1附錄Switched Reluctance Motors Drive for theElectrical Traction in ShearerAbstract—The paper presented the double Switched Reluctance motors parallel drive system for the electrical traction in shearer. The system components, such as the Switched Reluctance motor, the main circuit of the power converter and the controller, were described. The control strategies of the closed-loop rotor speed control with PI algorithm and balancing the distribution of the loads with fuzzy logic algorithm were given. The tests results were also presented. It is shown that the relative deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter in the Switched Reluctance motor 1 and in the Switched Reluctance motor 2 is within ±10% Keywords- switched reluctance; motor control; shearer; coal mine; electrical drive I. INTRODUCTIONThe underground surroundings of the coal mines are very execrable. One side, it is the moist, high dust and inflammable surroundings. On the other side, the space of roadway is limited since it is necessary to save the investment of exploiting coal mines so that it is difficult to maintain the equipments. In the modern coal mines, the automatization equipments could be used widely. The faults of the automatization equipments could affect the production and the benefit of the coal mines. The shearer is the mining equipment that coal could be cut from the coal wall. The traditional shearer was driven by the hydrostatic transmission system. The fault ratio of the hydrostatic transmission system is high since the fluid in hydrostatic transmission system could be polluted easily. The faults of the hydrostatic transmission system could affect the production and the benefit of the coal mines directly. The fault ratio of the motor drive system is lower than that of the hydrostatic transmission system, but it is difficult to cool the motor drive system in coal mines since the motor drive system should be installed within the flameproof enclosure for safety protection. The motor drive system is also one of the pivotal parts in the automatization equipments. The development of the novel types of the motor drive system had been attached importance to by the coal mines. The Switched Reluctance motor drive could become the main equipments for adjustable speed electrical drive system in coal mines [1], because it has the high operational reliability and the fault tolerant ability [2]. The Switched Reluctance motor drive made up of the double-salient pole Switched Reluctance motor, the unipolar power converter and the controller is firm in the motor and in 2the power converter. There is no brush structure in the motor and no fault of ambipolar power converter in the power converter [3][4]. The Switched Reluctance motor drive could be operated at the condition of lacked phases fault depended on the independence of each phase in the motor and the power converter [5]. There is no winding in the rotor so that there is no copper loss in the loss and there is only little iron loss in the rotor. It is easy to cool the motor since it is not necessary to cool the rotor. The shearer driven by the Switched Reluctance motor drive had been developed. The paper presented the developed prototype. II. SYSTEM COMPONENTSThe developed Switched Reluctance motors drive for the electrical traction in shearer is a type of the double Switched Reluctance motors parallel drive system. The system is made up of two Switched Reluctance motors, a control box installed the power converter and the controller. The adopted two Switched Reluctance motors are all three-phase 12/8 structure Switched Reluctance motor, which were shown in Figure 1. The two Switched Reluctance motors were packing by the explosion-proof enclosure, respectively. The rated output power of one motor is 40 KW at the rotor speed 1155 r/min, and the adjustable speed range is from 100 r/min to 1500r/min. Figure 1.Photograph of the two three-phase 12/8 structure Switched Reluctance motorThe power converter consists of two three-phase asymmetric bridge power converter in parallel. The IGBTs were used as the main switches. Three-phase 380V AC power source was rectificated and supplied to the power converter. The main circuit of the power converter was shown in Figure 23Figure 2. Main circuit of the power converter. In the controller, there were the rotor position detection circuit, the commutation circuit, the current and voltage protection circuit, the main switches’ gate driver circuit and the digital controller for rotor speed closed-loop and balancing the distribution of the loads. III. CONTROL STRATEGYThe two Switched Reluctance motor could all drive the shearer by the transmission outfit in the same traction guide way so that the rotor speed of the two Switched Reluctance motors could be synchronized.The closed-loop rotor speed control of the double Switched Reluctance motors parallel drive system could be implemented by PI algorithm. In