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Unit 4 (時(shí)間：40分鐘　滿分：45分) Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．I will be away for at least a year；I would appreciate________from you now and then，________me how everyone is getting along. A．hearing；tell B．to hear；tell C．hearing；telling D．to hear；to tell 答案　C　[考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式。appreciate后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語；第二空為現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。句意：我要離開至少一年的時(shí)間，時(shí)不時(shí)收到你的信告訴我大家的現(xiàn)狀，我會(huì)很高興的。] 2．This special school accepts all disabled students，________educational level and background. A．a(chǎn)ccording to B．regardless of C．in addition to D．in terms of 答案　B　[考查介詞短語的辨析。according to根據(jù)；regardless of 不管；不顧；in addition to除……之外；in terms of 就……而言。句意：這家特校接受所有殘疾的學(xué)生，不管他們的教育水平和背景。 ] 3．Steps must be taken________this kind of disaster will never happen again.(2012山東諸城市高三月考) A．because B．even if C．so that D．a(chǎn)s 答案　C　[考查狀語從句的連接詞。so that 以便于；為了，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，復(fù)合句意及句子結(jié)構(gòu)，故C項(xiàng)正確。句意：必須采取措施以避免這種災(zāi)難不再發(fā)生。because因?yàn)?，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句；even if 即使，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；as因?yàn)?；由于，引?dǎo)原因狀語從句。] 4．—Why dont we choose that road to save time? —The bridge to it________. A．has repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．will be repaired 答案　C　[考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。由語境可知，橋還在修理中，故用進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。句意：——我們?yōu)槭裁床蛔吣菞l路以節(jié)約時(shí)間呢？——通往那條路的橋還在修理中。] 5．In the last few years thousands of films________all over the world. A．have produced B．have been produced C．a(chǎn)re producing D．a(chǎn)re being produced 答案　B　[考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。由時(shí)間狀語in the last few years可知，空格處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且films 與produce 之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。句意：在過去的幾年里，全世界共制作了數(shù)千部電影。] 6．The conference has been held to discuss the________of the Japans nuclear radiation on peoples lives in this area. A．effects B．concern C．protection D．a(chǎn)ttitudes 答案　A　[考查名詞詞義辨析。effect 影響；結(jié)果；concern關(guān)心；擔(dān)心；protection保護(hù)；attitude態(tài)度。the effect on sth 對(duì)……的影響。句意：舉行了一次會(huì)議來討論日本的核輻射對(duì)這一地區(qū)人們的生活的影響。] 7．Many wild animals________，so we must take measures to protect them.(2012山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三模擬) A．a(chǎn)re dying out B．have died out C．died out D．die out 答案　A　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。die out滅絕。由so we must take measures to protect them可知A項(xiàng)正確。句意：許多野生動(dòng)物正在滅絕，因此，我們必須采取措施來保護(hù)它們。] 8．According to the record reports, one of the rare animals，________crocodile is in________danger of dying out. A．a(chǎn); the B．/ ；as C．/ ; the D．the ; / 答案　D　[考查語境中冠詞的用法?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)前可以加a/an /the來表達(dá)泛指概念；in danger of 有……的危險(xiǎn)，為短語搭配形式，danger前不加冠詞，故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：根據(jù)調(diào)查報(bào)告顯示，鱷魚正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。] 9．Many developing countries are unwilling to pursue their economic development________destroying the environment despite there being several financial crises. (2012江蘇淮安高三調(diào)研) A．a(chǎn)t the risk of B．a(chǎn)t the cost of C．a(chǎn)t the end of D．a(chǎn)t the mercy of 答案　B　[考查介詞短語的辨析。at the risk of 冒著……的危險(xiǎn)；at the cost of 以……為代價(jià)；at the end of在……的末端/盡頭；at the mercy of聽?wèi){……的處置。句意：盡管存在金融危機(jī)，但許多發(fā)展中國(guó)家并不愿意以破壞環(huán)境為代價(jià)來追求經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。] 10．Good dietary sources of calcium should________leafy green vegetables, fish，yogurt, tofu and breakfast cereals(谷類食物)． A．contain B．possess C．share D．include 答案　D　[考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。contain包含，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語是主語的組成部分；possess擁有；share 分享；include包含；包括……在內(nèi)。由語境可知D項(xiàng)正確。句意：良好的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)中鈣的來源主要包括綠葉蔬菜、魚、酸奶、豆腐及適合早餐的谷類食物。] 11．—What is that noise? —Oh, I forgot to tell you that the new machine________.(2012安徽百校論壇高三聯(lián)考) A．was tested B．will be tested C．has been tested D．is being tested 答案　D　[考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。由What is that noise？