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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破九 并列句和復(fù)合句 真題試做 1．(xx山東高考，25)It doesnt matter ______ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. A．how　　　 B．whether　　 C．what　　　 D．why 2．(xx山東高考，27)He smiled politely ______Mary apologized for her drunken friends. A．a(chǎn)s B．if C．unless D．though 3．(xx山東高考，23)Find ways to praise your children often，______ youll find they will open their hearts to you. A．till B．or C．a(chǎn)nd D．but 4．(xx山東高考，26)Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is ______ he never finishes anything. A．that B．when C．where D．why 5．(xx山東高考，32)The old town has narrow streets and small houses ______ are built close to each other. A．they B．where C．what D．that 6．(xx山東高考，26)Before the sales start，I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the ing season. A．why B．what C．how D．which 考向分析 從近幾年高考試題可以看出，對(duì)于并列句和復(fù)合句的考查主要集中在以下幾個(gè)方面： 1．考查并列句中and，but，or等連詞的選用，表示原因的for與從屬連詞because，since的區(qū)別，以及when和while作為并列連詞的用法，做題時(shí)一定要明確前后句的邏輯關(guān)系和語(yǔ)境意義。 2．考查名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用，區(qū)分what，that，whever，whether，if等連接代詞和連接副詞的語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。尤其是把名詞性從句與定語(yǔ)從句放在一起進(jìn)行綜合考查，增加了試題的難度。 3．考查定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用，重點(diǎn)是關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的辨別，以及“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其中對(duì)as，which，whose用法的考查呈上升趨勢(shì)。定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的綜合考查也是考查的熱點(diǎn)。另外還要特別注意以下兩種定語(yǔ)從句： (1) 以抽象地點(diǎn)名詞 (mark，situation，case，point，scene，business等)和抽象時(shí)間名詞 (occasion等)作先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系詞的使用。 (2)“隔離型”定語(yǔ)從句。即運(yùn)用插入語(yǔ)、介詞或副詞短語(yǔ)等手段使先行詞遠(yuǎn)離關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，以達(dá)到增加試題難度的效果。 4．考查狀語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選用，其中時(shí)間、條件、地點(diǎn)、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句是考查的重點(diǎn)。一定要把握主句、從句間的語(yǔ)意及邏輯關(guān)系，注意區(qū)分不同從屬連詞的語(yǔ)義功能和語(yǔ)法功能。 熱點(diǎn)例析 考點(diǎn)一：but，while，however的區(qū)別 but表示意義的轉(zhuǎn)折；while既表示轉(zhuǎn)折又表示對(duì)比；however為表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義的副詞，常用逗號(hào)與句子其他部分隔開(kāi)。 I like football，while my sister likes basketball. She has difficulty in learning English；however，she works hard and is making rapid progress. 【典例分析】 (xx全國(guó)高考Ⅰ，25)—Someone wants you on the phone. —______ nobody knows I am here. A．Although　　　　　　　 B．And C．But D．So 答案為C項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意可知前后兩句明顯為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此選C項(xiàng)。句意：——有人給你打電話?！墒菦](méi)有人知道我在這兒。 (xx四川高考，4)At school，some students are active______some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another. A．while B．a(chǎn)lthough C．so D．a(chǎn)s 答案為A項(xiàng)。句意：在學(xué)校里，有些學(xué)生很積極，然而有些很害羞。但他們彼此都可能成為好朋友。while用作并列連詞時(shí)表示轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比，意為“然而”，符合句意。 考點(diǎn)二：“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”句型 在該句型中，前面的祈使句表示了條件，后面的陳述句表示了結(jié)果。如果前后句表示順延意義，中間的連詞用and，相當(dāng)于“if條件狀語(yǔ)從句＋主句”；如果前、后句表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義，中間的連詞用or，相當(dāng)于“否定的if條件狀語(yǔ)從句＋主句”。如： Work hard and you will succeed.(If you work hard，you will succeed.) Hurry up，or well be late.(If we dont hurry up，well be late.) 在上面的句型中，有時(shí)前面的祈使句可省略為名詞詞組。如： One more word and I will beat you. 【典例分析】 (xx遼寧高考，31)Bring the flowers into a warm room ______ theyll soon open. A．or B．a(chǎn)nd C．but D．for 答案為B項(xiàng)。該題為“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”句型。根據(jù)題意判斷前后句為順承關(guān)系，所以選連詞and。 考點(diǎn)三：并列連詞when和for的用法 1．when可用作并列連詞，表示“就在這時(shí)；就在那時(shí)(突然發(fā)生了某事)”。如： We were ready to rush away，when the snake moved. 2．for可用作并列連詞，表示補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的原因。如： We had better stay at home，for it was raining. 【典例分析】 (xx浙江高考，4)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekendaway ______ my daughter heard cries for help. A．a(chǎn)fter B．while C．since D．when 答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：有一個(gè)星期五，我們正在收拾行李去度周末，這時(shí)我的女兒聽(tīng)到求救聲。be doing...when...