the Switched Reluctance motor 1, the triggered signals of the main switches in the power converter are modulated by PWM signal, the comparison of the given rotor speed and the practical rotor speed are made and the duty ratio of PWM signal are regulated as follows, where, is the given rotor speed, is the practical rotor speed, is the difference of the rotor speed, is the increment of the duty ratio of PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 1 at k time, is the integral coefficient, is the proportion coefficient, ek is the difference of the rotor speed at k time, ek-1 is the difference of the rotor speed at k-1 4time, D1(k) is the duty ratio of PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 1 at k time, and D1(k-1) is the duty ratio of PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 1 at k-1 time. The output power of the Switched Reluctance motor drive system is approximately in proportion to the average DC supplied current of the power converter as follows, where, P2 is the output power of the Switched Reluctance motor drive system, Iin is the average DC supplied current of the power converter.In the Switched Reluctance motor 2, the triggered signals of the main switches in the power converter are also modulated by PWM signal. The balancing the distribution of the loads between the two Switched Reluctance motors could be implemented by fuzzy logic algorithm. In the fuzzy logic regulator, there are two input control parameters, one is the deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors, and the other is the variation of the deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors. The output control parameter is the increment of the duty ratio of the PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 2. The block diagram of the double Switched Reluctance motors parallel drive system for the electrical traction in shearer was shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. Block diagram of the double Switched Reluctance motors parallel drive system for the electrical traction in shearerThe deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors at the moment of ti is 5where, Iin1 is the practical average DC supplied current of the power converter in the Switched Reluctance motor 1 at the moment of ti, Iin2 is the practical average DC supplied current of the power converter in the Switched Reluctance motor 2 at the moment of ti. The variation of the deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors at the moment of ti is where, ei-1 is the deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors at the moment of ti-1. The duty ratio of the PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 2 at the moment of ti is where, ΔD2(i) is the increment of the duty ratio of the PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 2 at the moment of ti and D2(i-1) is the duty ratio of the PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 2 at the moment of ti-1. The fuzzy logic algorithm could be expressed as follows, where, E is the fuzzy set of the deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors, EC is the fuzzy set of the variation of the deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors, and U is the fuzzy set of the increment of the duty ratio of the PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 2. The continuous deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors could be changed into the discrete amount at the interval [-5, +5], based on the equations as follows, The continuous variation of the deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter between the two Switched Reluctance motors could also be changed into the discrete amount at the interval [-5, +5], based on the equations as follows, The discrete increment of the duty ratio of PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 2 at the interval [-5, +5] could be changed into the continuous amount at the interval [-61.0%, +1.0%], based on the equations as follows, There is a decision forms of the fuzzy logic algorithm based on the above principles, which was stored in the programme storage cell of the controller. While the difference of the distribution of the loads between the two Switched Reluctance motors could be got, the duty ratio of PWM signal of the Switched Reluctance motor 2 will be regulated based on the decision forms of the fuzzy logic algorithm and the distribution of the loads between the two Switched Reluctance motors could be balanced. IV. TESTED RESULTSThe developed double Switched Reluctance motors parallel drive system prototype had been tested experimentally. Table I gives the tests results, where σ is the relative deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter in the Switched Reluctance motor 1, σ is the relative deviation of the average DC2 supplied current of the power converter in the Switched Reluctance motor 2, and, TABLE I.TESTS RESULTS OF PROTOTYPEIt is shown that the relative deviation of the average DC supplied current of the power converter in the Switched Reluctance motor 1 and in the Switched Reluctance motor 2 is within ±10% . 