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1、金太陽新課標資源網(wǎng) Unit4Great Scientists 單元綜合教案1（外研版必修4） Great Scientists 語言要點 單元要點預覽（旨在讓同學整體了解本單元要點） 詞匯 部分 詞語 辨析 1. character / characteristic 2. examine / check / test 3. cure / treat 4. blame / scold 5. reject / refuse 詞形 變化 1. scientific adj.科學的 science n.科學 scientist

2、 n.科學家 2. valuable adj.有價值的 value n. 價值 value v. 估價, 評價 3. instruct v. 教導， 命令 instruction n. 指示，用法說明 instructive adj.有益的，教育性的 4. enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的 enthusiasm n.狂熱，熱心 enthusiast n.熱心家，狂熱者 重點 單詞 1. conclude v. 斷定， 得出結論; 結束（正式）； 2. attend v. vt. 出席, 參加, 照顧, 護理, 注意 vi.專心, 留意 3. expo

3、se vt. 使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 v揭露 4. absorb vt. 吸收;使(精神)貫注;吞并 5. blame n過失, 責備 vt.責備, 譴責 6. instruct vt .教, 教導, 命令, 指示, 通知 7. contribute vi．& vt．捐助，捐獻，貢獻；投稿 重點 詞組 put forward 提出：提議以供考慮 in addition/ apart from 除……之外;另外 make sense 有意義 重點句子 1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time th

4、ere was an outbreak. 2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it ….. 重點語法 過去分詞做表語和定語 (見語法專題) I.詞語辨析 1). character/characteristic n. 【解釋】

5、character 性格，品質 （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字體，字符 characteristic 特點，特征（區(qū)別于其他事物） 【練習】選擇character 或characteristic 并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _______ was seen at its best when he worked with others. 2） People living in the city are different from those in the countryside

6、 in _________ . 3） What are the __________that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese? 4） Chinese __________ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world. 5） The main purpose of a play is to let the ________ speak for themselves as much as possible. Keys: 1) character 2) characte

7、r 3) characteristics 4) character 5) character 2). examine/ check /test 檢查 【解釋】 examine仔細察看或觀察（以了解情況或是否有問題或毛病） check檢查 （含有“校對”或“找錯”的意思） test 檢查，檢測（以某種手段來試一試某人或某物是否達到了一定的標準） 【練習】選擇 check , examine 或 test，并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1）I was being _______ for a driving license for the third time. 2）The doctor _

8、________ him carefully. 3）The interviewer always _______ her facts before sending them to the editor. Keys: 1) tested 2) examined 3) checks 3) cure/ treat 治療， 【解釋】 cure 表示治愈的結果 treat 表示治療的過程 【練習】選擇cure 或treat 并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1) After being ________ for such a long time, the wound ___________

9、at last. Keys: 1) treated; cured 4) blame/scold 責備 【解釋】 blame 責備；譴責； 歸咎于強調(diào)對某種可以解釋的失誤或不良行為的譴責或懲罰： scold 斥責”、“責罵”指大聲呵斥，責備，嘮嘮叨叨地說，常用于長輩對晚輩 【練習】 1）Don't _______ it on him, but on me. 2）The parents ______ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once. Keys: 1) blame 2) scolded 5)

10、 reject /refuse 拒絕 【解釋】 reject 后接名詞，（含對被拋棄的東西不屑一顧） refuse 后接名詞，動名詞 ，可表“謝絕” 【練習】選擇refuse 或reject 并用其適當?shù)男问教羁? 1）The Christian Church ________ his theory, saying it was against God’s idea. 2）I can’t stand working with Jane in the same office. She just ________to stop talking while she works. Keys

11、: 1) rejected 2) refuses II. 詞形變化 science n，科學 scientific adj.科學的 scientist n.科學家 announce v．宣布 announcement n.宣布 announcer n，廣播員，告知者 instruct v.．指導，命令 instruction n.指導，指示 instructive adj.有益的，教育性的 enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的 enthusiasm n.狂熱，熱心 enthusiast n.熱心家，狂熱者 valuable adj.有價值的