表示“正在做某事，這時(shí)(突然)……”。 考點(diǎn)四：主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1．連接代詞who，whose，which，what，whoever，whichever，whatever等有意義，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，尤其要注意what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)。如： What he wants to tell us is not clear. Who will win the match is still unknown. 2．連接副詞when，where，why，how等有意義，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如： Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 3．連詞that，whether(不用if)無(wú)意義或意義不完整，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。如： That he will e and help you is certain. Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 4．what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)為連接代詞，有意義，表示“……的東西；……的事情”，既起引導(dǎo)作用，又在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)；that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)為連詞，無(wú)意義，只起引導(dǎo)作用，不在從句中作成分，但不可省略。 【典例分析】 (xx上海高考，38) —Weve only got this small bookcase.Will that do? —No，______ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A．who B．that C．what D．which 答案為C項(xiàng)。分析句子成分可知，is之前為主語(yǔ)從句，從句中am looking for缺少賓語(yǔ)，故選what表示“……的東西”。句意：——我們只有這個(gè)小書(shū)櫥了，這可以嗎？——不行，我要找的是大一點(diǎn)而且再結(jié)實(shí)一點(diǎn)的東西。 (xx天津高考，9)It doesnt matter ______ you turn right or left at the crossing — both roads lead to the park. A．whether B．how C．if D．when 答案為A項(xiàng)。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐還是向左拐都無(wú)所謂，兩條路都通向那個(gè)公園。根據(jù)句中的or判斷應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，構(gòu)成whether...or...結(jié)構(gòu)表示選擇關(guān)系。該句中It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是whether you turn right or left at the crossing。 (xx江西高考，25)It suddenly occurred to him ______ he had left his keys in the office. A．whether B．where C．which D．that 答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：他突然想起他把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句在從句中不作成分，但不能省略。 考點(diǎn)五：表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1．連接代詞who，whose，what，which等有意義，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等。如： Thats just what I want. The question is who will be the next president of France. 2．連接副詞when，where，why，how等有意義，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如： This is where our problem lies. That is why he didnt e to the meeting. 3．連詞that，whether (不用if)，as if，as though無(wú)意義或意義不完整，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。如： The problem is that they cant get here early enough. The point is whether we should lend him the money. It looks as if its going to rain. 【典例分析】 (xx陜西高考，15)Id like to start my own business—thats ______ Id do if I had the money. A．why B．when C．which D．what 答案為D項(xiàng)。thats后面的表語(yǔ)從句不完整，do缺少賓語(yǔ)，可排除連接副詞why和when；which意為“哪一個(gè)”，不合句意；答案為D項(xiàng)，what Id do意為“我要做的事情”。 (xx江蘇高考，35)—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —Thats______I dont agree.You should have a more active life. A．where B．how C．when D．what 答案為A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)，由where引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。句意：那就是我不同意之處。 考點(diǎn)六：賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1．連接代詞who，whom，whose，which，what，whoever，whomever，whichever，whatever等有意義，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等，what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在近幾年高考試題中考查的頻率最高。如： In ones own home one can do what one likes. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 【典例分析】 (xx福建高考，35)We promise ______ attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever 答案為C項(xiàng)。promise sb.sth.意為“向某人承諾某事”，此處指的是向參加聚會(huì)的任何人提供一個(gè)和電影明星合影的機(jī)會(huì)，所以應(yīng)選whoever引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who。 (xx陜西高考，20)As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. A．whatever B．whichever C．whenever D．wherever 答案為B項(xiàng)。whatever意為“無(wú)論什么”；whichever意為“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”；whenever意為“無(wú)論何時(shí)”；wherever意為“無(wú)論何處”。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填部分在句中作主語(yǔ)，且根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。句意：提供的課程多達(dá)五種，你可以選擇最適合你的任意一種。 2．連接副詞when，where，why，how等有意義，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。