7中文譯文電牽引采煤機(jī)的開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)摘要:本章介紹了電牽引采煤機(jī)雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)的并聯(lián)驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)由開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī),功率變換器電路和控制器組成。給出了由通過(guò)采用比例積分算法的調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)子速度的閉環(huán)回路和模糊邏輯算法實(shí)現(xiàn)的負(fù)荷的均衡分布組成的控制策略。介紹了實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 1 和開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 的功率變換器的平均直流的相對(duì)誤差為 。10%?關(guān)鍵詞:開關(guān)磁阻;電動(dòng)控制;采煤機(jī);煤礦;電傳動(dòng)Ⅰ.介紹煤礦的地下環(huán)境是非常惡劣的。一方面由于它是潮濕的,高粉塵的,和易燃的環(huán)境。另一方面,為了節(jié)約開采成本,巷道空間是有限,以至于設(shè)備很難維護(hù)。自動(dòng)化設(shè)備在現(xiàn)代化煤礦已經(jīng)得到廣泛應(yīng)用。自動(dòng)化設(shè)備的故障會(huì)直接影響到煤礦的產(chǎn)量和效益。采煤機(jī)是采煤的主要礦山設(shè)備。傳統(tǒng)的滾筒采煤機(jī)是通過(guò)液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)的。液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的故障率很高,因?yàn)橐簤簜鲃?dòng)系統(tǒng)的液體很容易受環(huán)境污染。液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的故障直接影響到煤礦的產(chǎn)量和效率。電傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)比液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的故障率低。但是,礦井中電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的散熱性差,是因?yàn)闉榱嗣旱V安全,電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)被封裝在防爆的外殼內(nèi)。電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)是自動(dòng)化設(shè)備的重要組成部分。電機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的小說(shuō)類型的發(fā)展對(duì)煤礦很重要。開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)是煤礦調(diào)速傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的主要設(shè)備,由于它的高工作可靠性和高容錯(cuò)能力。由雙極點(diǎn)開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī),單級(jí)功率變換器和控制器組成的開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)是電動(dòng)機(jī)和功率變換器的核心。電動(dòng)機(jī)沒有毛刷,功率變換器沒有雙極功率變換器的故障。開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)可以在缺相的情況下運(yùn)行,它是依靠電動(dòng)機(jī)和功率變換器相位獨(dú)立性來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。轉(zhuǎn)子上沒有繞組,以至于轉(zhuǎn)子上沒有銅損和很小的鐵損。因?yàn)椴恍枰鋮s轉(zhuǎn)子,所以很容易冷卻電動(dòng)機(jī)。由開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)的采煤機(jī)正在不斷發(fā)展。本章介紹了發(fā)展的樣機(jī)。Ⅱ系統(tǒng)組成電牽引采煤機(jī)的開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)是一個(gè)雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)并聯(lián)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)。這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是由兩個(gè)開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī),一個(gè)控制箱,這個(gè)控制箱是安裝在功率變換器和控制器上。采用的開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)是三相 12/8 結(jié)構(gòu)的開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī),如圖一所示。雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)分別包裝在防爆外殼內(nèi)。電動(dòng)機(jī)的額定功率是 40KW,轉(zhuǎn)速是 1155r/min,調(diào)速范圍是 100r/min~1500r/min。8圖一:三相 12/8 結(jié)構(gòu)的開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)功率變換器是由兩個(gè)三相不對(duì)稱橋式變換器并列組成。IGBTs 是電路的主要開關(guān)元件。經(jīng)整流后三相交流 380V 電源提供給功率變換器。功率變換器的主要電路如圖二所示。圖二:功率變換器的主要電路控制器由轉(zhuǎn)子位置檢測(cè)電路,整流電路,電流和電壓保護(hù)電路,主要開關(guān)的門極驅(qū)動(dòng)電路和閉環(huán)調(diào)速數(shù)字控制器和負(fù)荷均衡分配組成。Ⅲ.控制方法采用同一個(gè)牽引方法,雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)傳送設(shè)備用來(lái)驅(qū)動(dòng)采煤機(jī),來(lái)確保雙重開關(guān)磁9阻電動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子速度同步運(yùn)行。并聯(lián)驅(qū)動(dòng)的雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)的閉環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)子調(diào)速回路可以通過(guò)比例積分算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。在開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 1 中,功率變換器主要開關(guān)的觸發(fā)信號(hào)是通過(guò) PWM 信號(hào)調(diào)制的。比較給定的轉(zhuǎn)子速度和實(shí)際的轉(zhuǎn)子速度,PWM 的占空比調(diào)節(jié)如下:其中, 是給定的轉(zhuǎn)子速度, 是實(shí)際的轉(zhuǎn)子速度, 是轉(zhuǎn)子速度的差。 在 k 時(shí)刻內(nèi),開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 1PWM 信號(hào)占空比的增量。 是積分系數(shù), 比例系數(shù), 轉(zhuǎn)子速度在 K 時(shí)間內(nèi)的差。 轉(zhuǎn)子速度在 K-1 時(shí)間內(nèi)的差, 在 k 時(shí)刻內(nèi),開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 1PWM 信號(hào)占空比,在 k-1 時(shí)刻內(nèi),開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 1PWM 信號(hào)占空比。開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的輸出功率和功率變換器的電流成正比,如下所示:其中, 是開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的輸出功率, 功率變換器的平均直流電流。在開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 中,功率變換器主要開關(guān)的觸發(fā)信號(hào)是通過(guò) PWM 信號(hào)調(diào)制的。雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)之間的負(fù)荷均衡分布是通過(guò)模糊邏輯算法來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在模糊邏輯調(diào)節(jié)器中有兩個(gè)輸入控制參數(shù),一個(gè)是雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)之間的功率變換器的平均電流的偏差,另一個(gè)是雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)之間的功率變換器的平均直流電流的偏差的變化。