12、 value n. 價值 value v. 估價, 評價 【練習】根據(jù)句子結構，用括號內(nèi)所提供詞的適當形式填空 1) The _________ took a very ________ approach to _________.(science) 2) The ______ make a(n) ________ that all the details should _______ through the broadcast.(announce) 3) It is ______ and easy for the children to read some masterpiec

13、es with the _______ at the bottom of each page.(instruct) 4) “You don’t seem very ______ about the idea.” “I don’t mind,” she said, without much ______.(enthusiasm) 5) There is no any criterion to ______ whether it is _______ information. (value) keys: 1) scientist; scientific; science 2) a

14、nnouncer; announcement; be announced 3) instructive;instructions 4) enthusiastic; enthusiasm 5) value;valuable Ⅲ．重點詞匯 1. conclude vi.終結； 結束; 推斷； 決定 [典例] 1）The meeting concluded at ten o'clock. 會議于十點鐘結束。 2）It is hard to conclude. 這很難斷定。 [重點用法] conclusion n. 結束,結論 make／draw／reach／come to／

15、arrive at a conclusion下結論，得出結論； bring sth. to a conclusion使…結束； in conclusion作為結論，最后； [練習] 漢譯英 1） 我們推定藍隊無法按時抵達目的地。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2） 我們認定他并沒有告訴我們實情，也就是他在撒謊。 ___________________________________________________________

16、_______________________________ Keys:1) We concluded that the blue team could not reach the destination on time. 2) We concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth. That is, he was lying. 2. attend v. 1)注意；留意；處理(與to連用)=do with 2) 出席；到場： 3)照看；照料：=take care; look after [典例] 1）We'll attend to t

17、he problem later． 稍后我們將關注那個問題。 2）Which doctor is attending you? 哪一個醫(yī)生為你看病? [重點用法] attendance n． 出席，出席的人數(shù)，伺候，照料 attend school上學 attend a lecture/meeting聽講座/出席會議 attend a wedding/ceremony出席婚禮‘/參加典禮 [練習] 漢譯英 1） 他們在我們不在時管理事務。 ______________________________________________________________

18、____________________________ 2) 他在這個領域很出名，今晚會有成千上萬的敬仰者參加他的講座。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) They attended our affairs during our absence. 2) He is famous in this field, and tens of thousands of fans will attend his lecture this

19、 evening. 3. expose vt. 1)使暴露, 顯露 2)曝光 3)揭露 [重點用法] exposure n．(在日光、風雨、危險中)暴露，暴曬(后接to + n．)；(攝影的)曝光 be exposed to ….置身于……;暴露于… [典例] 1）A real artist can always expose his students to good art and music 稱職的藝術家總能使學生接觸美好的藝術和音樂 2）This film has been exposed. 這片子已經(jīng)感光。 3）He exposed the plan

20、 to the newspapers.他向幾家報紙透露了這個計劃。 4）Exposure to the cold wind left my lips feeling dry．我暴露在寒風中，覺得嘴唇干裂。 5）As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.作為戰(zhàn)地記者,她置身于多種危險中. [練習]用expose的恰當形式填空。 1）The soil was washed away by the flood，_____________bare rock． 2）The baby was left ____

21、________the wind and rain． 3）The _____________of the plot against the President probably saved his life． Keys: 1) exposing 2) exposed to 3) exposure 4. absorb 1) 吸收 2)使(精神)貫注 3)占用(時間) [重點用法] be absorbed in 全神貫注于;熱衷于; absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意力 [典例] 1）The equipment can absorb mo

22、isture from the air這一設備能從空中吸收水分 2）He is absorbed in study. 他專心讀書。 3）This job absorbs all of my time. 這件工作占用了我的全部時間。 [練習] 漢譯英 1） 顏色豐富的東西總能輕易地吸引孩子們的注意力。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2） 這雙新鞋特別設計了吸收能量的作用。 ______________________________

23、____________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy. 5. blame vt．責備；譴責；歸咎于； n．責怪；(過失、過錯等)責任 [典例] 1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic acci

24、dent happening yesterday． 那個粗心的司機該為昨天發(fā)生的交通事故負責。 2) Who is to blame for the failure? 誰該為這次的失敗負責? 3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure．學生因失敗而怪老師。 [重點用法] blame sb．for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事而指責某人 blame sth．on sb． 因某事而指責某人 sb．be to blame for(doing)sth． 因(做)某事某人應該受到譴責； 注意: be to bl