如： Do you know where the accident happened? She always thinks of how she can work well. 【典例分析】 (xx全國(guó)高考Ⅱ，10)Have you finished the book? —No.Ive read up to ______ the children discover the secret cave. A．which B．what C．that D．where 答案為D項(xiàng)。“______ the children discover the secret cave”在句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，由于從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，可排除A、B項(xiàng)的連接代詞；根據(jù)句意判斷，所選的詞應(yīng)該在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故選where，表示“我讀到孩子們發(fā)現(xiàn)神秘山洞的地方了”。 (xx四川高考，17)Scientists study______human brains work to make puters. A．when B．how C．that D．whether 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：科學(xué)家通過(guò)研究人類大腦是如何運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)制造出電腦的。該句中說(shuō)明的是大腦運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的方式，因此應(yīng)選how引導(dǎo)該賓語(yǔ)從句。 3．連詞that，whether，if無(wú)意義或意義不完整，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。與or not連用常用whether，而不用if；作介詞賓語(yǔ)要用whether不能用if；從句是否定句時(shí)一般用if引導(dǎo)。如： Everything depends on whether we have enough money. He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day. 【典例分析】 (xx北京高考，24)Jerry did not regret giving the ment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. A．why B．how C．that D．whether 答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：杰瑞不后悔作出評(píng)論，但他覺(jué)得他本可以用另一種方式表達(dá)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填部分在句中引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句中不需要成分和意義，所以選C項(xiàng)。 考點(diǎn)七：同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1．同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact，idea，truth，hope，wish，problem，question，information，news，belief，thought，doubt，message，order，promise，word，evidence，reply，answer，possibility，advice，suggestion，proposal，demand，request等名詞后面，對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋說(shuō)明，通常指的是前面名詞的內(nèi)容或含義。 2．同位語(yǔ)從句大多由that引導(dǎo)，也可以由when，where，how，whether等引導(dǎo)。近幾年主要考查的是that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。 He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 3．引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that只起引導(dǎo)作用，無(wú)意義也不在從句中作成分，但一般不可省略；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that既起引導(dǎo)作用，又在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，本身含有先行詞的意義，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷浴Ｈ纾? The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong.(同位語(yǔ)從句。that在從句中不作成分，從句說(shuō)明了idea的內(nèi)容。) The idea (that) you put forward at the meeting is wrong.(定語(yǔ)從句。that含有idea的意思，在從句中作put forward 的賓語(yǔ)。) (xx江蘇高考，27)The notice came around two in the afternoon ______ the meeting would be postponed. A．when B．that C．whether D．how 答案為B項(xiàng)?？蘸蟮木湟庹f(shuō)明了通知的內(nèi)容，所以選擇的是notice后面同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，由于從句意義完整，不需要句子成分，所以應(yīng)選連詞that。 (xx浙江高考，4)I made a promise to myself ______ this year，my first year in high school，would be different. A．whether B．what C．that D．how 答案為C項(xiàng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that在此處引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容。that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，無(wú)意義也不作成分，但不可省略。 考點(diǎn)八：定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1．關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，which，that，as可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。近幾年對(duì)which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句考查頻率最高，對(duì)whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的考查也很常見(jiàn)。 (1) who指人，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，可引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如： He is a man who never leaves todays work till tomorrow. (2)whom指人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，可以用who代替或省略，當(dāng)前面有介詞時(shí)，不能用who代替且不能省略。可引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如： Here is Mr.Smith，whom/who youve been expecting to meet. (3)whose可指人或物，在從句中作定語(yǔ)，可引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如： I live in a room whose window faces south. (4)which指物，可引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)?？墒÷裕懊嬗薪樵~時(shí)不省略。