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1、第二部分第二部分 專題語法專題語法 高效突破高效突破專項(xiàng)專項(xiàng) 7 7 形容詞形容詞考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 1 形容詞的基本用法形容詞的基本用法高頻考點(diǎn)高頻考點(diǎn)精講精講1.作定語，放在名詞之前，不定代詞之后一般放在所修飾詞的前面，但修飾something，anything，nothing，everything等復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí)，須放在其后。如：Wed like to eat something sweet for dessert.關(guān)于甜點(diǎn)我們想吃甜的東西。2.作表語，放在系動(dòng)詞之后一些形容詞跟在連系動(dòng)詞be，feel，get，become，prove等后只能作表語，如：afraid“害怕的”；alone“獨(dú)

2、自的”；asleep“睡著的”；awake“醒著的”；alive“活著的”；well“健康的”；ill“病的”；frightened“害怕的”等。如：He lives alone，but he doesnt feel lonely.他盡管一個(gè)人住著，但不感到孤獨(dú)。3.作賓補(bǔ)，放在賓語之后一般常與make，leave，keep等動(dòng)詞連用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必須閉上眼睛。4.enough修飾名詞時(shí)，既可以放在名詞的前面，也可以放在其后面；然而，enough作狀語修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)該放在形容詞或副詞之后。如：We have enough time

3、 (time enough) to finish the work.我們有足夠的時(shí)間來完成這項(xiàng)工作。This hall is big enough to hold 1，000 people.這個(gè)大廳夠大，可以容納1000人。5.常見的名詞變形容詞的方法：名詞構(gòu)成方法意義舉例表示天氣的名詞y充滿的；多的cloudcloudy；windwindy表示方位的名詞ern方位的；朝方向westwestern；easteastern表示稱謂的名詞ly般的friendfriendly；mothermotherly表示時(shí)間的名詞ly每的weekweekly；monthmonthly表示物質(zhì)的名詞en材質(zhì)的wo

4、odwooden；goldgolden表抽象意義的名詞ful的carecareful；useuseful y的lucklucky less無的hopehopeless 表示大洲與國家的名詞n的；人的AsiaAsian；AmericaAmerican6.常見形容詞詞義辨析(1)live/lively/living/alive詳解見第一部分第16講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)4；(2)lonely / alone見本書第一部分第9講高頻考點(diǎn)精講考點(diǎn)4；(3)big / large / great / hugebig可以指程度、體積、重量等方面，使用最廣，常用于口語中The box is too big to

5、carry.這個(gè)盒子太大，拿不了。large側(cè)重指面積、體積和數(shù)量等。比較正式，不常用來指人。表示物時(shí)，可與big通用A large number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition.從全國各地來了很多人觀看展覽。great側(cè)重于形容抽象化的東西，常帶有主觀色彩。也可以修飾人或物，指人時(shí)，表示“偉大的，杰出的”Great changes have taken place in our country in recent years.近幾年來，我們國家發(fā)生了很大變化。huge強(qiáng)調(diào)尺寸、體積、容量“巨

6、大的”，指體積時(shí)，比large，great所指的體積大，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)重量There is a huge stone over there.那邊有一塊巨大的石頭。(4)fine / good / nice / excellent / wellfine多用來表示“(身體)健康的”，還可以表示“(天氣)晴朗的”How are you？你好嗎？Im fine，thank you.我很好，謝謝你It is a fine day today.今天是個(gè)好天氣。good可以指人的品質(zhì)好或產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量好等Jim is a good student.吉姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。nice往往帶一定的感情色彩，強(qiáng)調(diào)人的感覺，含有“美好的

7、，美味的，漂亮的”等意思Its very nice of you.你真是太好了。excellent通常指“極好的，優(yōu)秀的，卓越的”He is an excellent swimmer.他是一名優(yōu)秀的游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)員。well作形容詞講時(shí)，指“(身體)健康的”；還可作副詞，意為“(做得)好”，修飾動(dòng)詞Im quite well.我很健康。(5)high / tallhigh用于形容山脈、建筑物以及不與地面接觸的人或動(dòng)物；還有“高等的，高級的”之意The plane is so high in the sky.飛機(jī)在空中這么高。tall用于形容人、動(dòng)物或樹木的高You are not as tall a

