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1、1(1)231. While there are many different interpretations of our body language, some gestures seem to be universal. (SB U21)盡管對于肢體語言的解釋五花八門，但某些手勢似乎是全球通用的。 4 while conj. 雖然；盡管；而 while從句可放于主句之前或之后，表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，相當(dāng)于but，但語氣沒有but 重。 My wife was silent while I was writing. 我讀書的時(shí)候，我妻子默默不語。 While hes good at scienc

2、e, his sister is absolutely hopeless. 他擅長理科，而他妹妹卻是不可救藥。 _(雖然我喜歡) the color of the hat, I dont like its shape. 【答案】While I like62. Pressing ones palms together and resting ones head on the back of ones hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means Im tired. (SB U21)雙手合十，把頭貼在手背上，同時(shí)閉上眼睛好像睡著的樣子，意思是“我

3、累了”。7(1)as if/though 表示“仿佛，好像”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句，如果是事實(shí)或可能性很大，多用陳述語氣。常與look, seem, appear, taste, smell, sound 等詞搭配。He is a happy-go-lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.他是個(gè)無憂無慮的人，好像世上沒有任何讓他發(fā)愁和煩惱的事。8(2)as if/though引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的情況不是事實(shí)，而是主觀想象或夸大性比喻，常用虛擬語氣。He walks as if he were drunk.他走起路來好

4、像喝醉了一樣。9(3)as if 后的方式狀語從句常為省略形式。The boy is running here and there as if （he was/were）searching for something lost on the sports ground.那個(gè)男孩到處跑，好像在尋找在操場上丟失了的東西。 She treats the boy _(好像她親生的一樣) The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _ whether he was going in the right direction.A. seeing

5、 B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see11【答案】as if he were her own sonDas if (he were going ) to see 的省略形式。12掌握不定式的五種形式和兩種語態(tài)；注意不定式的完成體，不定式符號的省略及不定式的主動表被動的情況。非謂語動詞（不定式）非謂語動詞（不定式）13動詞不定式是動詞的一種非謂語形式，在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語。在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語、定語和狀語等。14動詞不定式的構(gòu)成和形式動詞不定式的構(gòu)成和形式1. 構(gòu)成：to do /not(never)to do2. 形式：五種形式和兩

6、種語態(tài)15動詞不定式的變化:主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have been done進(jìn)行式to be doing完成進(jìn)行式to have beendoing否定式not/never to do not/never to bedone16使用不定式時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題使用不定式時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題1.凡是要省略to的情況如下：感官動詞和使役動詞后面接省to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。感官動詞有：feel (感到)， hear, listen to, look at, see, notice, watch(注視, 觀看)， obse

7、rve（仔細(xì)觀察）等。使役動詞有：have, let, make，表示“讓”。17He saw the girl read the book this morning.今天早上他看到這個(gè)女孩讀這本書。I felt someone touch me just now.剛才我覺得有人碰了我。I had him fix my camera.我叫他給我修照相機(jī)。18get有“讓”的意思，但不能作為使役動詞，其后要接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。They got him to work for them. 他們讓他為他們干活。注意：注意：以上各詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，后面的不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，要加上to (ha

8、ve指“有，讓”時(shí)不能變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)；let 后的不定式動詞若是單音節(jié)詞，就不帶to)。19He was let go.有人叫他走。I have a lot of friends to help me. But I seldom have them help me. (前者指“有”，后者指“讓，要”)我有很多朋友要幫我，但我很少讓他們幫我。20He often made his sister cry, but he was made to cry by his sister today.他常常把他妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他妹妹弄哭了。21在had better, would rather (than

9、)/ would rather than/would sooner (than)(寧愿而不愿), may/might as well（還是的好）, do nothing/anything/ everything but(except), help(幫助)（在英國英語中只有主語參與了不定式的動作才可省to） can（could）not but/can (could) not help but/cant choose but (只好別無選擇), why not 等結(jié)構(gòu)中都有to的省略情況。22I would die of hunger rather than beg in the street.我

10、寧可餓死也不在街上乞討。There is no bus running. I cannot choose but walk.沒有公交車；我別無選擇只有步行。I can do nothing but/except watch V.我無事可做，只有看電視。23I like nothing but to watch V.(謂語是like, 而不是do的各種形式，所以要加to)。除了看電視，我什么都不喜歡。I can help (to) clean your room.我能幫忙打掃你的房間。Why not have a try ? (表建議)為什么不試試呢？24在leave go(放開), make

11、do（湊合），let drop (fall) (故意說出)，let fly(放飛，發(fā)射，對大發(fā)脾氣),let go (放開)，go hang(不管)，make believe (假裝) 等固定短語中。25They made believe that they were policemen.他們假裝是警察。I cant let my work go hang.我不能扔下工作不管。262. 凡是要用to 的情況如下：在以下動詞后面作賓語：aim, afford, agree, ask, choose, claim, decide, seek, expect, hope, pretend, refu

