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通知、請假條、邀請函 掌握書面表達(dá)應(yīng)用文的寫作技巧——如何寫通知、請假條和邀請函。 重點(diǎn)：清楚考查目標(biāo)，注重語言的實(shí)際運(yùn)用。 難點(diǎn)：注意這些應(yīng)用文體裁的格式。 很多學(xué)生無法把握這些體裁的寫作角度和要求，很多時候語言很好，但是沒有遵守這些體裁的寫作要領(lǐng)，故所得分?jǐn)?shù)不高。 一、通知 通知表示為：Notice，在具體寫通知時常省略。 （一）通知的格式： 1. 開頭：稱呼語，即通知的對象，Boys and girls, Fellow students等。 2. 正文是通知的具體內(nèi)容。要寫清楚時間、地點(diǎn)、活動內(nèi)容、注意事項(xiàng)等。同時可補(bǔ)充一到兩點(diǎn)相關(guān)內(nèi)容。 正文一般采用文章式，有時為了醒目，也可采用廣告式。廣告式要力求簡明扼要，一個句子可分幾行。每行第一個字母一般要大寫。 3. 結(jié)尾：即通知的習(xí)慣結(jié)束語。常用：Thank you. Thank you for your attention.等等。 （二）通知的時態(tài)： 通知一般指將要做的事情，時態(tài)應(yīng)該用一般將來時。 （湖北武漢）假如你是李明。本周五早上你班同學(xué)將去格林農(nóng)場參加實(shí)踐活動。請你用英語草擬一則通知。 內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下： 1. 摘蔬菜，給植物澆水； 2. 7點(diǎn)校門口集合，乘車前往； 3. 體驗(yàn)農(nóng)場生活，活動約2個小時； 4. 相互關(guān)照，注意安全； 5. 補(bǔ)充一至兩點(diǎn)有關(guān)事項(xiàng)。 注意： 1. 詞數(shù)：60~80； 2. 不要逐條翻譯，內(nèi)容要連貫； 3. 通知的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 參考詞匯：experience v. 體驗(yàn) pick v. 摘 activity n. 活動 Fellow students, Our class are going to Green Farm this Friday morning. ______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for your attention. One possible version: Fellow students, Our class are going to Green Farm this Friday morning. Would you like to experience farm life? We can pick up vegetables and water the plants. We’ll stay there for about 2 hours. I bet the meaningful activity will make the trip unforgettable. We’ll meet at 7 a. m. at the school gate and take a bus there. Remember always be with your classmates, help each other and never do anything that may hurt you. By the way, you’d better wear your sports shoes. Have a good time. Thank you for your attention. 二、請假條 （一）請假條的格式如下： 1. 假條的標(biāo)題為：Asking for leave。 2. 稱呼，Dear，向誰請假Dear后就加誰。 3. 假條正文先提出請假，繼而寫明原因以及請假多長時間并寫好結(jié)束語。 4. 簽名。 （二）請假條正文寫作點(diǎn)撥： 在假條開始處，應(yīng)該開門見山但是有禮貌地提出請假。 范例如下： I’m sorry that I can’t go to school tomorrow. 在假條的下面部分，應(yīng)該簡單明了地陳述請假的原因事由，要敘述清楚明白。 范例如下： This morning I had a toothache. I went to the dentist. He told me to pull it out. So I want to go there again. I will have a day’s leave tomorrow. 在假條的最后部分，表示感謝。 范例如下： Thanks. / Thank you! 假如你叫張強(qiáng)，在昨天下午的籃球比賽中不小心傷了左臂，醫(yī)生建議你在家休息兩天，因此你要向班主任趙老師請假。請根據(jù)以上信息，寫一則40詞左右的請假條。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version: Asking for leave Dear Miss Zhao, I am sorry to tell you that I can’t go to school today. I hurt my left arm in the basketball match yesterday afternoon. The doctor told me to have a rest at home for two days, so I will / have to ask for two days’ / a two-day leave. I hope I will get well and return to school soon. Thank you! Your student, Zhang Qiang 三、邀請函 （一）邀請函包括宴會、舞會、晚餐、婚禮等各種邀請信件，形式上大體分為兩種：一種為正規(guī)格式，亦稱為請柬；一種為非正式格式，即一般的邀請信，雖然一般邀請信在形式上不如請柬那樣正規(guī)，但是要求敘事一定要清楚、明白，因此書寫時應(yīng)注意： 1. 稱呼：Dear。 2. 寫明參加某項(xiàng)活動具體、準(zhǔn)確的地點(diǎn)和日期以及具體的時刻。 3. 與該活動有關(guān)的注意事項(xiàng)。 4. 期待對方接受邀請，并且表示感謝。 5. 結(jié)束語。 6. 簽名。 （二）必備句型 1. 常用開頭 (1) I’m writing to invite you to… (2) I’d like to invite you to… (3) Would you like to e to…with me? 2. 常用結(jié)尾 (1) We hope that you can e and look forward to seeing you. (2) I’m looking forward to seeing your reply. (3) I would be grateful if you could accept my invitation. 3. 常用過渡詞 表示列舉和順序的：firstly, secondly, thirdly, besides, then, etc. 表示時間過渡的：now, suddenly, later, etc. 表示概括總結(jié)的：in a word, in all, etc. 假如你是李梅，下周日你要在家舉辦一場舞會，你想邀請你的英國朋友妮可（Nicole）來參加這次舞會。 請根據(jù)下面的提示給她寫一封邀請函。 