如： I have read the book A Tale of Two Cities，which was written by Charles Dickens. This is the question about which weve had so much discussion. (5)that可指人或物，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略且前面不能有介詞，只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如： The bag that lies on the ground is hers. The old man that I visited yesterday is my teacher. (6)as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在從句中可作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，主要用于such...as和the same...as句型；也可單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾整個(gè)主句，并可置于主句之前。如： He was strongly against the idea，as/which could be expected. As we all know，the earth travels around the sun. (7)當(dāng)先行詞為指物的不定代詞或先行詞由最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞、only，last，very所修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句只能由that來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 (8)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如： Look at the girl and the dog that are crossing the street. 當(dāng)主句是以which，where，who引導(dǎo)的特殊問(wèn)句時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)或產(chǎn)生歧義，定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞或副詞一般用that而不用which，where，who。如： Who is the boy that is playing the piano? (xx江蘇高考，22)After the flooding，people were suffering in that area，______ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive. A．which B．who C．where D．what 答案為B項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意判斷，需要純凈水、藥品和帳篷的是“人”，所以該定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞是people，故選who引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)。 (xx天津高考，7)I wish to thank Professor Smith，without ______ help I would never have got this far. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：我想感謝史密斯教授，沒(méi)有他的幫助，我不可能取得這么大的成就。whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾Professor Smith，并在從句中作定語(yǔ)修飾help。 (xx全國(guó)高考Ⅱ，8)That evening，______ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late. A．that B．which C．what D．when 答案為B項(xiàng)。that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可排除A項(xiàng)；what不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，可排除C項(xiàng)；從句中的about缺少賓語(yǔ)，因此排除關(guān)系副詞when，而選which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作賓語(yǔ)。 2．關(guān)系副詞when，where，why可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 (1)當(dāng)先行詞是表示時(shí)間的名詞，從句中需要時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用when，但從句中需要主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that或which。如： I cant remember the date when he went abroad. Do you still remember the time (that/which)we spent together? (2)當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，從句中需要地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用where，但從句中需要主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that或which。如： They will fly to Kunming，where they plan to stay for two days，and then go to Guilin. Beijing is the place (that/which)I want to visit most. (3)當(dāng)先行詞是reason，從句中需要原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用why，但從句中需要主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用that或which。如： I dont know the reason why he was late. No one believes the reason (that/which)he gave us. 【典例分析】(xx浙江高考，9)We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A．why B．when C．to whom D．on which 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：我們生活在這樣一個(gè)時(shí)代，在這個(gè)時(shí)代，與以前相比，更多的信息能更輕而易舉地獲得。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾an age，并在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 (xx重慶高考，29)Sales director is a position ______ munication ability is just as important as sales skills. A．which B．that C．when D．where 答案為D項(xiàng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知position后面接定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，因此，應(yīng)選where來(lái)引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句，表示“在這個(gè)職位上”。 句意：銷售總監(jiān)是一個(gè)交際能力和銷售技巧同等重要的職位。 3．“介詞＋which/whom”可引導(dǎo)限制性或非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 (1)當(dāng)先行詞是表示物的名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可由“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)；當(dāng)先行詞是表示人的名詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可由“介詞＋whom”引導(dǎo)。