輸出控制參數(shù)是開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 PWM 信號(hào)占空比的增量。電牽引采煤機(jī)雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)并列傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的方框圖見圖三示10圖三: 電牽引采煤機(jī)并列傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的方框圖功率變換器平均直流電流在雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)之間的偏差在 時(shí)刻為:其中, 在 時(shí)刻,功率變換器在開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 1 中實(shí)際平均直流電流, 在 時(shí)刻,功率變換器在開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 中實(shí)際平均直流.雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)在 時(shí)刻的功率變換器平均直流電流的偏差的變量為:其中, 是雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)在 時(shí)刻的功率變換器平均電流的偏差。開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 在 時(shí)的 PWM 信號(hào)的占空比為:其中, 在 時(shí)刻的 PWM 信號(hào)占空比的增量, 是開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 在 時(shí)刻的 PWM 信號(hào)的占空比。模糊邏輯算法用以下來(lái)表示:其中, 為模糊集合開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)間的功率變換器的平均直流電流的相對(duì)誤差, 為模糊集合開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)間的功率變換器的平均直流電流的相對(duì)誤差的變量, 為模糊集合中開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 PWM 信號(hào)占空比的增量。開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)間的功率變換器的平均直流電流的相對(duì)誤差在[-5,+5]區(qū)間內(nèi)的連續(xù)偏差可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉稚⑵睢9饺缦拢洪_關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)間的功率變換器的平均直流電流的相對(duì)誤差在區(qū)間內(nèi)的連續(xù)變量可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉稚⒆兞?。公式如下:在區(qū)間[-5,+5]內(nèi),開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)2的功率變換器PWM信號(hào)的占空比的分散增量可以轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樵趨^(qū)間[-1.0%,+1.0%]內(nèi)的連續(xù)增量,公式如下:根據(jù)上面的原理,這里是模糊邏輯算法的一個(gè)判定形式。模糊邏輯算法是存儲(chǔ)在控制器的程序存儲(chǔ)單元內(nèi)。當(dāng)檢測(cè)到雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷分配差異的時(shí)候,開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)2中的PWM占空比將被調(diào)節(jié),這是根據(jù)模糊邏輯算法的判定形式,從而,雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)負(fù)荷分配將會(huì)達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài)。11Ⅳ.實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)展的雙重開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)并聯(lián)傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)樣機(jī)已經(jīng)通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)量得到了。表一給出了測(cè)試結(jié)果,其中 為開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)1的功率變換器的平均直流電流的相對(duì)誤差, 為開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī)2的功率變換器的平均直流電流的相對(duì)誤差,即:表一:樣機(jī)的實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果該表顯示了開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 1 和開關(guān)磁阻電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 的功率變換器的平均直流的相對(duì)誤差為 10%? 本科生實(shí)習(xí)報(bào)告書教學(xué)單位 專 業(yè) 班 級(jí) 學(xué)生姓名 學(xué) 號(hào) 指導(dǎo)教師 四年的大學(xué)生活一晃而過(guò),此時(shí)的我正面臨著畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)這一階段,所以畢業(yè)實(shí)習(xí)是我們機(jī)械專業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要環(huán)節(jié),是將課堂上學(xué)到的理論知識(shí)與實(shí)際相結(jié)合的一個(gè)很好的機(jī)會(huì),對(duì)強(qiáng)化和運(yùn)用我們所學(xué)到的知識(shí)都有很好的幫助。為了更好使自己的理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合!以便能夠更好的完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開始的前四周我參觀了我校的實(shí)習(xí)工廠。 通過(guò)參觀和老師現(xiàn)場(chǎng),使我們對(duì)機(jī)械制造有了較深入的理解,實(shí)習(xí)過(guò)程中,加深了我們對(duì)工序的認(rèn)識(shí),同時(shí)也對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的一種升華、理論應(yīng)用于實(shí)際、加深了知識(shí)的掌握。雖然這次的實(shí)習(xí)時(shí)間比較短暫,但是我認(rèn)為我們還是學(xué)到了許多從書本上學(xué)不到的東西的,對(duì)本次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)和今后工作中的實(shí)際應(yīng)用都得到了進(jìn)一步的提高。在這里,我們應(yīng)該感謝老師為我們安排了這次實(shí)習(xí),使我們充分認(rèn)識(shí)到了光在書本上學(xué)習(xí)是遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠的,理論與生產(chǎn)實(shí)際相結(jié)合,聯(lián)系起來(lái)才會(huì)發(fā)揮作用,產(chǎn)生效益,讓我深深知道在以后的工作中不僅要扎實(shí)掌握專業(yè)知識(shí),更要將設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用相結(jié)合,同時(shí)還要關(guān)注實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)過(guò)程。這次實(shí)習(xí)對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō),對(duì)我們以后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作都有很大的幫助,在短暫的四周學(xué)習(xí)和參觀中讓我們學(xué)到了更多的知識(shí),在這里我要感謝對(duì)我諄諄教誨的指導(dǎo)老師,讓我們通過(guò)這次實(shí)習(xí)去了解更多的專業(yè)知識(shí)和寶貴的經(jīng)驗(yàn),對(duì)我做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)提供了很多有價(jià)值的資料。指導(dǎo)教師意見成績(jī)?cè)u(píng)定: 指導(dǎo)教師簽字:年 月 日 實(shí)習(xí)單位意見 負(fù)責(zé)人簽字:(單位蓋章)年 月 日備注注:實(shí)習(xí)結(jié)束時(shí),由實(shí)習(xí)學(xué)生填寫本表后,交指導(dǎo)教師和實(shí)習(xí)單位簽署意見,最后交所在教學(xué)單位歸檔保管。I摘 要電牽引采煤機(jī)具有機(jī)電一體化程度高,裝機(jī)功率愈來(lái)愈大,牽引速度成倍提高,而且牽引部調(diào)速系統(tǒng)具有節(jié)能、傳動(dòng)效率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本次設(shè)計(jì)的采煤機(jī)正為適合中厚煤層使用的無(wú)鏈電牽引采煤機(jī),主要設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容為電牽引采煤機(jī)的牽引部結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),牽引速度為 0~7m/s,電動(dòng)機(jī)采用橫向布置,通過(guò)二級(jí)直齒與二級(jí)行星減速器完成變速。