可知某一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故D項(xiàng)正確。句意：——什么聲？——噢，我忘記告訴你了，那臺(tái)新機(jī)器正在檢測(cè)。] 12．________moment he saw Zhao Benshans funny performances, he burst into________ laughter.(2012浙江學(xué)軍中學(xué)高三模擬) A．A；/ B．A；the C．The；/ D．The; a 答案　C　[考查語境中冠詞的用法。the moment＋句子，表示“一……就……”；burst into laughter 突然大笑起來。句意：他一看到趙本山滑稽的表演就大笑起來。] 13．Always remember that your own decision________is more important than anything else. A．to succeed B．succeeding C．having succeeded D．succeeded 答案　A　[考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式作后置定語。不定式作定語表示該動(dòng)作還沒有發(fā)生；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過去分詞作定語則表示動(dòng)作的完成。由語境可知A項(xiàng)正確。句意：永遠(yuǎn)牢記你要成功的決定比其它任何東西都重要。] 14．It was not what he said but________he said it that made me surprised. A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which 答案　A　[考查名詞way 的用法。the way 表示“……的方式”且后接定語從句時(shí)從句的引導(dǎo)詞有三種形式，即：in which，that 或什么也不加，由此可知A 項(xiàng)正確。句意：使我吃驚的不是他說的話而是他說話的方式。] 15．________in volunteering work，the couple lead a busy and rich life they retired. A．Employing B．Employed C．To employ D．Being employed 答案　B　[考查動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式做狀語。be employed in doing sth 忙于干某事，作狀語時(shí)去掉be動(dòng)詞。句意：由于忙于做志愿工作，那對(duì)夫婦退休后過著忙碌而充實(shí)的生活。] Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分) You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes break between classes.But when the bell for the next class rings，you cant __16__ how quickly time has passed. If you are familiar with this __17__，youll know how time flies when you are having fun and __18__ when you are bored.Now scientists have __19__ a reason why this is the case. Scans have shown that patterns of activity in the brain __20__ according to how we focus on a task.When we are __21__，we concentrate more on how time is passing.And this makes us __22__ the clock is ticking more slowly. In an experiment __23__ by a French laboratory,12 volunteers watched an image __24__ researchers monitored their brain activity. The volunteers were told to __25__ concentrate on how long an image appeared，then __26__ the color of the image，and third，study both the duration and the color.The results showed that the __27__ was more active when the volunteers paid attention to __28__ subjects. It is thought that if the brain is __29__ focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to __30__ its resources，and pays less attention to the clock.__31__，time really passes without us __32__ it，and seems to go quickly.If the brain is not so active，it concentrates its __33__ energies on monitoring the passing of time.__34__，time seems to drag.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Next time you feel bored __35__，perhaps you should pay more attention to what the teacher is saying! 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文講述了為什么有時(shí)我們感覺一節(jié)課時(shí)間過得很快，有時(shí)過得很慢，這主要是因?yàn)槿说拇竽X對(duì)于一個(gè)任務(wù)的專注程度不同。當(dāng)大腦專注于一個(gè)任務(wù)的多個(gè)方面時(shí)，它的精力就會(huì)被分散，因而就轉(zhuǎn)移了對(duì)時(shí)間的注意。 16．A.guess B．learn C．believe D．doubt 答案　C　[考查語境與動(dòng)詞的辨析。課間十分鐘玩得很開心，時(shí)間在不知不覺中就過去了。此處用cant believe表示對(duì)這段時(shí)間飛快流逝的驚訝與感嘆。] 17．A.view B．point C．scene D．experience 答案　C　[考查語境與名詞的辨析。上文提到的是一種特定的心理場(chǎng)面，而不是人所經(jīng)歷的某一件具體的事情，故此處表示如果你對(duì)這個(gè)場(chǎng)景熟悉的話。scene意為“情景，場(chǎng)面”。] 18．A.drags B．stops C．backs D．gains 答案　A　[考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第二段的解釋可得知答案。也可從此處與前面相同的結(jié)構(gòu)推出答案。drag“過得很慢，拖沓地進(jìn)行”。] 19．A.thought over B．made up C．came out D．come up with 答案　D　[考查動(dòng)詞短語的辨析。think over意為“仔細(xì)考慮”；make up意為“組成”；come out意為“出現(xiàn)，露出”；come up with意為“找到，提出”?？茖W(xué)家是以實(shí)驗(yàn)為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行研究而給出的一種解釋。] 20．A.change B．develop C．grow D．slow 答案　A　[考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系下文的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，當(dāng)人的大腦集中于一個(gè)任務(wù)的多個(gè)方面時(shí)，就變得比較活躍，反之，則變得不那么活躍。所以當(dāng)大腦所注意的任務(wù)不同時(shí)，大腦的活動(dòng)狀態(tài)是不一樣的。故A項(xiàng)符合題意。] 21．A.sleepy B．bored C．excited D．a(chǎn)ctive 答案　B　[考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系上下文可知，人在比較厭煩或感到無事可做的時(shí)候，才感覺時(shí)間過得很慢。] 22．A.report B．think C．decide D．see 答案　B　[考查生活常識(shí)。時(shí)間過得很慢只是人的主觀感受。] 23．A.produced B．carried C．tried D．performed 答案　D　[考查語境與動(dòng)詞搭配?？瞻滋幩钡脑~作定語，應(yīng)與前面的experiment構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，結(jié)合下文進(jìn)行的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，只有D項(xiàng)符合。