差。而大學(xué)也不是為了培養(yǎng)解題的機(jī)器。這次畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)，迫使我們自己動(dòng)手解決一個(gè)個(gè)實(shí)際問(wèn)題，是一次很好的理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合的學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會(huì)。在這當(dāng)中也確實(shí)學(xué)到了很多東西。剛開(kāi)始做得時(shí)候，最大的障礙就是不知道從哪里入手。連續(xù)好幾天，沒(méi)什么作為。自己有點(diǎn)不知所措。通過(guò)王老師和同學(xué)們的幫助及對(duì)校園網(wǎng)圖書(shū)館里論文的搜索給了我很大啟發(fā)。在轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)總體方案的確定過(guò)程中，查閱了相關(guān)的資料，了解了國(guó)內(nèi)外轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的種類和發(fā)展，以及國(guó)內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的發(fā)展前景。通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)，了解了關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)名詞的意思，明確了轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的組成、整機(jī)的性能、參數(shù)及各個(gè)部分的功能、結(jié)構(gòu)。在對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)中，進(jìn)行了電機(jī)和液力耦合器的選型，鏈環(huán)、鏈輪、刮板的選型和尺寸計(jì)算，并進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核。通過(guò)機(jī)械部分的設(shè)計(jì)，系統(tǒng)的回顧了大學(xué)所學(xué)的知識(shí)。學(xué)會(huì)如何充分利用身邊資源，通過(guò)圖書(shū)館、因特網(wǎng)查閱所需要的信息，而且學(xué)會(huì)了機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)的一般步驟，提高了分析問(wèn)題解決問(wèn)題的能力。同時(shí)養(yǎng)成了吃苦耐勞的精神，學(xué)會(huì)了很多東西，更重要的是經(jīng)歷了人生中非常有價(jià)值的鍛煉?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)，這次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)給我?guī)?lái)了很大的收獲，也為以后的工作打下了一定的基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)我們無(wú)疑是一次很好的鍛煉。同時(shí)，我覺(jué)得這不僅是對(duì)我四年所學(xué)知識(shí)的一種回顧，更是學(xué)會(huì)了一種設(shè)計(jì)的思路，解決問(wèn)題的方法，還有就是處事的態(tài)度：不能浮躁，要沉下心，耐心去做。