大體內(nèi)容:首先是不同方案的對(duì)比分析與確定,其次是各部結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算,最后對(duì)齒輪及相應(yīng)的傳動(dòng)軸進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)度校核,設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算結(jié)果滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求。關(guān)鍵詞:采煤機(jī);電牽引;牽引部;IIAbstractElectric traction shearer.two machine has a high degree of mechatronics, increasing the installed power, speed, and doubled traction control system of energy saving, high transmission efficiency.The design of the coal mining machine is suitable for use in thick coal seam no chain electric haulage shearer main content, design for electric haulage shearer traction of structure design, drawing speed for 0 ~ 7m/s, motor adopts horizontal layout, through the second straight tooth planetary reducer with 2 completed. Content: the first is in different scheme comparison analysis and determination, followed by each structure size of design calculation, and finally to gear and the intensity of the transmission design and calculation results and meet the design requirements.Keywords: coal winning machine, Electric traction, Traction,1目 錄摘要 IABSTRACT.II第 1 章 緒論 .11.1 采煤機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介 .11.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外采煤機(jī)發(fā)展及使用狀況 .21.3 采煤機(jī)牽引部概述 .31.4 設(shè)計(jì)目的及意義 .3第 2 章 機(jī)械系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)總設(shè)計(jì) .52.1 采煤機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù) .52.2 采煤機(jī)牽引部總體方案確定 .52.3 牽引部電動(dòng)機(jī)的選用 .72.4 牽引部傳動(dòng)比分配 .8第 3 章 牽引部系統(tǒng)各軸組件設(shè)計(jì) .113.1 齒輪設(shè)計(jì) .113.1.1 高速級(jí)直齒圓柱齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .113.1.2 低速級(jí)直齒圓柱齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .203.1.3 一級(jí)行星齒輪的 初步設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核 .283.1.4 二級(jí)行星齒輪的初步設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核 .383.2 軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及軸承的選擇 .463.2.1 Ⅱ軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .463.2.2 一級(jí)行星輪軸初步設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核及軸承壽命計(jì)算 .573.2.3 二級(jí)行星輪軸初步設(shè)計(jì)及強(qiáng)度校核及軸承壽命計(jì)算 .60結(jié)論 .62致謝 .63參考文獻(xiàn) .642CONTENTSAbstract. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .IChapter 1 Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11.1 Introduction Shearer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 1.2 The development and use status at home and abroad Shearer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21.3 Overview of Shearer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31.4 The design purpose and meaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3Chapter 2 General Design of the mechanical system drive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .52.1 Shearer parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52.2 Determine the overall plan of Shearer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .52.3 Selection of Motor Traction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72.4 The allocation of transmission ratio Traction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .8Chapter 3 axis components of the haulage system design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113.1 Gear design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113.1.1 High-level design of spur gear calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113.1.2 Low-level design of spur gear 3calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .203.1.3 Aplanetary gear of the preliminary design and strength check. . . . . . . . . .283.1.4 The secondary planet gear preliminary design and intensity. . . . . ... . . . .383.2 Shaft and bearing design and calculation of the choice of. . . . . . . . . . . ..... . . . .463.2.1 Ⅱ axle design calculation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .463.2.2 Preliminary Design of a planetary axle and bearing life and strength check calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .573.2.3 Stage Planetary preliminary design and strength check of axle and bearing life calculation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..60Conclusion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . .. . . . . .62Thanks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .63References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . .. . . . .641第 1 章 緒 論1.1 采煤機(jī)簡(jiǎn)介采煤機(jī)是一個(gè)集機(jī)械、電氣和液壓為一體的大型復(fù)雜系統(tǒng),工作環(huán)境惡劣,如果出現(xiàn)故障將會(huì)導(dǎo)致整個(gè)采煤工作的中斷,造成巨大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失 .隨著煤炭工業(yè)的發(fā)展,采煤機(jī)的功能越來(lái)越多,其自身的結(jié)構(gòu)、組成愈加復(fù)雜,因而發(fā)生故障的原因也隨之復(fù)雜。采 煤 機(jī) 是 實(shí) 現(xiàn) 煤 礦 生 產(chǎn) 機(jī) 械 化 和 現(xiàn) 代 化 的 重 要 設(shè) 備 之 一 。 