B項(xiàng)若為carried out也是正確答案。] 24．A.so B．when C．while D．but 答案　C　[考查語境與邏輯關(guān)系，此處用while強(qiáng)調(diào)在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中，被實(shí)驗(yàn)者與研究人員的任務(wù)對(duì)比關(guān)系。] 25．A.partly B．quickly C．slowly D．first 答案　D　[考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)后面的“then...third”可得知答案。] 26．A.remember B．focus on C．forget D．tell apart 答案　B　[考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)下文第29空后的解釋可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是讓大腦不停地專注于一個(gè)任務(wù)的多個(gè)方面。] 27．A.researchers B．experiment C．clock D．brain 答案　D　[考查語境。此處指被研究人員的大腦思維比較活躍。] 28．A.much B．many C．less D．more 答案　D　[考查上下文的語境。結(jié)合上文的實(shí)驗(yàn)可知，研究人員是讓實(shí)驗(yàn)者的大腦專注于一個(gè)任務(wù)的多個(gè)方面。由上文中的“brain was more active”中的more可知，答案為D。] 29．A.busy B．likely C．ready D．sure 答案　A　[考查語境與固定短語搭配。be busy doing...意為“忙于……”，為固定搭配；be likely to do...意為“可能做……”；be ready to。] 30．A.focus B．gather C．reach D．spread 答案　D　[考查上下文的語境。聯(lián)系上下文可知，當(dāng)大腦專注于一個(gè)任務(wù)的多個(gè)方面時(shí)，它的精力就會(huì)被分散，因而就轉(zhuǎn)移了對(duì)時(shí)間的注意。spread意為“使分散，使分布”，符合題意。] 31．A.However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Finally 答案　C　[考查語境。此處是上述實(shí)驗(yàn)所得出的一個(gè)結(jié)論。] 32．A.recognizing B．watching C．noticing D．counting 答案　C　[考查上下文的語境。根據(jù)此處的語境可知，此處是指不管我們有沒有注意時(shí)間，時(shí)間都在流逝。] 33．A.enough B．full C．right D．proper 答案　B　[考查語境與形容詞的辨析。right和proper意為“正確的，恰當(dāng)?shù)摹保x，可排除；enough意為“足夠的”，上下文沒有相應(yīng)的語境，可排除；full意為“最大量的，盡量多的”，符合語境。如果大腦不太活躍的話，就會(huì)把大量的精力集中在計(jì)算時(shí)間的流逝上。] 34．A.In fact B．As a result C．For example D．Instead of 答案　B　[考查上下文的語境。本句是根據(jù)前面的分析得出的結(jié)論。] 35．A.in class B．with work C．in mind D．of lessons 答案　A　[考查上下文的語境。本句與文章第一段相對(duì)應(yīng)，是對(duì)第一段在課堂上出現(xiàn)的問題的一種解決方法。另外，根據(jù)文章最后一句也可得出答案。] Ⅲ.閱讀理解(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分) A recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的 )species. The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard University when they were examing the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant. Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compated them with DNA from modern elephants. They found their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths. The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The_divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists. There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species. Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However，the proof lay in the analysis of the DNA. Alfried Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two difficult units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants have been distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(優(yōu)先)for conservation purposes.” 【解題導(dǎo)語】 本文為說明文。最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明非洲大象被分為兩種截然不同的物種。 36．One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________. A．the Asian elephant B．the forest elephant C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant 答案　D　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons...可知答案為D。] 37．The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 means“________”． A．evolution B．exhibition C．separation D．examination 答案　C　[詞義猜測(cè)題。前面一句講到了這兩種大象分離成不同的物種已有數(shù)百萬年了，由此可判斷divergence在此是“分離”之意。] 38．The researchers conclusion was based on a study of the African elephants________. A．DNA B．height C．weight D．population 答案　A　[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知研究人員的結(jié)論是在檢測(cè)非洲大象DNA的基礎(chǔ)上得出來的。] 39．What are Alfred Rocas words mainly about? A．The conservation of African elephant. B．The purpose of studying African elephant. C．The way to divide African elephants into two units. D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants. 答案　A　[推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知Alfred Roca的話主要講的是對(duì)不同的非洲大象要分別采取不同的保護(hù)措施。] 40．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．Naturalist Beliefs about Elephants B．Amazing Experiments about Elephants C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D．A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants 答案　C　[主旨大意題。根據(jù)本文的主題句(第一段)可知選C。] 寫作素材集錦 單詞 break間歇，休息 句子 It is thought that if the brain is busy focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to spread its resources，and pays less attention to the clock. 據(jù)說如果人的大腦總忙于集中在一個(gè)任務(wù)的多個(gè)方面，它就不得不分散它的資源，這樣對(duì)時(shí)間的關(guān)注就變少了。 8