如： Is this the school in which you study? I have met the teacher with whom you just talked about your son. (2)選擇介詞時(shí)，首先考慮從句中的短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該搭配什么介詞，其次考慮用什么介詞才使從句符合句意和邏輯。 (3)介詞可以置于which或whom之前，但不可置于that，who或as之前。 【典例分析】 (xx湖南高考，34)Care of the soul is a gradual process ______ even the small details of life should be considered. A．what B．in what C．which D．in which 答案為D項(xiàng)。句意：心靈關(guān)愛(ài)是一個(gè)逐漸的過(guò)程，在此過(guò)程中一些生活細(xì)節(jié)都應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮到。process后面接定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在句中應(yīng)作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用in which來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 (xx四川高考，13)In our class there are 46 students，______ half wear glasses. A．in whom B．in them C．of whom D．of them 答案為C項(xiàng)。前后兩句話之間無(wú)連詞，不能選用帶有them的選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意判斷，“一半的學(xué)生”為half of the students，所以應(yīng)用of表示所屬關(guān)系，即用of whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們班共有46名學(xué)生，其中有一半戴眼鏡。 4．當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句先行詞是the way時(shí)，如從句中不缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用that，in which或省略引導(dǎo)詞；如從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，則引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)用that或which，引導(dǎo)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略。 考點(diǎn)九：狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 1．時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 (1)when，while和as 當(dāng)主句動(dòng)作是瞬時(shí)的、從句動(dòng)作是延續(xù)的時(shí)，用三者均可。when是最常用詞；as強(qiáng)調(diào)主、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生；while從句的謂語(yǔ)必須是延續(xù)的。如： John sang happily as he went along. While/When John was sitting reading the book，I was working out my study plan. When John arrived，I was cooking lunch.(不用while) (2)till和until 用于肯定句時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)的；用于否定句時(shí)，主句謂語(yǔ)必須是瞬時(shí)的；用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)，必須是it is not until...that...結(jié)構(gòu)。如： He waited until/till it was dark. He didnt leave until/till it was dark. It was not until I came back that he left. (3)once和as soon as once意為“一旦……，就……”，既表示時(shí)間，又含有條件意味。as soon as意為“一……，就……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間上緊接。如： Once you have decided，tell me. As soon as they arrived，they began to work. (4)名詞短語(yǔ)every time，the moment，the minute，the second等和副詞immediately，directly等可作連詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，instantly也可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“一……就……”。如： Every time I listen to your advice，I get into trouble. I recognized him immediately I saw him. 【典例分析】 (xx全國(guó)高考Ⅱ，11)I had hardly got to the office ______ my wife phoned me to go back home at once. A．when B．than C．until D．a(chǎn)fter 答案為A項(xiàng)。hardly...when...相當(dāng)于no sooner...than...，表示“一……就……”，在此句型中，主句常用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句則用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：我一到辦公室，我的妻子就給我打電話要我馬上回家。故選A項(xiàng)。 (xx江西高考，29)Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or______ it is convenient to you. A．whenever B．however C．whichever D．wherever 答案為A項(xiàng)。whenever意為“無(wú)論何時(shí)”；however意為“不論如何；然而”；whichever意為“任何一個(gè)”；wherever意為“無(wú)論哪里”。根據(jù)句意判斷應(yīng)選關(guān)系副詞whenever，在后面的句子中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。句意：請(qǐng)打電話給我的秘書(shū)今天下午安排一個(gè)會(huì)議，或者在任何你方便的時(shí)候。 2．地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 由where和wherever等引導(dǎo)。如： Generally，air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go，you should work hard. 【典例分析】 (xx天津高考，14)Everything was placed exactly ______ he wanted it for the graduation ceremony. A．while B．when C．where D．though 答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：畢業(yè)典禮的一切都按照他的想法被安排得井井有條。where在此引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句。 3．條件狀語(yǔ)從句 由if，unless，as/so long as，only if，providing/provided that，supposing that，in case (that)，on condition that等引導(dǎo)。如： You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying. Provided that there is no opposition，we shall hold the meeting here. 