機(jī) 械 化 采 煤可 以 減 輕 體 力 勞 動(dòng) 、 提 高 安 全 性 , 達(dá) 到 高 產(chǎn) 量 、 高 效 率 、 低 消 耗 的 目 的 。采 煤 機(jī) 分 鋸 削 式 、 刨 削 式 、 鉆 削 式 和 銑 削 式 四 種 。采煤機(jī)總體技術(shù)的發(fā)展過(guò)程經(jīng)歷了:牽引方式從液壓牽引到電牽引、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式從單電機(jī)到多電機(jī)、總體結(jié)構(gòu)從縱向布置到橫向布置。采煤機(jī)的電控技術(shù)也隨之逐步發(fā)展,從引進(jìn)仿制到自行設(shè)計(jì),從分立元件組成到集成化、PLC和微機(jī)控制,逐步走向成熟,趕超國(guó)際同行先進(jìn)水平 。[7]以前,薄煤層采煤機(jī)可選機(jī)型少,可靠性差,功率低,單產(chǎn)低,使我國(guó)薄煤層產(chǎn)量逐年減少,棄采嚴(yán)重,資源浪費(fèi)大,薄煤層采煤機(jī)的機(jī)身應(yīng)當(dāng)矮一些,要有足夠的功率,通常功率不應(yīng)低于 100-200kW,機(jī)身盡量短,以適應(yīng)煤層的波狀起伏;結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、可靠,便于維護(hù)和安裝。從 80 年代開始,薄煤層采煤機(jī)從無(wú)到有得到穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。隨著薄煤層采煤機(jī)的推廣應(yīng)用,適用工作范圍擴(kuò)大,也暴露了許多缺陷和不足,限制了使用效果。根據(jù)薄煤層開采的迫切需要,開發(fā)適合國(guó)情的新一代大功率薄煤層采煤機(jī)是非常必要的。由 MG375-W 型液壓采煤機(jī)演變的 MG375-AW 采煤機(jī),基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了大功率薄煤層采煤機(jī)這一目標(biāo)。目前,哈爾濱煤礦機(jī)械研究所已經(jīng)研制了五種機(jī)型的薄煤層采煤機(jī),都已投入工作中。以幾種有代表性的機(jī)型 BM1—100 型薄煤層采煤機(jī),MG150B型薄煤層采煤機(jī)和最新型的 MG300—BW1 型薄煤層采煤機(jī) 。對(duì)于薄煤層,[7]仍存在由于設(shè)備的不成熟和技術(shù)的不合理等問題,很難滿足高產(chǎn)高效和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的要求。我國(guó)從 20 世紀(jì) 70 年代中期開始引進(jìn)采煤機(jī),大體分為以下兩個(gè)階段:802年代為第一階段,以單機(jī)引進(jìn)為主,九十年代以來(lái)為第二階段,以配套引進(jìn)為主 。[7]波蘭中國(guó)合作,成功研制了總裝機(jī)功率 344KW 的 KSE-344 型薄煤層交流電牽引采煤機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)上,陸續(xù)開發(fā)了用于薄煤層的 KSE-360 型。英國(guó)在 80 年代中期研制第一臺(tái)直流電牽引采煤機(jī),在美國(guó)使用成功后,又研制出Electra1000 和 Electra 薄煤層電牽引采煤機(jī)。搞清連續(xù)采煤機(jī)截割關(guān)鍵技術(shù),為建立其工作機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)理論和方法,研發(fā)適合我國(guó)煤層地質(zhì)條件的國(guó)產(chǎn)采煤機(jī),及建設(shè)高產(chǎn)高效的現(xiàn)代化礦井和發(fā)展國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)具有重要意義 。[18]1.2 國(guó)內(nèi)外采煤機(jī)發(fā)展及使用狀況在國(guó)內(nèi),我國(guó)的滾筒式采煤機(jī)從 60 年代開始自行研制,70 年代初研制成功第 1 臺(tái)用于普采工作面的 DY150 型液壓牽引采煤機(jī),到 90 年代我們已經(jīng)有了 MG400/920-WD 型大功率交流電牽引采煤機(jī) ,整個(gè)技術(shù)水平得到了較大發(fā)展。總的看來(lái),滾筒式采煤機(jī)總體技術(shù)的發(fā)展過(guò)程經(jīng)歷了牽引方式從液壓牽引[7]到電牽引、驅(qū)動(dòng)方式從單電機(jī)到多電機(jī)、總體結(jié)構(gòu)從縱向布置到橫向布置。采煤機(jī)的電控技術(shù)也隨之逐步發(fā)展,從引進(jìn)仿制到自行設(shè)計(jì),從分立元件組成到集成化、PLC 和微機(jī)控制,逐步走向成熟,趕超國(guó)際同行先進(jìn)水平 。[1]從上世紀(jì)八十年代開始,我國(guó)進(jìn)入了采煤機(jī)發(fā)展的興旺時(shí)期,在廣泛吸取國(guó)外先進(jìn)技術(shù)的同時(shí),不斷實(shí)踐創(chuàng)新,銳意進(jìn)取,重視采煤機(jī)成系列的開發(fā),不斷擴(kuò)大使用范圍,同時(shí)推廣使用無(wú)鏈牽引,使采煤機(jī)工作更平穩(wěn),使用更安全。電牽引技術(shù)逐步成熟,多電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)橫向布置的總體結(jié)構(gòu)成為電牽引采煤機(jī)發(fā)展的主流 。[7]20 世紀(jì) 90 年代,國(guó)產(chǎn)電牽引采煤機(jī)雖然發(fā)展很快,但在性能和可靠上與世界先進(jìn)國(guó)家相比還存在較大的差距。近 10 年開發(fā)的系列電牽引采煤機(jī)在國(guó)內(nèi)已推廣使用并取得了明顯的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。與目前國(guó)外的電牽引采煤機(jī)相比,國(guó)內(nèi)電牽引采煤機(jī)在總體參數(shù)性能、加工制造和材質(zhì)性能等尚有不足。隨著科技的進(jìn)步,開發(fā)高產(chǎn)高效礦井綜合配套設(shè)備已成為我國(guó)煤炭科技發(fā)展的主流:大功率,大截深電牽引采煤機(jī)被廣泛的開發(fā)和使用,一些世界前沿的先進(jìn)技術(shù)也被用到了采煤機(jī)的開發(fā)應(yīng)用中,如變頻調(diào)速技術(shù),遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控,無(wú)3線遙控等等,為更好的服務(wù)我國(guó)煤礦事業(yè)奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ) 。[8]在國(guó)外,20 世紀(jì) 40 年代初期,英國(guó)、前蘇聯(lián)和德國(guó)相繼生產(chǎn)了用于長(zhǎng)壁采煤的鏈?zhǔn)讲擅簷C(jī)和刨煤機(jī),實(shí)現(xiàn)了工作面落煤、裝煤的機(jī)械化。至 50 年代初期,英國(guó)和德國(guó)相繼生產(chǎn)出滾筒采煤機(jī)。60 年代是世界綜采技術(shù)的成熟時(shí)期,英國(guó)、德國(guó)出現(xiàn)了單搖臂滾筒式采煤機(jī),解決了采高調(diào)整問題,擴(kuò)大了采煤機(jī)的適用范圍。1964 年又制成了雙搖臂滾筒采煤機(jī),解決了工作面自開切口問題。進(jìn)入 70 年代,綜采機(jī)械化得到了進(jìn)一步發(fā)展和提高,相繼出現(xiàn)功率達(dá) 800~1000kW 的無(wú)鏈牽引采煤機(jī)。 80 年代,德國(guó)、美國(guó)、英國(guó)都開發(fā)成功各種交、直流電牽引采煤機(jī),同時(shí)把計(jì)算機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)用在采煤機(jī)上 [18]。90 年代,隨著現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,開發(fā)出集電力電子、微電子、信息管理及計(jì)算機(jī)智能技術(shù)與一體的大功率電牽引采煤機(jī)。如美國(guó)的 JOYU 公司的系列,英國(guó)的 Long-Airdox 公司的 Anderson Eletra、Anderson EL 系列,德國(guó)的 Eickhoff公司的 EDW 系列、SL 系列,日本三井三池制作的 MLCE-DR 系列等電牽引采煤機(jī) 。[9]1.3 采煤機(jī)牽引部概述采煤機(jī)牽引部主要由箱體、原動(dòng)機(jī)、輸出軸、減速器等部分組成。采煤機(jī)的牽引部承擔(dān)牽引和行走任務(wù),是采煤機(jī)的主要部件之一。一個(gè)完善的工作機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)滿足以下要求:(1)結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,工作可靠,拆裝維修方便。(2)能降低能耗,提高塊煤率,減少煤塵。(3)能牽引行走。(4)載荷均勻分布,機(jī)械效率高。(5)能適應(yīng)不同的煤層和有關(guān)地質(zhì)條件。1.4 設(shè)計(jì)目的和意義我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展對(duì)煤炭的需求量逐年增加,良好的采煤設(shè)備對(duì)于提高煤炭的生產(chǎn)率起到非常關(guān)鍵的作用。目前,煤礦生產(chǎn)的安全性要求日益受到國(guó)家安全生產(chǎn)管理局的重視。因此,大力發(fā)展“綜采設(shè)備” 是當(dāng)前和今后的主流。設(shè)計(jì)和4生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的滾筒采煤機(jī)不但保證煤炭生產(chǎn)率,而且保證安全生產(chǎn)的重要方面。牽引部傳動(dòng)箱內(nèi)部的損壞主要取決于行星齒輪和直齒齒輪傳動(dòng)比分配是否合理。另有對(duì)于牽引部的行走速度、行走穩(wěn)定性都由傳動(dòng)比的分配是否合理所影響。對(duì)于牽引部來(lái)說(shuō)有很多方面的問題有待于提高完善。我國(guó)中厚煤層正向大功率綜合機(jī)械化,智能化采煤的方向發(fā)展。由于采煤機(jī)愈來(lái)愈大,采煤機(jī)本身的穩(wěn)定性就應(yīng)該受到更深入的關(guān)注。而影響機(jī)身的穩(wěn)定性,其中一條就是行走的穩(wěn)定性。