提示： Date: Next Monday, December 1st Time: 6:00-9:00 p.m. Address: 16 Park Road People: My friends 要求： 1. 語句通順、符合邏輯；可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮； 2. 70詞左右。開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Nicole, Hope everything is fine with you. I’d like to invite you to a dancing party. ______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Mei One possible version: Dear Nicole, Hope everything is fine with you. I’d like to invite you to a dancing party. I will have the party in my house next Monday, December 1st. It will be from 6:00 p.m. to 9:00 p.m.. My house is at 16 Park Road. Some of my friends will e to the party. They are all friendly and outgoing. For dinner, we will order some food from a Chinese restaurant. I’m looking forward to meeting you then. Please reply in writing to this invitation by this Friday if you can e to the party. Yours, Li Mei 加拿大著名專家(expert) Jim Green將于本周日來我校作演講,演講主題是“Saving Our Earth”，假如你是校學(xué)生會主席，請寫則通知，告訴全校同學(xué)。 時間：上午9:00 地點(diǎn)：學(xué)校禮堂 要求：帶好筆記本并做好筆記；保持會場安靜，不要亂扔垃圾。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version: Boys and girls, An expert called Jim Green from Canada will e to our school this Sunday. He will give a report on “Saving Our Earth”. The report will start in our school hall at 9:00 in the morning. Remember to bring your notebooks. Please keep quiet and don’t throw rubbish about. That’s all. Thank you. （答題時間：20分鐘） 1 假如你是Lucy,你要邀請你的同學(xué)韓梅梅參加你的生日聚會，請你根據(jù)下面表格提示信息，完成這封邀請函。 What Lucy’s birthday party Where Lucy’s house on Shanghai Street When 2:30-5:00p.m., Sunday How No.1 or No.2 bus Phone number 123456 要求： 1. 條理清楚，語意連貫、通順。 2. 70詞左右。 Invitation Dear Meimei, ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lucy 2 根據(jù)提示寫一張假條（Asking for leave） 提示：假如你是陳燕，得了重感冒，頭痛、咳嗽、睡不好，看了醫(yī)生，需要臥床休息兩天。因此，你向班主任王老師請假。 Asking for leave _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3 明天（星期五）全班同學(xué)將去參觀科學(xué)博物館(the Science Museum)，由你(班長)通知全體同學(xué)。內(nèi)容如下： 1. 早上8點(diǎn)鐘在校門口集合，步行前往。 2. 下星期一交一份有關(guān)參觀的報告。 3. 參觀時要認(rèn)真聽，仔細(xì)看并記下有趣的東西。 4. 不可在博物館內(nèi)大聲喧嘩及拍照。 5. 帶筆和筆記本。 要求：①不要逐句翻譯。 ②字?jǐn)?shù)60～80。 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________  1 Invitation Dear Meimei, I’d like to invite you to my birthday party. I will have the party in my house. It is from 2:30 to 5:00pm on Sunday. My house is on Shanghai Street. You can take No. 1 or No. 2 bus to get to my house. My phone number is 123456. I’m looking forward to meeting you then. Please reply in writing to this invitation by this Friday if you can e to the party. Yours, Lucy 2 Asking for leave Dear Mr. Wang, I’m sorry to tell you that I’m not feeling well today. I’ve caught a bad cold. I’ve had a headache and a cough. I didn’t sleep well last night. I went to see the doctor. The doctor told me to stay in bed for two days. So I can’t go to school today and tomorrow. I hope I’ll get well soon and go back to school the day after tomorrow. Thank you. Yours, Chen Yan 3 Fellow students， We are going to visit the Science Museum tomorrow. We will meet at the school gate at eight in the morning and we will go there on foot. Take your pens and notebooks with you. We should listen and watch carefully and write down something interesting when you visit the museum. Please don’t make any noise in the museum and don’t take any pictures. You’ll have to hand in a report about the visit next Monday. Thank you. 如何鴻雁傳書——書信寫作大全 了解應(yīng)用文書信的格式和寫作技巧。 