25、ame 應負責 (無被動形式)。 [練習] 漢譯英 1）看來霍亂的流行要歸罪于飲用水了. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2）這件事誰也不能怨. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3）他指責你玩忽職守. __________________________________________

26、________________________________________________ Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty. 6. instruct vt教導; 指示 [典例] 1）Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 劉老師去年給一個班學生上數(shù)學課. 2）The volunteers often go to an orp

27、han home to instruct orphans. in English 這些志愿者經(jīng)常去孤兒之家去教他們英語. 3）He was instructed when to start through the email. 他從郵件中得到出發(fā)時間的通知 4）He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往紐約。 [重點用法] instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教導,傳授技能 instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示, instruct that-clause通知 [練習] 漢譯英

28、 1）老職工對青年職工言傳身教. __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2）同時要求孩子們放學后留在教室里. __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words, but by

29、 deeds. 2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class. 7. contribute vi．&vt．捐助，捐獻，貢獻；投稿 [典例] 1）He contributed to the church．他向教會捐款。 2）He often contributes to this newspaper．他經(jīng)常向這家報社投稿。 3）Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer．吸煙是導致癌癥的主要因素。 [重點

30、用法] contribution. n. 捐獻，貢獻；投稿 contribute…to …向……捐獻(投稿) contribute to…促成，起作用，有助于 make a contribution to／towards向……捐贈；對…作出貢獻 注意: 以上短語中to為介詞； [練習]用contribute的恰當形式或短語填空。 1) Everyone is encouraged to ___________ the discussion. 2) Her work has ___________ our understanding of this dif

31、ficult subject. 3) She has __________ poems to literary magazines． Keys: 1) contribute to 2) contributed to 3) contributed Ⅳ重點詞組 （旨在提供綜合運用所需材料） 1．put forward 提出(建議等)；推薦某人或自己任職位；提名 [典例] 1）He put forward a new plan yesterday．他昨天提出一個新計劃。 2）May I put your name forward as a possible chair

32、man of the committee? 我能否提名你當委員會主席? [短語歸納] put on穿上；增加 put on performances演出 put an end to結束；終止 put off推遲；延期； put one's heart into全神貫注于 put down寫下 put out生產(chǎn)；撲滅 put back放回；送回 put up舉起；張貼 [練習]用put構成的短語填空: 1)You can take anything from the shelf，but ple

33、ase _______ the books when you've finished with them． 2)He often _______ some useful advice. Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward 2．a(chǎn)part from 除……之外;另外 [典例] 1）Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher．除了幾個缺點之外，他是一個很好的老師。 2）Apart from the cost，the dress doesn't suit me．姑且不論價格，這件禮服也不適合我穿。

34、[短語歸納] in addition to除……之外(還有,包括在內(nèi)) besides 除……之外(還有,包括在內(nèi)) except (for)除……之外除……之外(還有,不包括在內(nèi)) except that 除了…除……之外(還有,不包括在內(nèi)) [練習]選擇以上短語填空。 1) As a senior student, we study other subjects _________ English. 2) Your article is well written ________ some spelling mistakes. Keys: 1) besides/ i

35、n addition to/apart from 2) except for 3. make sense講得通；有意義 [典例] What he says makes sense．他說的有道理。 Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白這首詩的含義嗎? What you say is true in a sense．你所說的在某種意義上是真實的。 [短語歸納] make no sense講不通；無意義 make sense of 了解,明白 in a sense就某種意義而言；在某種意義上 [練習] 漢譯英 1） 老師試了

36、許多次，但這個長句依然講不通。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2） 從某種意義上說，這部影片富含意義。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not

37、make sense. 2) The film is full of meaning in a sense. V重點句子 （旨在提供句子結構等所需材料） 1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 每次瘟疫爆發(fā)，數(shù)以千計的人們在恐懼中死去． [解釋] every time可作連詞使用，引導時間狀語從句，意為“每次，每當”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作連詞引導時間狀語從句，意為“一……就……” [典例] 1

38、）Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us． 每次見到他，我就想起發(fā)生在我們之間的事情。 2）Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend. 一見到紙條，他就知道他誤會了他最好的朋友。 [練習] 漢譯英 １）每次我去找他，他都在專心看書． __________________________________________________________________________