12、se, manage, promise, want, wish, struggle, seem, appear, determine, range, guarantee, prepare, swear, threaten, proceed, prove, undertake, volunteer, happen(碰巧)等。27He wanted to help her. 他想去幫她。I aim/hope to finish it tomorrow.我打算明天完成。28I determined to tell you the truth.我決定告訴你真相。They pretended to be

13、 cleaning the room when I came in.我進(jìn)來的時(shí)候他們假裝在打掃房間。29 在 以 下 動 詞 后 面 作 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 ：consider(認(rèn)為)， advise, believe, want, allow, permit, forbid, recommend, require, urge, ask, ask for, beg, rely on, command, force, get, invite, persuade, remind, declare, discover, tell, wish, intend, encourage, inspire,

14、lead, enable, order, teach, warn等。30I forbid him to smoke in the office.我禁止他在辦公室抽煙。He reminded me to see my first teacher.他提醒我去看我的啟蒙老師。My parents encouraged me to write novels.我的父母鼓勵(lì)我寫小說。31在序數(shù)詞first，second 等以及l(fā)ast，best，only后作定語時(shí)要用不定式。He is the first to come.他是第一個(gè)來的。She is the only person to believe

15、me.她是唯一相信我的人。The boy was the last to come.這男孩是最后一個(gè)來的。32在used to, ought to , would like/love to, should like/love to, what(how, when, where, why, who)+ to 結(jié)構(gòu)中要用不定式。He used to get up early.他過去常常早起。33The boy should/would love/like to be taken to the cinema this evening.今天晚上男孩要被帶去看電影。I dont know what to

16、 do/how to do it.我不知如何是好。34用固定結(jié)構(gòu)作插入語:to tell (you) the truth(老實(shí)說)；to be frank (坦率地說)；to start (begin) with （首先）；to make things worse （使事情更糟糕的是）等。To tell you the truth, I dont agree with you. 老實(shí)說，我不同意你的看法。To make things worse, it began to rain now.更糟糕的是現(xiàn)在開始下雨了。35在too to ; enough to ; so as to; in ord

17、er to ;（only）to ;so/such as to (如此以致) 結(jié)構(gòu)中。 I read English outside so as not/in order not to disturb others. (so as to 不能放于句首，in order to 可以)我在外面讀英語，以免打擾其他人。36She was so weak as to be unable to work.她身體如此虛弱以致不能上班。He got to the station (only) to find the train had gone. 他趕到車站，發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。37常見類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有：only

18、 to hear, only to see/find, only to be told/informed注意：注意：不定式表結(jié)果通常指出乎意料的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞表結(jié)果指自然結(jié)果。His parents died, leaving him an orphan.他父母死了，使他成了孤兒。38動詞begin, start, continue等為進(jìn)行式時(shí)，后只能接不定式。Its beginning to melt.開始融化了。39在句型：主語（人或物）+is/was said/thought/believed/reported/supposed/known to 中。The girl is said t

19、o be studying abroad.據(jù)說這女孩在國外學(xué)習(xí)。The book is thought to have been translated into many languages.據(jù)說，這本書已被譯成多種語言。40用to來代替上文中出現(xiàn)過的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)或用在作賓語補(bǔ)足語的ask, tell, order, advise, persuade, warn, wish, permit, allow, forbid等動詞之后。I wont go if mother asks me not to(go).如果母親不叫我去，我就不去。41在表示“希望，決定，意愿”，如want, decide,

20、like, love, hope, wish, mean等動詞之后。 Would you like/love to have a cup of coffee?喝杯咖啡嗎？ Yes, I would like/love to.好的。423.主動表被動的情況：不定式作后置定語，與被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。I have no children to look after today. 今天我不用照顧孩子。He is looking for a room to live in.他正在找房子住。43注意：注意：當(dāng)不定式的動作和句子動作的執(zhí)行者不是同一個(gè)人

21、時(shí)，不定式要用被動語態(tài)。I will go home. Do you have anything to be taken to your parents? 我要回家了，你有東西要帶給你父母嗎？44不定式作形容詞的賓語，與句子主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時(shí)。The problem is difficult to solve.問題很難解決。She is a nice woman to work with.她很容易共事。45有些作表語的不定式，用主動表被動。She is to blame. 她應(yīng)該受到責(zé)備。The house is to let. 此房出租。464.表示“意圖”的動詞，如hope, ex

22、pect, intend, mean, want, plan, would/should like/love, think, wish, suppose等的過去式與to have done連用, 表示過去打算、希望、期待的事情沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)。47I intended to have called on you, but I had an unexpected visitor then.=I had intended to call on you, but 我原打算去看望你，但我來了一位不速之客。I should/would like to have taken pictures of her, bu

23、t I had no more films.我本想給她照相，但我沒有膠卷了。485.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：It is+形容詞+for/of sb. + to do 結(jié)構(gòu)It is kind/silly/unwise/clever/wrong/right/ foolish of sb. to do sth.(形容詞說明主語的特征)Its kind of you to help me.你幫助我真是太好了。49It is important/necessary/difficult/hard for sb. to do sth.（形容詞表示事物的性質(zhì)）It is important for us to learn English.學(xué)英語對我們很重要。