【典例分析】 (xx江蘇高考，30)Ones life has value ______ one brings value to the life of others. A．so that B．no matter how C．a(chǎn)s long as D．except that 答案為C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“目的是為了，結(jié)果”；B項(xiàng)意為“不論如何，無(wú)論怎樣”；C項(xiàng)意為“只要”；D項(xiàng)意為“除了……”。根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系判斷應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。句意：一個(gè)人只要給別人的生活帶來(lái)價(jià)值，那這個(gè)人也就活得有價(jià)值。 (xx福建高考，30)It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ______ it gets more financial support from the European Union. A．if B．unless C．because D．since 答案為B項(xiàng)。if意為“如果”；unless意為“如果不，除非”；because意為“因?yàn)椤?；since“自從，由于”。句意：除非希臘政府能得到歐盟更多的財(cái)政支持，否則它很難克服目前的困難。 4．原因狀語(yǔ)從句 由because，as，since，now that等引導(dǎo)。because為常用詞，且說(shuō)明的是直接原因，并可回答why引導(dǎo)的問(wèn)句；as，since和now that語(yǔ)氣較弱，常用來(lái)表示一些顯而易見(jiàn)或?qū)Ψ街赖脑颉Ｈ纾? —Why are you late today? —Because I didnt catch the bus. 【典例分析】 (xx重慶高考，30)— Coach，can I continue with the training? —Sorry，you cant ______ you havent recovered from the knee injury. A．until B．before C．a(chǎn)s D．unless 答案為C項(xiàng)。until和before用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)從句；unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。由句意可知，“你的膝蓋上的傷還沒(méi)有恢復(fù)”是不能參加訓(xùn)練的原因，所以選as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：——教練，我能繼續(xù)訓(xùn)練嗎？——對(duì)不起，你不能，因?yàn)槟愕南ドw上的傷還沒(méi)痊愈。 5．讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 由though，although，even if，even though，whoever...，no matter who...等引導(dǎo)。如： He wont listen whatever you may say. No matter how hard he tried，he could not change her mind. as和while也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句須以形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞(原形)等開(kāi)頭，整個(gè)從句須置于主句之前；while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，一般從句在前主句在后。如： Much as I respect him，I cant agree to his proposal. While I like the color of the hat，I do not like its shape. 【典例分析】 (xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考，25)I dont believe weve met before，______ I must say you do look familiar. A．therefore B．a(chǎn)lthough C．since D．unless 答案為B項(xiàng)。therefore意為“因此，所以”；although意為“盡管，雖然”；since意為“由于，既然，自從”；unless意為“除非，如果不”。根據(jù)前后句的邏輯關(guān)系判斷應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：盡管我要說(shuō)你真的看起來(lái)很眼熟，但是我認(rèn)為我們以前沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面。 (xx北京高考，21)— Look at those clouds! —Dont worry.______ it rains，well still have a great time. A．Even if B．As though C．In case D．If only 答案為A項(xiàng)。句意：——看看云彩！——不用擔(dān)心，即使下雨，我們也仍然會(huì)玩得很快樂(lè)。even if意為“即使”；as though意為“好像”；in case意為“以防萬(wàn)一”；if only意為“要是……就好了”。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。 (xx湖南高考，28)______ I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A. A．While B．Once C．If D．Until 答案為A項(xiàng)。句意：盡管我一直感覺(jué)我會(huì)通過(guò)這次考試，但從沒(méi)想過(guò)會(huì)得一個(gè)A。while常放于句首引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“盡管”。once意為“一旦”；if意為“如果”；until意為“直到”。 6．目的狀語(yǔ)從句 由so that，in order that等引導(dǎo)，從句中常用should，could，might等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如： He spoke loud in order that/so that we could hear him. in case也可引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。 如： Take your umbrella in case it rains. 【典例分析】 (xx遼寧高考，30)Leave your key with your neighbor ______ you lock yourself out one day. A．a(chǎn)s long as B．even though C．in case D．a(chǎn)s if 答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：將你的鑰匙留給你的鄰居，以防你某天會(huì)把自己鎖在外面。as long as意為“只要”；even though意為“即使”；in case意為“以防萬(wàn)一”；as if意為“好像”。根據(jù)句意判斷C項(xiàng)正確。 7．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 由such...that，so...that，so that等引導(dǎo)。其中的so為副詞，such為形容詞。具體使用句式有7種。 so＋＋that such＋＋that (1)修飾形容詞或副詞只能用so。如： This film is so moving that I want to see it again. He walked so fast that I couldnt keep up with him. (2)修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可用so或such。 用so時(shí)，修飾名詞的形容詞在冠詞之前，即so作狀語(yǔ)修飾形容詞，形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞；用such時(shí)，形容詞在冠詞與名詞之間，作為一個(gè)整體看作名詞短語(yǔ)，即such作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞短語(yǔ)。