8、s he.你沒有他高。(6)ill / sickill作“生病的”講時(shí)，只作表語He was ill last month.上個(gè)月他生病了。sick作“生病的”講時(shí)，既可作表語也可作定語She is looking after her sick father.她在照顧她生病的父親。(7)pleased / pleasant / pleasurepleased形容詞，只作表語，主語是人，常用于be pleased with“對感到滿意”結(jié)構(gòu)中He doesnt mind.In fact，he is even pleased.他不介意，事實(shí)上，他很樂意。pleasant形容詞，作表語時(shí)，主語為物；

9、作定語時(shí)，修飾人或物Wish you a pleasant stay here！希望你在這里待得愉快！pleasure名詞，意為“愉快，高興”Its my pleasure to meet you.認(rèn)識(shí)你是我的榮幸。(8)a few / few與a little / littlea few / fewa few可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“有一點(diǎn)”，few意為“幾乎沒有”(否定詞)You look sad，Kate.你看起來很傷心，凱特。Yeah，I have made a few mistakes in my report.是的，我在報(bào)告中犯了一些錯(cuò)誤。Several years ago few pe

10、ople knew Zhang Jie，but now he is famous in China.幾年前，很少有人認(rèn)識(shí)張杰，但現(xiàn)在他在中國很有名。a little / littlea little不可數(shù)名詞，意為“有一點(diǎn)”(還可接形容詞或比較級)；little意為“幾乎沒有”(否定詞)We need some more coffee.There is only a little left.我們還需要一些咖啡。只剩下一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)了。There is little milk in the fridge.Can you go and buy some? 冰箱里幾乎沒有牛奶了。你能去買一些嗎？考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2

11、 2 形容詞的排列順序形容詞的排列順序當(dāng)名詞由兩個(gè)以上的形容詞修飾時(shí)，這些形容詞的次序通常遵循一定的規(guī)則，一般不得隨意調(diào)換，也不能依照漢語的意思去排列。通?？砂聪旅娴拇涡蚺帕校?.限定詞，包括：冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格、數(shù)詞；2.表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞，如：beautiful，fine，interesting等；3.表示大小、長短、高低等形狀的形容詞，如：tall，high，small，little，round等；4.表示年齡、新舊的形容詞，如：young，old，new等；5.表示顏色的形容詞，如：black，white，blue等；6.表示國籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞，如：

12、Japanese，American，English，rural等。7.形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞，如plastic，silky，wooden等。如：two round blue plastic plates兩個(gè)圓形的藍(lán)色塑料盤；two big round new Chinese wooden tables兩張新的中國式的木制大圓桌?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 3 3 形容詞的原級、比較級以及最高級形容詞的原級、比較級以及最高級1.形容詞比較等級的構(gòu)成(1)形容詞(和副詞)比較等級的規(guī)則變化【口訣口訣】 比較級要變化，一般情況加er。詞尾若有啞音e，直接加r就可以。一輔重讀閉音節(jié)，輔音字母要雙寫。輔音字母y結(jié)尾，

13、變y為i加er。最高級加est，前面加the莫忘記。形容詞副詞若是多音節(jié)，只把more，most前面寫。(2)形容詞(和副詞)比較等級的不規(guī)則變化原級原級比較級比較級 最高級最高級原級原級比較級比較級最高級最高級good / wellbetterbestlittlelessleastbad / badlyworseworstfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthestmany / muchmoremostoldolder / elder oldest / eldest2.形容詞原級的用法表示A與B在某方面程度相同或不同時(shí)用形容詞原級。(1)肯定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：A.

14、as形容詞原級asB。如：She is as beautiful as her mother.她跟她媽媽一樣美。(2)否定句中的結(jié)構(gòu)：A.notas / so形容詞原級asB。如：He is as tall as his brother，but he isnt so heavy as him.他和他哥哥一樣高，但不如他胖。(3)表示“A是B的倍”時(shí)，用A.倍數(shù)as形容詞原級asB結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Her homework is three times as much as yours.她的作業(yè)是你的三倍。3.形容詞的比較級的用法(1)表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞比較級，其結(jié)構(gòu)為A.比較級thanB，即A

15、B(注意比較的對象要一致)。如：My bike is newer than his.我的自行車比他的新。(2)A.less多音節(jié)形容詞原級thanB，即AB。如：She is less friendly than before.她沒有以前友善了。(3)有表示程度的副詞 a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修飾形容詞時(shí)，該形容詞用比較級形式。如：It is even colder today.今天甚至更冷了。(4)表示兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇哪一個(gè)更時(shí)，用句型Which / Who is形容詞比較級，A or B？表示。如：