所以本設(shè)計(jì)著重考慮了牽引部傳動(dòng)箱的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的合理性,本設(shè)計(jì)可用在硬煤質(zhì)、中厚煤層的雙高綜合機(jī)械化工作面??稍谟型咚箽怏w或煤塵爆炸危險(xiǎn)礦井中使用。整體為多部電機(jī)橫向布置。5第 2 章 機(jī)械系統(tǒng)傳動(dòng)總設(shè)計(jì)2.1 采煤機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)機(jī)面高度 1.3~1.6m牽引力 kN620F?牽引速度 0~7m/min2.2 采煤機(jī)牽引部總體方案確定設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo):在滿足最大牽引力大于 kN;牽引速度 0~7m/s;機(jī)面620F?高度 1.3~1.6mm;無(wú)鏈牽引方式條件下進(jìn)行采煤機(jī)牽引部結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),在結(jié)構(gòu)上要求能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)電牽引,且能與 SGD880/800W 輸送機(jī)配套。為了確保本次設(shè)計(jì)滿足采煤機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)要求,經(jīng)多方考察,確定本采煤機(jī)牽引部的設(shè)計(jì)方向:(1)采煤機(jī)的部分功率是通過(guò)牽引部減速器傳遞的。牽引部工作條件惡劣,外形尺寸受到嚴(yán)格限制,可靠性要求很高。牽引部的總傳動(dòng)比一般在 200 左右,減速級(jí)數(shù)為 3—5 級(jí);(2)為了保證牽引部有適當(dāng)?shù)拈L(zhǎng)度,牽引部中可裝有若干個(gè)惰輪。(3)在滿足上述各項(xiàng)要求的同時(shí),務(wù)使結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,操縱方便,盡可能貫徹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、通用化。根據(jù)以上的指導(dǎo)思想,設(shè)計(jì)方案機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖如下:方案一:61 電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 齒輪 3 單行星減速器圖 2-1 牽引部傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖由電動(dòng)機(jī) 1 經(jīng)齒輪傳動(dòng)系 2 至單行星減速器 3,最后到達(dá)行走部。方案二:1 電動(dòng)機(jī) 2 齒輪 3 雙行星減速器圖 2-2 牽引部傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)圖7由電動(dòng)機(jī) 1 經(jīng)齒輪傳動(dòng)系 2 至雙行星減速器 3,最后到達(dá)行走部。方案 1 的傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)經(jīng)過(guò)四級(jí)傳動(dòng)速比分配較均勻,但結(jié)構(gòu)有點(diǎn)復(fù)雜在檢修與拆裝時(shí)會(huì)有不便,在生產(chǎn)采煤機(jī)時(shí)相應(yīng)箱體的設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)有一定困難,且這種結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)導(dǎo)致傳動(dòng)箱體積過(guò)大,在實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中會(huì)有很多麻煩。方案 2 是兩級(jí)齒輪傳動(dòng)與雙行星減速器共四級(jí)減速既可以達(dá)到預(yù)定的速比結(jié)構(gòu)又簡(jiǎn)單,同時(shí)行星機(jī)構(gòu)體積小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、承載能力大、傳動(dòng)效率高、運(yùn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、抗沖擊和振動(dòng)的能力較強(qiáng)、且可以減少傳動(dòng)級(jí)數(shù)。綜合結(jié)構(gòu)特性以及經(jīng)濟(jì)效益考慮,因此方案 2 為此次設(shè)計(jì)的最終選用方案。2.3 牽引部電動(dòng)機(jī)的選用1. 電動(dòng)機(jī)的選擇按設(shè)計(jì)要求及工作條件選用 YB 系列三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī),臥式封閉結(jié)構(gòu),且左右截割部各一臺(tái)電動(dòng)機(jī)。根據(jù)已知條件由計(jì)算可知工作機(jī)所需有效功率kW17.36012601?????Fvpw由手冊(cè)查得:閉式圓柱齒輪傳動(dòng)效率 .97g?對(duì)滾動(dòng)軸承效率 0.b?行星機(jī)構(gòu)的效率 .98x 則各軸之間的傳動(dòng)效率計(jì)算如下: 120603gb????同樣 34567.9?雙行星機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)效率8220.98.64sx??由此可得牽引部總效率 12356740.9.08s??工作機(jī)所需電動(dòng)機(jī)功率kW2.4167.0WrP由以上計(jì)算初選型號(hào)為 YB315L1-4 型礦用隔爆三相異步電動(dòng)機(jī),有關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)列于下表:表 2-1電機(jī)型號(hào) 功率(kW) 轉(zhuǎn)速(n/min) 電流(A)YB250M-4 55 1480 289.12.4 牽引部傳動(dòng)比分配本設(shè)計(jì)方案的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式采用無(wú)鏈電牽引,初步確定行走輪直徑 ,=320mxd令牽引速度約為 7m/min,則輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速 r/min7103.42wxvnd????所以本設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu) 43.21780?wni采用二級(jí)直齒傳動(dòng)和二級(jí)行星傳動(dòng):按傳動(dòng)方案?jìng)鲃?dòng)箱需要兩級(jí)齒輪減速和兩級(jí)行星齒輪減速,且受機(jī)身高度限制,每級(jí)傳動(dòng)比一般為 i?~ (行星齒輪可達(dá) 5~6) 。為有效利用空傳動(dòng)比從高速向低速遞減,故初步估算 ,雙行星機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)比為 ,123.i?24.5si?輸出輪傳動(dòng)比預(yù)設(shè)為 1.41。9由 19.243.21.548.33???iiis行 走所以傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)各級(jí)傳動(dòng)比分別為8.12i.23i5.24?si當(dāng)牽引速度變小牽引部的總傳動(dòng)比減小,傳動(dòng)箱的傳動(dòng)比也減小。2.5 傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)動(dòng)和動(dòng)力參數(shù)計(jì)算傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)各軸的轉(zhuǎn)速、功率和轉(zhuǎn)矩計(jì)算如下:Ⅰ軸(電動(dòng)機(jī)軸) min1480rn?mNTkwPR???73.285.951Ⅱ軸(第一級(jí)減速軸)mNiTkwprin ????28.76903.8273.55464in012212?Ⅲ軸(雙行星機(jī)構(gòu)高速級(jí)太陽(yáng)輪花鍵軸) mNiTkwprin ????73.16590.128.7643054in.9.231323?Ⅳ軸(雙行星機(jī)構(gòu)低速級(jí)太陽(yáng)輪花鍵軸) .4.0434sp108.93.068573.134 ???siT?將上述結(jié)果匯總見下表:表 2-2軸號(hào) Ⅰ軸 Ⅱ軸 Ⅲ軸 Ⅳ軸轉(zhuǎn)速 n(r/min) 1480 528.57 241.36功率 p(kw) 44.28 42.52 40.83 40.01轉(zhuǎn)矩 T(N·M ) 285.73 768.28 1615.73 8993.811第 3 章 牽引部系統(tǒng)各軸組件設(shè)計(jì)3.1 齒輪設(shè)計(jì)3.1.1 高速級(jí)直齒圓柱齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算1. 選擇齒輪材料小齒輪:20Cr2Ni4W, 滲碳+淬火,硬度:表 HRC ?60,心 341~367HB大齒輪:20Cr2Ni4W, 滲碳+淬火,硬度:表 HRC 60,心 341~367HB由圖 14-1-24 和 14-1-53 按 ME 級(jí)質(zhì)量要求取值,[3][3]得接觸疲勞極限 ,2lim1li2650NmH??彎曲疲勞極限 liliF2. 初步確定主要參數(shù)(1) 按接觸強(qiáng)度初步確定中心距由公式 132()aHPkTaA?????式中 Aa——系數(shù)。由表 14-1-75 選 Aa=483,選載荷系數(shù) k=1.8;[3]μ——理論傳動(dòng)比。μ= =2.8; 12i——齒寬系數(shù)。 由表 14-1-79 取a?0.5()da????[3]經(jīng)圓整后取 。0.9d?.451?0.4a?所以 12m79.12023.1698.475)8(433???取 130ma?(2) 按接觸強(qiáng)度確定許用接觸應(yīng)力 HP?由表 14-1-80 中公式[3] minGPHS?式中 minHs——接觸強(qiáng)度最小安全系數(shù)。由表 14-1-110 取 =1.3;[3]minHSG?——計(jì)算齒輪的接觸極限應(yīng)力; HGLimNTVRwxZ??