39、________________ ２）我一見到她就把這本書給了她。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ ３）我一見到他就把這封信給他。 __________________________________________________________________________________________ ４）我一接到你的信就來了。 _____________________________________________

40、_____________________________________________ Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her． 3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him．4) I came directly I got the letter． ． 2. Only if you put the sun there did

41、 the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運動才能說的清楚． [解釋]Only 引導的狀語放在句首，句子需用半倒裝． ［練習］漢譯英 １) 只有用這種方法，你才能輕松地解決這個問題． __________________________________________________________________________________________ ２) 就在你失去它的時候，你才會懂得時間的寶貴． __________________________

42、________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is. 3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it …..

43、 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉． [解釋]with + 賓語+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases構成的復合結構在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條件等． ［典例］ 1）With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的帶路下，我們向森林進發(fā)。 2）She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠順

44、著臉頰流下來。 [練習] 漢譯英 1） 老師微笑地走進教室，身后還跟著一群小朋友． __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2） 隨著考試的結束，我們的假期開始了． __________________________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the

45、teacher came into the classroom with smile. 2) With the test finished, we began our holiday. 課文要點（模塊） Ⅰ課文詞匯等填空（旨在復習本課文中的單詞拼寫和主要詞語等） 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容完成下面語法填空，注意單詞拼寫和詞語用法： In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called "King Cholera" hit Londoners, which often 1 （導致）large numbers of 2 (dead). Th

46、anks to John Snow, a then well known 3 , this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 4 most important was to find its 5 . So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked 6 the 7 （受害者）had lived. As a result, he found out

47、 that the 8 (污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 9 （檢查）immediately. Finally "King Cholera" 10 (defeat). 答案：1. resulted in 2. deaths 3. doctor 4. the 5. cause 6. where 7. victims 8. polluted 9. be e

48、xamined 10. was defeated Ⅱ課文大意概括 （旨在訓練用30個單詞概括大意的能力） 閱讀課文，試著用30來個單詞概括課文大意或將下面的短文譯成英語 這篇短文的主要意思是說斯諾找到了一種叫做霍亂疾病的起因，這是19世紀發(fā)生在倫敦的一種致命的疾病。在斯諾的努力，該疾病終于得到控制。 The main idea of this passage is that _____________________________________________________________ _________________________________

49、______________________________________________________________ 答案：The main idea of this passage is that John Snow found out the cause of the disease called cholera which was a deadly disease in London in the 19th century. With Snow' s great efforts, the disease was finally under control. Ⅲ課文佳句背誦與仿

50、寫 （旨在培養(yǎng)對難句的理解和運用能力） 1【原句】John Snow was a well-known doctor in Landon－( and he was) so famous, indeed (插入語), that he attended Queen Victoria to ease the birth of her babies. [模仿要點]兩個簡單句合并成一句，很好地運用了插入語和符號來壓縮句子。 【模仿1】. 張老師是個熱心的老師，他那么善良我想當他的學生生病時他一定樂意幫助他們的。 _________________________________________

51、_________________________________________ 答案：Mr. Zhang is a warm-hearted teacher in our school—so kind, I think/ I believe/ I suppose/ I dare say (插入語), that he is sure to help his students when they are ill. 【模仿2】李平是我們班一位用功的學生。他那么勤奮我想晚上不到11點他不會上床睡覺的。 _____________________________________________

52、_____________________________________ 答案：Li Ping is a hard-working boy in my class－so diligent, I suppose, that he never goes to bed until 11 at night. 2【原句】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the

53、 solar system. [模仿要點] 冒號加that從句 【模仿1】雖然她不相信別人說的話，可她所收集的證據(jù)得出這樣的結論：她的男朋友騙了她。 __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Though she didn’t believe what other people said, the evidences that she collected led to the conclusion: that her boy friend cheated

54、her. 【模仿2】盡管他很聰明，但他不勤奮。他這學期所經(jīng)歷的失敗得出這樣的結論：不勞不獲 __________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Though he was very clever，he didn’t work hard and all his failure ( that she experienced) this term led to the conclusion: that no pains no gains. 3【原句】He placed