16、Who is better，Peter or Lily？誰比較優(yōu)秀呢，彼得還是莉莉？(5)表示“越來越”，用比較級and比較級；當(dāng)形容詞為多音節(jié)詞或部分雙音節(jié)詞時(shí)，用more and more形容詞原級。如：Our country is more and more beautiful.我們國家越來越美麗。(6)表示“越，就越”時(shí)，用“the比較級，the比較級”。如：For study，the more you pay，the more you get.對于學(xué)習(xí)，越努力越成功。(7)表示“兩者之間較的一個(gè)(of the two)”時(shí)，常用the比較級結(jié)構(gòu)。如：She is the thinne

17、r of the two.她是兩個(gè)人中較瘦的那個(gè)。(8)表示“比幾倍”時(shí)，用倍數(shù)比較級than表示。如：The box is twice larger than that.這個(gè)盒子比那個(gè)大兩倍。4.形容詞最高級的用法(1)表示三者或三者以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，用最高級形式。形容詞最高級前必須加定冠詞the，句末常跟一個(gè)in / of短語來表示范圍。但當(dāng)形容詞最高級前面有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾時(shí)，其前不能再用定冠詞。(2)表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用Which / Who isthe最高級，A，B or C？結(jié)構(gòu)。(3)表示“最的之一”時(shí)，用one of the形容

18、詞最高級結(jié)構(gòu)，該形容詞后面的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(4)形容詞最高級前面可以加序數(shù)詞，表示“第幾最”。(5)形容詞比較級結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示最高級含義。此類結(jié)構(gòu)有：比較級than any other名詞單數(shù)in/of.，比較級than the other名詞復(fù)數(shù)in/of.，否定詞比較級in/of.。如： Wang Wei is the tallest student in his class.Wang Wei is taller than any other student in his class.Wang Wei is taller than the other students in his cl

19、ass.No one is taller than Wang Wei in his class.王偉是他班里最高的學(xué)生。(6)形容詞最高級前面可以用物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格來修飾，此時(shí)不能再用定冠詞the?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 4 4 inging形容詞和形容詞和 ed ed形容詞的用法形容詞的用法1.ing形容詞表示主動(dòng)意義，多指事物對人的影響，一般修飾事物。2.ed形容詞表示被動(dòng)意義，多指人對事物的感受，主語一般是人，常用于sb.beed形容詞介詞結(jié)構(gòu)。ing形容形容詞詞ed形容詞形容詞例句例句surprising令人驚訝的surprised感到驚訝的This is a surprising s

20、tory.這是一個(gè)令人驚訝的故事。I am surprised at the news.我對這個(gè)新聞感到驚訝。interesting有趣的interested感興趣的I have an interesting book.我有一本有趣的書。He is interested in science.他對科學(xué)感興趣。exciting令人興奮的excited感到興奮的Have you heard of the exciting news? 你聽到這個(gè)令人興奮的消息了嗎？We are excited about the traveling.我們對旅行感到興奮。pleasing令人愉悅的pleased滿意的

21、，愉快的This is a pleasing trip.這是一次令人愉快的旅行。The teacher is pleased with our performance.老師對我們的表現(xiàn)很滿意。frightening引起恐懼的frightened害怕的This is a frightening story.這是一個(gè)可怕的故事。We are frightened of the ghost.我們害怕鬼。moving令人感動(dòng)的moved受感動(dòng)的Titanic is a moving film.泰坦尼克號是一部感人的電影。We are moved by Hong Zhanhui deeply.我們被洪戰(zhàn)

22、輝深深感動(dòng)。tiring令人疲倦的tired感到疲倦的Its a long tiring day.這是一個(gè)漫長的令人疲倦的一天。Im too tired.我太累了。fascinating迷人的fascinated著迷的What a fascinating voice！多么迷人的聲音！Many boys are fascinated by computer games.許多男孩子都迷上了電腦游戲。十年真題十年真題全練全練在歷年青島中考試題當(dāng)中，比較集中地考查了形容詞詞義的辨析和形容詞比較等級的基本用法。在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，應(yīng)特別注意形容詞詞義之間的辨析和形容詞比較級、最高級的不規(guī)則變化，注意各級別的典型用

