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1、第六節(jié) 副詞副詞是用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子的一類詞,它可以表達(dá)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、程度、疑問等概念。一、 副詞的分類1.時(shí)間和頻度副詞:表現(xiàn)在:now, today, always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,hardly ever表過去:yesterday, then, ago, finally, late表將來:tomorrow, tonight, later (on), early, soon, next表完成:before, already, ever, never, yet2. 地 點(diǎn) 副 詞 : here, there, home
2、, somewhere, everywhere,anywhere, upstairs, downstairs, inside, outside, in, out, back, down,off, away 等(這些副詞前不用再加介詞 to)。3.方式副詞: 這類副詞多由形容詞加-ly 構(gòu)成,一般用來描述動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)“怎樣地”。如:carefully, quickly, quietly, easily,angrily, politely, suddenly, immediately, fast, well 等。4. 程 度 副 詞 : much, very, rather, quite, so,
3、little, too, still,enough, almost, nearly 等。5.疑問副詞: how, when, where, why6.關(guān)系副詞: when, where, why7.連接副詞: however, whenever, wherever, whether二、副詞的比較等級(jí)副詞也像形容詞一樣有比較等級(jí),也分為原級(jí)、比較級(jí)和最高級(jí),其詞形變化也與形容詞的比較表達(dá)法、詞形變化相同。如:Who can jump higher, you or he?誰跳得更高,你還是他?The man looked at them and said quickly. 那個(gè)男人看著他們,很快地
4、說。1.原級(jí)比較【句型 1】主語謂語as副詞原級(jí)as.(和同樣地)。如:I got up as early as he did this morning.今天早上我和他起得同樣早。He speaks English as well as an American (does).他英語講得和美國人一樣好。【句型 2】主語謂語(否定式)as/so副詞原級(jí)as.(不如那樣地)。如:He doesnt study as/so hard as you do. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如你那樣用功。Mary doesnt dance as/so beautifully as Helen does.瑪麗跳舞跳得不如海倫美。2
5、.比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)【句型 1】主語謂語副詞比較級(jí)than.(比更)。如:You study harder than he does.你學(xué)習(xí)比他用功。He doesnt study as/so hard as you do. 他學(xué)習(xí)不如你那樣用功。Helen dances more beautifully than Mary.海倫跳舞跳得比瑪麗美。Mary doesnt dance as/so beautifully as Helen does.瑪麗跳舞跳得不如海倫美?!揪湫?2】“副詞比較級(jí)and副詞比較級(jí)”表示“越來越”。如:He runs faster and faster.他跑得越來越快。
6、【句型 3】主語謂語副詞最高級(jí)(of/among.)。如:Tom runs fastest among us.我們當(dāng)中湯姆跑得最快。I like spring best of all seasons./Of all seasons, I like springbest.一年四季中,我最喜歡春季。注意:(1)比較級(jí)前可用 much, a little, still, even 或表示數(shù)量的短語修飾表示程度。如:He runs much faster than before.他比以前跑得更快了。(2)副詞最高級(jí)前一般不加 the,加 the 亦可以。一、how long, how soon, ho
7、w often 和 how far1.how long 表示“多久,多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”,對(duì)一個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)間段提問,常用“for時(shí)間段”和“since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”回答。如:How long have you been in China?你來中國多久了?For three months.有三個(gè)月了。2.how soon表示“多快,多久以后”,對(duì)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作提問,用于一般將來時(shí)的句子中,常用“in時(shí)間段”回答。如:How soon will he come back?他多久才能回來?In five minutes.五分鐘后。3.how often 表示“多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次”,對(duì)頻度提問,常用“once/twice/t
8、hree times a day/week/month/year 等”回答。如:How often do you visit your grandparents?你多久去看望你的祖父母一次?Once a week.一周一次。4.how far 表示“多遠(yuǎn)”,對(duì)距離提問。如:How far is it from your home to your school?你家離學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)?About two kilometers.大約兩千米。二、hard 和 hardlyhard 意為“努力地,辛苦地,劇烈地,猛烈地”,是程度副詞;hardly 意為“幾乎不”,是否定副詞。如:We should stud
9、y hard as students.作為學(xué)生,我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。I can hardly catch up with you.Can you walk a little moreslowly?我?guī)缀醺簧夏懔?,你能走慢一點(diǎn)嗎?三、much too 和 too muchmuch too 意為“非常,極其,太”,much 和 too 都是副詞,much 修飾 too,用以加強(qiáng)語氣,中心詞是 too, much too 修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí);too much 意為“太多”,中心詞是 much, too修飾 much,以加強(qiáng)語氣,too much 修飾不可數(shù)名詞,與 toomany相對(duì),too ma
10、ny 修飾可數(shù)名詞。如:The skirt is much too dear.這條裙子太貴了。Please dont eat too much ice cream.Its bad for your health.不要吃太多的冰激凌。它對(duì)你的健康不好。There are too many people in the supermarket.超市里人太多了。四、too, as well, also 和 eithertoo, as well 和 also 用于肯定句,too 和 as well 多用于口語,一般放在句末,而 also 多用于書面語,一般放在句中與動(dòng)詞連用。either 用于否定句,往
11、往放在句末。如:He went there, too.他也去那兒了。I like you as well.我也喜歡你。I also went there.我也去那兒了。He didnt go there, either.他也沒有去那兒。五、too, enough 和 sotoo 意為“太,很”,用于“too.to.”結(jié)構(gòu),表示否定意義“太而不能”;enough 意為“足夠”,用于“形容詞/副詞原級(jí)enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu),表示“足夠能”;so意為“如此”,用于“so.that.” 結(jié)構(gòu),表示“如此以至于”。如:The man is too old to look after himself.
12、 這個(gè)男人年紀(jì)太大了,照顧不了自己。The boy runs fast enough to win the game.這個(gè)男孩跑得足夠快,能贏得比賽。The camera is so expensive that I cant afford it.這個(gè)照相機(jī)太貴了,我買不起。六、already, yet 和 stillalready 表示某事已經(jīng)發(fā)生,主要用于肯定句;yet 表示某事還沒發(fā)生,但期待其發(fā)生,主要用于否定句和疑問句;still表示某事還在進(jìn)行,主要用于肯定句和疑問句,有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如:Weve already watched that film.我們已經(jīng)看過那部電影。I h
13、avent finished my homework yet.我還沒有完成我的作業(yè)。He still works until late every night.每天晚上他仍然工作到很晚。七、ago 和 beforeago 表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”,和表示時(shí)間概念的詞組搭配使用,常用在一般過去時(shí)的句子中;before 是指以過去或?qū)淼哪骋粫r(shí)刻為基準(zhǔn)的“以前”,也可泛指以前,常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的句子中。如:The meeting began five minutes ago.會(huì)議五分鐘前開始了。I have never been to Suzhou before.我以前從未去過蘇州。