式中 Lz——潤(rùn)滑劑系數(shù),v——速度系數(shù),Rz——粗糙度系數(shù)。由表 14-1-107 取 ;[3]LVRZ?w——工作硬化系數(shù)。由圖 14-1-30 取 ;[]1wxz——接觸強(qiáng)度計(jì)算的尺寸系數(shù)。尺寸系數(shù)是考慮尺寸增大使材料強(qiáng)度降低的尺寸效應(yīng)因素的系數(shù)。由表 14-1-109 取 。[3]1xZ?故 12650269.3.3HPHP???(3) 初步確定模數(shù)、齒數(shù)、齒寬、變位系數(shù)、分度圓直徑等幾何參數(shù)模數(shù)○ 113由表 14-1-31 中公式[3] 095.4~8.213)16(??am按工作要求取 m=4齒數(shù) 1z和 2○ 2;2.608.521).(4321??????z圓整后取 ;1z;62?實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比 7.1212zi?傳動(dòng)比誤差 ?07.26?????3在誤差范圍內(nèi)分度圓直徑 和○ 3 1d2 2461821???mzd齒寬 和○ 4 1b2148.9273211??dba?變位系數(shù)○ 5取齒形角 20???故 9526.07.12834)(cos1????zam?所以 ;2417?????采用高變位,由圖 14-1-14 取 [3]1.x2.37x?3. 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度設(shè)計(jì) HLimNTVRWXPZS??(1) 公度圓上名義切向力 tFN86.49387.25021???dTt(2) 使用系數(shù) AK由表 14-1-81 原動(dòng)機(jī)為電動(dòng)機(jī),均勻穩(wěn)定,工作機(jī)為齒輪,傳動(dòng)時(shí)有中[3]等沖擊。因此取 1.25A?(3) 動(dòng)載系數(shù) VK由表 10-4 查得精度等級(jí)為 7 級(jí),由圖 10-8 查得動(dòng)載系數(shù)[4] 1.8VK?15(4) 齒向載荷分布系數(shù) HK?由表 14-1-98 裝配時(shí)非對(duì)稱支承的齒輪精度等級(jí)為 7 級(jí)[3]則 35.1 8.73102.)8.73(]).(6.0[8.2 .1.2 3211? ?????bdbKH?(5) 齒間載荷分配系數(shù) HK?N/min28.178.73649251???bFkAH?由表 14-1-102 得,[3](6) 彈性系數(shù) EZ由表 14-1-105 ,取[3] 2189Nm?(7) 重合度系數(shù) ?由公式計(jì)算重合度得 68.1cos)]5812(.3[.2?????za由表 14-1-19 取重合度系數(shù)[3] 0.Z?(8) 壽命系數(shù) NT應(yīng)力循環(huán)系數(shù)16812 81049.210.60?????NLtn由表 14-1-106 公式計(jì)算[3] 082.1)49.210( 06.)(57.8057.9.91???NTZ(9) 潤(rùn)滑油膜影響系數(shù) LVRZ由表 14-1-107 ,取 [3] 1?(10) 齒面工作硬化系數(shù) ZW 由圖 14-1-30 ,取 ZW=1[3](11) 尺寸系數(shù) ?尺寸系數(shù)是考慮因尺寸增大使材料強(qiáng)度降低的尺寸效應(yīng)因素的系數(shù),由表 14-1-109 ,取 [3]1XZ?(12) 安全系數(shù) HS407.123.698150 308.12.169052 11??? ???HPXWRVLNTLimSZ?均超過(guò)當(dāng)初選定的最小安全系數(shù) =1.3,故齒面接觸強(qiáng)度核算通1 minHS過(guò)。4. 按輪齒彎曲強(qiáng)度校核(1) 齒向載荷分布系數(shù) FK?17()NFHK??21()bh?82.0)9.73(8.145.2. 2????Nmh158.0?FK(2) 齒向載荷分配系數(shù) ?1FaH?(3) 齒形系數(shù) FY?由于當(dāng)量齒數(shù) 21?Zn62由圖 14-1-38 ,取[3] 1.7FaY?2.6(4) 應(yīng)力修正系數(shù) S?由圖 14-1-43 ,取[3] 1.56SaY?1821.7SaY?(5) 重合度系數(shù) ?0.5.2an??1.68an?故 0.75.2.Y??(6) 計(jì)算齒根應(yīng)力因 由表 14-1-111 中方法二1.82a???[3]tFFaSAVFanYKbm?????式中 ——螺旋角系數(shù)。由于是直齒輪取 =1。Y? ?所以 19.203 31.8.1257.0126.48.6 .5738491? ????FF?(7) 試驗(yàn)齒輪的應(yīng)力修正系數(shù) STY由表 14-1-111 ,取 =2.0[3]STY(8) 壽命系數(shù) N19由 14-1-118 [3] 02.6)13(LNTY??60.218()9T15.49.3.2???NY(9) 相對(duì)齒根敏感系數(shù) relt?由文獻(xiàn)圖 16.2-23 知齒根圓角參數(shù) , .查表 16.2-48 知[2] 1.5sq?2s12reltreltY??(10) 相對(duì)齒根表面狀況系數(shù) RreltY由表 16.2-71 ,齒面粗糙度 ,按式 16.2-22 可得[2] 123.μma?[2]=0.9RreltY(11) 尺寸系數(shù) XY由表 14-1-119 的公式得[3] 01.4.051.051??????nXM(12) 彎曲強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù) FS202.519.2030.553.6821 ????FFXRreltltNTSFLimSYY?故 , 均達(dá)到表 14-1-111 規(guī)定的高可靠度 的要求,輪齒1F[] .0FLimS彎曲強(qiáng)度核算通過(guò)。3.1.2 低速級(jí)直齒圓柱齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算1.選擇齒輪材料小齒輪:20Cr2Ni4W ,滲碳淬火,表面硬度: HRc?60大齒輪:20Cr2Ni4W ,滲碳淬火,表面硬度: HRc 60由圖 14-1-24 和 14-1-53 ,按 ME 級(jí)質(zhì)量要求取值[3][3]得接觸疲勞極限,2lim1li2650NmH??彎曲疲勞極限。2li1li2F2. 初步確定主要參數(shù)(1) 由接觸強(qiáng)度疲勞極限計(jì)算許用接觸應(yīng)力 HP?由表 14-1-80 中公式[3] HGPLimS??式中 HLimS——接觸強(qiáng)度最小安全系數(shù)。由表 14-1-110 取 ;[3]1.3HLimS?21HG?——計(jì)算齒輪的接觸極限應(yīng)力 , 。2NmHGLimTVRWXZ??式中 ——潤(rùn)滑劑系數(shù)LZ——速度系數(shù),V——粗糙度系數(shù)。由文獻(xiàn)表 14-1-107 取 = = =1 ;R [3]LZVR——齒面工作硬化系數(shù)。由文獻(xiàn)表 14-1-30 取 =1;WZ []W——接觸強(qiáng)度計(jì)算尺寸系數(shù)。由文獻(xiàn)表 14-1-109 取 =1。? [3]?123650129.3MPaHPn????(2) 按接觸強(qiáng)度確定中心距并初步確定主要參數(shù)按直齒輪從表 14-1-175 選取 Aa=483,按齒輪不對(duì)稱布置、[3]速度較緩、沖擊載荷較小,初選載荷系數(shù) K=1.5,由公式 32(1)aHPTaA?????理論傳動(dòng)比 ;9.223?i大齒輪轉(zhuǎn)矩 T4=1615.73N m?齒寬系數(shù) 由表 14-1-175 ,取 =0.5,0.5(1)da???[3]d?經(jīng)圓整后取 0.3131.09.5??a?所以 22;75.1923.619.2307519.483????a(3) 初步確定模數(shù)、齒數(shù)、齒寬等幾何參數(shù)模數(shù)○ 1由表 14-1-3 公式[] 17.6~3.75.19)03.~16.(???m取 4.0?齒數(shù) 和○ 2 3Z19.67.283019.2475.3????Z經(jīng)圓整后取 643實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比;193.284323??Zi?傳動(dòng)比誤差 ?.0193.2??在傳動(dòng)比誤差范圍內(nèi)分度圓直徑 和○ 3 3d427681434???mZ齒寬 和○ 4 3b423340.5124678dab????3. 按齒面接觸強(qiáng)度核算(1) 分度圓上名義切向力 tFN6.123948.76203???dTt(2) 使用系數(shù) AK由表 14-1-81 取[3]1.25?(3) 動(dòng)載系數(shù) V由 10-4 查得精度等級(jí)為 7 級(jí),由圖 10-8 查得[4] [4]1.2VK?(4) 齒向載荷分布系數(shù) HK?由表 14-1-98 齒輪裝配時(shí)非對(duì)稱支承,精度等級(jí)為 7 級(jí)時(shí)[3]186. 62103.)1246(])(.0[.21 32? ?????bdbkH?(5) 齒間載荷分配系數(shù) HK?6.378.45129???bFtAH?24由表 14-1-102 得[3]1.HK??(6) 彈性系數(shù) EZ由表 14-1-105 取[3] 2189.Nm(7) 重合度系數(shù) ?計(jì)算重合度 73.10cos)]6831(2.8[cos)]1(2.381[4 ?????????Za由圖 14-1-19 取重合度系數(shù) =0.86[4] ?(8) 命系數(shù) NT應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù) 83 107.31057.286????L4 450由表 14-1-106 公式計(jì)算得[4] 12.)045.1(7.7.35.8920.1???NTZ(9) 齒面工作硬化系數(shù) W由表 14-1-30 取[4](10) 尺寸系數(shù) XZ由表 14-1-109 取[4]1?25(11) 安全系數(shù) HS33 1650.71.3929LimNTVRWXZZ?????44 46HiLS, 均達(dá)到當(dāng)初選定的最小安全系數(shù) ,故齒面接觸強(qiáng)度3H 1.3HLimS核算通過(guò)。4. 輪齒彎曲強(qiáng)度校核(1) 齒向載荷分布系數(shù) FK?()NH??21()bh?945???nmh所以 3.1)6.(86.0921)(8.0???FKN(2) 齒向載荷分配系數(shù) F?1.aHa?(3) 齒形系數(shù) FaY當(dāng)量齒數(shù)