23、法及各等級之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。答題時(shí)，應(yīng)注意上下文意思的連貫性和一致性，還應(yīng)注意一些潛在的聯(lián)系和語言習(xí)慣，掌握好各種形容詞等級的特定標(biāo)志、變化規(guī)律，注意上下文的一致，認(rèn)真、準(zhǔn)確作答。十年中考中形容詞是高頻考點(diǎn)，單項(xiàng)選擇一般一年三考以上，綜合填空B、C考查形容詞詞義和比較等級的用法。因此在2018年中考中也是必考點(diǎn)和高頻點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要做好充分的知識(shí)和練習(xí)準(zhǔn)備?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 1 1 形容詞的基本用法形容詞的基本用法1.2016青島，4題I like hiking in the forest because the air is pretty _D_.A.free B.dirty C.polluted D.fre

24、sh2.2014青島，2題There is only _B_ yogurt left.We need to buy some more.A.little B.a little C.few D.a few3.2014青島，8題The potato chips have been in the paper bag for half an hour.They are not _A_ any more.A.crispy B.sweet C.salty D.sour4.2013青島，4題Dave has _C_ friends here，so he often stays at home by hims

25、elf and feels lonely.A.many B.a few C.few D.several5.2013青島，10題How do you like the scarf?Very much.It feels _D_.A.hard B.sweet C.cool D.soft6.2013青島，12題It is _C_ that Mr.Guo sailed across the world by himself _ within about 130 days.A.terrified；successful B.scary；successfullyC.amazing；successfully D

26、.convincing；successful7.2010青島，19題The movie was _B_，I fell asleep halfway through it.A.funny B.boring C.exciting D.thrilling8.2009青島，24題Would you like to go out for a walk?Sure，the TV programs are too _D_.A.surprising B.interesting C.exciting D.boring考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn) 2 2 形容詞的原級、比較級以及最高級形容詞的原級、比較級以及最高級9.2008青島，1

27、7題What delicious cakes!They would taste_B_with butter.A.good B.better C.bad D.worse10.2015青島，6題This camera is too expensive.Id like a _C_ one.A.cheap B.cheapest C.cheaper D.more expensive11.2014青島，12題What do you think of the trip to Yunnan?Its _C_ trip Ive ever had.A.the most excited B.more excitedC

28、.the most exciting D.more exciting12.2013青島，17題This is _B_ fascinating town I have ever visited.Yes.Ive never seen a _ one.A.the worst；bigger B.the most；betterC.the better；best D.the worse；good13.2012青島，29題Being a volunteer，Ill try my best to offer _C_ help as I can to old people.A.so much B.as many

29、 C.as much D.so many14.2012青島，30題Have you ever been to Paris，one of _D_ cities in Europe?No.But one day I might go there on vacation.A.the pleasant B.the most excitedC.more wonderful D.the liveliest15.2011青島，23題In the piano contest，my brother didnt play well and I did _D_.A.very well B.much better C

30、.very good D.even worse16.2010青島，30題Between the travel plans，Id like the one with a _B_ price because I dont have so much money.A.higher B.lower C.cheaper D.more expensive17.2008青島，28題The more you read，_C_ you will get.A.the less B.the most C.the more D.much more猜押預(yù)測猜押預(yù)測1.Eating dumplings at the Spr

31、ing Festival is _ in China.A.patient B.lucky C.possible D.traditional2.Robot is so _ that he even has no time to stay with his children at weekends.A.busy B.smart C.serious D.pleased3.Helping others makes us very _.A.lonely B.proud C.lazy D.harmful4.My deskmate is really _.She likes to attend differ

32、ent activities after school.A.active B.quiet C.lazy D.honestADBA5.Why dont you buy the sweater?Its too _，and I dont have enough money to buy it.A.nice B.expensive C.popular D.cheap6.Have you seen the movie Baby Plan?Of course.I think its _ movie I have ever seen.A.funny B.funnier C.the most funny D.

33、the funniest7.How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Zhao Lei?Oh，I have never enjoyed a _ one before.A.worst B.best C.worse D.better8.Daniel is _ his twin brother.They are both 1.75 metres tall.A.taller than B.shorter thanC.as tall as D.so tall asCBDD9.What do you think of the environment in your

34、hometown?Its _.Both the air and the water are badly polluted.A.not bad B.as good as beforeC.not so good as before D.much better than before10.Jane has become much _ than before.She can express herself in public now.A.brave B.braver C.lazy D.lazier11.How do you improve your English?_ you speak，_ your English will be.A.The less；the more B.The more；the betterC.The less；the better D.The more；the less12.The hotel is very old.Its one of _ buildings in the city.A.old B.older C.oldest D.the oldestCBBD