如： This is so interesting a book/such an interesting book that we all like it very much. (3)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)只能用such。如： They were such kind villagers that they all came to help us. (4)修飾不可數(shù)名詞只能用such。如： It is such fine weather that we all want to go out for a walk. (5)修飾many，much，few，little (“少”的意思)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上用so。如： There were so many books in the shop that he didnt know which to buy. 【典例分析】 (xx陜西西安二模，26)At the bad news，she was so sad ______ I had to stay here keeping her ______. A．that；panion B．then；panies C．that；pany D．a(chǎn)nd；acpany 答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：聽(tīng)到那個(gè)糟糕的消息，她如此悲傷以至于我不得不留下來(lái)陪她。此句采用了so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句；keep sbpany為固定表達(dá)，意為“陪伴某人”。 8．方式狀語(yǔ)從句 由as，as if (though)，the way等引導(dǎo)。如： You must do as I told you. Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us. 【典例分析】 (xx湖南高考，33)Jack wasnt saying anything，but the teacher smiled at him ______ he had done something very clever. A．a(chǎn)s if B．in case C．while D．though 答案為A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意判斷空格處需要填入表示“好像，仿佛”的單詞，故選A項(xiàng)。句意：杰克什么也沒(méi)說(shuō)，但老師向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聰明的事情一樣。 誤區(qū)警示 1．“祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句”句型的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx山東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)三模，25)Value every hour in the early morning，______ you will be looking for in the rest of the day. A．a(chǎn)nd B．for C．or D．but 【錯(cuò)混透析】 C　該句為“祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句”句型，由于前后句之間是逆轉(zhuǎn)意義，所以應(yīng)選連詞or表示“否則”。句意：珍惜早上的每一刻鐘，要不然，一天中其余的時(shí)間里你也要找回來(lái)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 對(duì)于考查“祈使句＋連詞＋陳述句”句型的題目，一是要分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)中間的連詞判斷前面應(yīng)構(gòu)成祈使句，二是要根據(jù)前后句的邏輯意義判斷用什么連詞。 2．主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的易混點(diǎn) (xx課標(biāo)全國(guó)高考，24)It is by no means clear______the president can do to end the strike. A．how B．which C．that D．what 【錯(cuò)混透析】D　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，It為形式主語(yǔ)，代替的是后面的主語(yǔ)從句，在主語(yǔ)從句中，及物動(dòng)詞do需要賓語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)選連接代詞what引導(dǎo)該從句。句意：總統(tǒng)能做點(diǎn)什么來(lái)結(jié)束這場(chǎng)罷工根本不清楚。該題易誤選C項(xiàng)，是由于不清楚從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)造成的。 (xx湖南高考，26)Everyone in the village is very friendly.It doesnt matter______ you have lived there for a short or a long time. A．why B．how C．whether D．when 【錯(cuò)混透析】C　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知It為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是其后的從句，根據(jù)句意以及從句中最后的or a long time可知，此處C項(xiàng)正確。句意：村里的每個(gè)人都很友善，你在此居住的時(shí)間是長(zhǎng)還是短是沒(méi)有關(guān)系的。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 選擇主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)，應(yīng)著重考慮以下幾個(gè)方面： (1)無(wú)意義也不作成分，只起引導(dǎo)作用時(shí)用連詞that，但不能省略。 (2)表示“是否”之義時(shí)，應(yīng)用連詞whether，不要誤用if。 (3)需要引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作成分時(shí)，根據(jù)句意選用who/what/which/when/where等連接代詞或連接副詞。 (4)whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who，意為“任何人”；whatever相當(dāng)于anything that，意為“任何事情”。 3．表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的易混點(diǎn) (xx上海高考，36)One reason for her preference for city life is ______ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. A．that B．how C．what D．why 【錯(cuò)混透析】 A　reason作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面的表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用連詞that引導(dǎo)。受漢語(yǔ)的影響，該題易誤選D項(xiàng)。 【解題指導(dǎo)】 選擇表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)，以下幾個(gè)方面應(yīng)引起特別注意： (1)because可以引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但句子主語(yǔ)為reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞應(yīng)該用that。 (2)表語(yǔ)從句表示“是否”時(shí)，應(yīng)用whether而不用if。 4．賓語(yǔ)從句的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn) (xx遼寧高考，34)The newer went to the library the other day and searched for ______ he could find about Mark Twain. A．wherever B．however C．whatever D．whi