重點(diǎn)：了解書信的寫作格式和寫作技巧。 難點(diǎn)：如何布局謀篇；如何落實(shí)要點(diǎn)；如何銜接；如何用高級詞匯和句型。 一、書信寫作格式： 英文書信是我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪凶畛Ｒ姷膽?yīng)用文體之一。英文書信，通常包括以下幾個部分： 1. 信頭：包括寫信人的地址和日期，通常放在信紙的右上角，順序是先寫地址，后寫日期。地址按由小到大的順序，門牌號碼—街名—縣、市名—省名—國名。日期可按照日、月、年或月、日、年的順序；（在通常的書信中常省略） 2. 稱呼：英文中稱呼一般以Dear開頭； 3. 正文：它是書信的主體部分； 4. 結(jié)束語：結(jié)束語位于正文之后，常用Your friend, Love 或Yours / Yours sincerely等，注意結(jié)束語之后必須加逗號。結(jié)束語通常寫在正文最后一行的下邊； 5. 簽名：簽名的位置位于結(jié)束語下面一行。 二、書信寫作技巧： （一）書信需要注意以下三個方面的內(nèi)容： 第一，首段回顧來信的內(nèi)容，轉(zhuǎn)述來信人的意圖。（一般文中已給出） 常用句型： I’m writing to tell you that… 我寫信是為了告訴你…… You told me that… 你告訴我…… I have learned that… 我得知…… 第二，第二段將文中提示的要點(diǎn)（即來信人的意圖）具體展開。（需要學(xué)生自己寫） 常用句型： （1）表達(dá)看法： From my point of view… 以我的觀點(diǎn)…… In my opinion… 以我的觀點(diǎn)…… As far as I know… 據(jù)我所知…… （2）表達(dá)經(jīng)歷： I’d like to share my experience with you. 我想和你分享我的經(jīng)歷。 My experience is very similar to yours. 我有和你非常相似的經(jīng)歷。 My experience may be helpful to you. 我的經(jīng)歷有可能會幫到你。 I had the same problem as you do. 我也有過和你一樣的問題。 I can understand you. I have the same experience as you. 我能理解你。我曾有過和你一樣的經(jīng)歷。 （3）表達(dá)建議： I have the following suggestions that may be helpful to you. 我有以下建議或許能夠幫到你。 The following suggestions may be helpful to you. 以下一些建議有可能會幫到你。 My suggestions are as follows. 以下是我的建議。 Here are some ideas for you. 以下是我給你的一些建議。 第三，末段寒暄一番或提供聯(lián)絡(luò)方式。（一般文中已給出） The above are my understandings of the problem. If you have any further questions, please feel free to contact me. 以上是我對這個問題的理解。如果你有任何其他問題，請隨時和我聯(lián)系。 （二）書信常用的連接詞和句型 1. What’s more, … 另外，…… 2. Above all, … 首要的是，最重要的是…… 3. In my opinion… 以我的觀點(diǎn)，…… 4. On one hand,… on the other hand, … 另一方面，…… 5. Besides, … 此外…… 6. What’s worse, … 更糟的是，…… 7. It’s important to do sth. 做……是重要的 8. It’s a good idea to… 做……是個好主意 9. You’d better do… 你最好做…… 10. not only…but also… 不僅……而且…… 11. Why not do...? 為什么不做……？ 12. In fact 事實(shí)上 13. After all 畢竟，究竟 14. instead of （用……）代替……,（是……）而不是…… 15. so…that…/ so that 太……以至于/以致 （三）給他人提建議的主要句型 和學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)的建議： 1. Above all, you should improve your study and encourage yourself to get good results in the exams by studying hard. 2. I think it’s very important for you to learn lessons well. 3. My advice is to make a plan for your study and work, ask your friends to work together with you, and tell your parents that you can manage things well. I wish you good luck. 4. Then I’d like to say the most important thing is that you must believe in yourself, cheer up and don’t think about that exam any more. 5. It’s very important to listen to the teacher carefully in class. 6. And you’d better relax or have a rest when you feel tired and sleepy. 和父母朋友有關(guān)的建議： 1. In my opinion, as good friends we should listen to their plaints and do our best to help them when they are in trouble. 2. You should talk about it with your parents. 3. I think you should try your best to talk with them about your problems. Don’t worry if they can’t understand you. 4. You’d better have a word with your parents and learn to accept others’ advice. 5. I think you need to have an honest talk with him so that you can understand each other better. 6. Besides, why not ask your teachers for help? Teachers always have some good suggestions, don’t they? 總之，要寫好這類作文，在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中就要做到積累各種句型，這樣在考場上才能游刃有余。 （湖南懷化）新課程改革減輕了我們的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)，讓我們有更多的時間參加各種課外活動。上星期，懷化市某中學(xué)初三（4）班的學(xué)生就“課外活動該干什么”進(jìn)行了討論。假如你是玲玲，請你根據(jù)下表提示，將同學(xué)們的建議用英語寫一封信告訴你的筆友David，并談?wù)勀阕约合胱鍪裁醇袄碛伞? Some students think Activities Reasons climb the mountains can keep healthy… read books improve ourselves… surf the Internet open up our eyes… Others think go traveling It is relaxing… do housework make parents happy I think … … 注意： 1. 信中請勿使用真實(shí)校名和姓名； 2. 內(nèi)容應(yīng)包含表格中的要點(diǎn)并可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮； 3. 詞數(shù)80詞左右； 4. 文章的開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear David, Last week we held a discussion on what we should do after school. The students in our class have different suggestions. Some students think _________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Lingling One possible version: Dear David, Last week we held a discussion on what we should do after school. The students in our class have different suggestions. Some students think we can climb the mountains, because it can help us keep healthy. We can also read some books. Reading books can improve us a lot. Surfing the Internet is also a good activity. It can open up our eyes and make our life colorful. But others have other ideas. They think we may go traveling. It’s relaxing to travel a lot. They also think we should do some housework. Doing housework can make our parents happy and relaxed. Then we can get along with our parents easily. I think whatever we do, if we can enjoy ourselves and do something useful, that’s OK. There is really a lot for us to do. What’s your idea? Please write to me. Yours, Lingling 假設(shè)你叫劉京，是美國中學(xué)生托尼的筆友，你收到他的來信。請給托尼寫一封回信，回答他的問題，向他介紹北京良好的公交服務(wù)，并談?wù)勀愕母惺堋? Hi! Liu Jing, My grandpa is going to Beijing next month because he has heard a lot about the city and he would like to see it himself. He says the bus service in Beijing is very good now, and people can go anywhere by bus. Is he right? Can you tell me something more about it? I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon. Yours, Tony Dear Tony, I’m glad to know your grandpa is ing to Beijing. ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If you have more questions, please ask me. Yours, Liu Jing One possible version: Dear Tony, I’m glad to know your grandpa is ing to Beijing. Your grandpa is right. The bus service in Beijing is really good now. There are bus lines all over Beijing and buses can even take you to a small village. Besides, special seats are offered on buses. People do not have to spend a long time waiting for a bus and the tickets are cheap. I like taking a bus because I think it’s fortable and also good for the environment. So it’s a good choice for your grandpa to travel in Beijing. If you have more questions, please ask me. Yours, Liu Jing （答題時間：20分鐘） 1 （南京）假如你是來自英國某中學(xué)的交換生Daniel，你想?yún)⒓佑⑽膱蠹圝inling Daily廣告中介紹的機(jī)器人培訓(xùn)班。 ROBOT COURSE Robot course for beginners at Starlight School Organized visits to Friendly Robots pany E-mail: robotcourse@jinling 請根據(jù)該廣告內(nèi)容，用英語寫一封電子郵件，詢問與該培訓(xùn)班相關(guān)的具體信息，郵件內(nèi)容須包括： 1. 培訓(xùn)班的起止時間以及周末是否上課； 2. 參觀機(jī)器人公司的具體安排； 3. 你還想了解的該培訓(xùn)班的其他信息。 注意： 1. 文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱； 2. 語句通順，意思連貫，條理清楚，書寫規(guī)范； 3. 詞數(shù)80詞左右。 Dear Sir/Madam, I’m writing to ask for information about the robot course for beginners at Starlight School. _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ Yours faithfully, Daniel 2 （四川綿陽）你的英國朋友Steve未經(jīng)允許在他爸爸的電腦上玩游戲?qū)е码娔X中毒，Steve心里很害怕，不敢向爸爸說，因此寫信向你求助。