55、 a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. [模仿要點] 句子結構：with 的復合結構作定語修飾前面的名詞。 【模仿1】當你步入校園，在你面前是一個種著各種花草的大花壇。在花壇的兩邊是兩個高大的樓房：左邊是教學樓，右邊是圖書館。 ____________________________________________________________________________

56、______ 答案：When you enter the school, you can see in front of you a big flower bed with various kinds of flowers and grass growing in it and with two large buildings standing on both sides— the library on your right and the teaching building on your left. 【模仿2】 井底之蛙，永遠看不到天空的廣闊，“好男兒志在四方”，讓我們踏歌而行，

57、看高高的燈塔照亮我們遠航的路。（with 結構作狀語） __________________________________________________________________________________ The frog at the bottom of the well is always blind to the extension of the sky. “Ambitious men aims far.” Let's get started, with the tall lighthouse guiding our long voyage, and with

58、the voice of singing accompanying. 單元自測 （模塊） 1. 完形填空 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從21—30各題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。 字數(shù)：212 完成時間：15分鐘 難度：*** Lang Lang went to a piano school in Beijing when he was just eight. “You need 1 ,” his father said. “But if you don’t work hard, no fortune will come.” What

59、 made him sad was that his piano teacher in Beijing didn’t like him. As a nine-year-old boy Lang Lang was badly 2 . He decided that he didn’t want to be a 3 any more. For the next two weeks he didn’t touch the piano. 4 , his father didn’t push, but waited. Luckily, the day came when his t

60、eacher asked him to play some holiday songs. He didn’t want to, but as he placed his fingers on the piano key, he 5 that he could show others that he had talent after all. In the 1994 International Young Pianists Competition, when it was 6 that Lang Lang had won, he was too 7 to hold ba

61、ck his tears. Soon it was clear that he couldn’t stay in China forever—he had to play on the world’s big 8 . In 1997 Lang Lang 9 again, this time to Philadelphia, U. S. There he spent Two years practicing. After his 10 performance at Chicago’s Ravinia Festival, gigs(特邀演出) in Lincoln Cente

62、r and Carnegie Hall started pouring in. Lang Lang finally worked to reach the place where fortune spots him, and lets him shine. 1. A. exercise B. fortune C. knowledge D. wealth 2. A. hurt B. weakened C. ruined D. frightened 3. A. singer

63、 B. pianist C. conductor D. player 4. A. Hopefully B. Patiently C. Wisely D. Painfully 5. A. seemed B. admitted C. noticed D. realized 6. A. told B. mentioned C. announced D. recognized 7. A. excited

64、 B. encouraged C. shocked D. satisfied 8. A. conceits B. tours C. competitions D. stages 9. A. started Ｂ. left C. moved D. performed 10. A. successful B. cheerful C. respectful D. meaningful 答案：

65、 本文主要講述了一位鋼琴家成功之路的感人故事。 1. B 下文說“如果你不努力，幸運就不會到來”，因此上文是“你需要幸運”。 2. A 上文老師的話傷了朗朗，hurt表示傷了感情或身體，weaken意為減弱，ruin意為毀壞， frighten嚇倒，都不符合語境。 23. B 受到傷害的直接做法就是不再想做鋼琴家了。 4. C 朗朗兩個星期沒練琴，而爸爸沒有督促，只是等。下文中講到了爸爸終于等到了要聽的話，所以爸爸的做法是明智的(wisely)。 5. D 老師的話傷害了他，使他不再練琴，但當他的手再放在琴鍵上時，他就意識到(realize)他有能力向別人展示他最終還是

66、有天賦的。 26. C 當宣布(announced)朗朗獲勝時，他太激動(excited)忍不住流出淚水。 27. A 見第26題解析。 28. D 他不能永遠呆在中國，他要到世界的大舞臺(stage)上演奏。 29. C 1997年，朗朗又搬家了，這次是去了美國。 30. A 由下文的Lincoln Center和Carnegie Hall特邀演出接踵而至，說明他的演出很成功。 2. 語法填空 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個適當?shù)脑~或使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標號為31-40的相應位置上。 字數(shù)：178 完成時間：9分鐘 難度：** In the past, there lived a foolish man in a small kingdom called Zheng. One day he wanted to buy 31 a pair of new shoes. He measured his feet with a ruler first