請你以Diana的名義根據(jù)內(nèi)容提示給Steve寫一封回信。 提示： 1. 指出Steve的兩點(diǎn)錯誤； 2. 最好立即向爸爸說出實(shí)情； 3. 建議Steve幫爸爸做些事，以彌補(bǔ)過錯。 要求： 1. 詞數(shù)80詞左右； 2. 短文中不得提及真實(shí)的人名和校名等信息； 3. 開頭與結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。 Dear Steve, Thanks for thinking of me at this time. I think you have made two mistakes. _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Oh, and next time, play basketball with your Dad! Best wishes, Diana 1 Dear Sir / Madam, I’m writing to ask for information about the robot course for beginners at Starlight School. Firstly, I’d like to know more about the course arrangement. For example, could you tell me how long the course will last? I prefer to know if there is any class for the weekend. Next, I’m interested in the visits to Friendly Robots pany. Would you tell me whether I need to pay? Finally, I wonder whether I’ll be able to design a robot myself at the end of the course. Thank you for your time and I look forward to hearing from you soon. Yours faithfully, Daniel 2 Dear Steve, Thanks for thinking of me at this time. I think you have made two mistakes. One is that you shouldn’t play puter games on your father’s puter without his permission. The other is that you are afraid to tell him the truth. I think since you have made mistakes, you must e up with ways to correct them. First of all, you had better tell him the truth immediately. Maybe he will be angry with you. Then you can do something to make him happy. For example, you can volunteer to do some housework. Do some sports with him. Tell him you will not make the same mistake next time. Oh, and next time, play basketball with your Dad! Best wishes, Diana 失物招領(lǐng)、尋物啟事 能夠掌握一些應(yīng)用文的寫作技巧——失物招領(lǐng)和尋物啟事。 重點(diǎn)：主要是這種應(yīng)用文的格式。 難點(diǎn)：實(shí)踐性強(qiáng)，語言準(zhǔn)確到位，格式正確無誤。 失物招領(lǐng)或?qū)の飭⑹聦儆趹?yīng)用文，在寫這樣的文章時，要注意寫清尋找或拾到的是什么物品，失主或撿到物品的人的姓名及聯(lián)系方式等。同時還要注意： 1. 仔細(xì)閱讀作文要求或提示，明確是寫失物招領(lǐng)還是尋物啟事。想清楚其格式。 2. 準(zhǔn)備好寫作素材，確定所要用的句型。 3. 注意所用語言：無論是失物招領(lǐng)還是尋物啟事都要力求言簡意賅，讓人一看就懂。 具體格式如下： 一、失物招領(lǐng) 如果你拾到別人的東西，你該怎樣歸還給失主呢？你需要寫Found，分六部分： 1. 標(biāo)題（Found）； 2. 拾到的東西； 3. 詢問某物是不是失主的； 4. 聯(lián)系人； 5. 聯(lián)系電話； 6. 右下角署上寫失物招領(lǐng)者的名字。 二、尋物啟事 當(dāng)你丟失東西的時候，你需要寫Lost，共五部分： 1. 標(biāo)題（Lost）； 2. 丟失的東西； 3. 失主的姓名； 4. 聯(lián)系電話； 5. 右下角署上寫尋物啟事者的名字。 假如你是Bill，你的手表丟失了，請寫一則尋物啟事，聯(lián)系電話是2367954。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Lost I lost my new watch. I couldn’t find it this afternoon. It’s white. Please call Bill at 2367954. Thank you very much. Bill 失物招領(lǐng)： 假如你是一所美國中學(xué)的學(xué)生 Cindy。你在學(xué)校撿到一個紅色背包，內(nèi)有黃色鑰匙一把。你的聯(lián)系電話是435-2639。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ One possible version: Found I found a red backpack in my school. A yellow key is in it. Is the backpack yours? My name is Cindy. Please call me at 435-2639. Cindy （答題時間：10分鐘） 1 瑪麗撿到戒指一枚，她在宿舍門口貼了一張非常簡單的失物招領(lǐng)。她的電話是235-0285。請寫出這則啟事。 2 假如你叫李明，在一中工作，今天早晨在上班的路上丟失了手提包。包里有一本英語書和一本詞典。請就此寫一則尋物啟事。你的電話是8850888，詞數(shù)40詞左右。  1 Found I found a ring. It’s yellow. Is it yours? Please call Mary at 235-0285. Mary 2 Lost I lost my handbag on the way to work this morning. There is an English book and a dictionary in it. I wish the finder to return it to me very soon. Will the finder please e to the No.1 Middle School or call me? My phone number is 8850888.My name is Li Ming. I’ll pay him or her for it. Thank you! Li Ming