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1、語法精講系列講座七主謂一致講座七主謂一致語 法 精 講英語中的主謂一致主要遵循三個原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。這三個原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但當(dāng)發(fā)生沖突時，意義一致原則為優(yōu)先考慮的原則。語法一致原則單數(shù)單數(shù)He is talking with his brother.復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)The boys are playing football.就近一致原則由or，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but (also).等連接與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致Either I or they are responsible for the result of th

2、e matter.Neither I nor he is in favour of her marriage.由there，here引起的主語不止一個時和最鄰近的主語保持一致There is a pen，a knife and several books on the desk.意義一致原則clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，equipment，luggage等不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Clothing is badly needed in this flooded area.以s結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科、國家、機構(gòu)、書籍、報刊等名稱的詞Politics is

3、often a topic for discussion.表示時間、重量、距離、價格、金錢、體積等復(fù)數(shù)名詞表達一個整體概念Forty miles was covered in a single night.由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等構(gòu)成的不定代詞Is everybody here today？動詞ing形式、動詞不定式和名詞性從句Persuading him to join us seems really hard.Whatever was left was taken away.意義一致原則由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)

4、單數(shù)War and peace is a constant theme in history.The singer and dancer is to attend our evening party.no/each/every/many a單數(shù)名詞and(no/each/every/many a)單數(shù)名詞Many a teacher and(many a) student has seen the film.one/every one/each/either/the numberof/the variety of復(fù)數(shù)名詞The number of students from the north

5、 is small.由and連接兩個并列成分表不同概念復(fù)數(shù)Steam and ice are different forms of water.一些常用復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞如arms，stairs，goods等。The goods are sold out.以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞如山脈、運動會、群島等。The Olympic Games are held once every four years.a number of名詞A number of students are from China.意義一致原則all，none，some，any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定單復(fù)數(shù)視情況而定

6、All is going on very well.All are present besides the professor.“half/most/enough/part/the rest/the last/lots/plenty/分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)of名詞”作主語，謂語要和of之后的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday.About 20 percent of the students are absent today.means，fish，sheep，deer 等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞Every means has been t

7、ried.All possible means have been tried.集體名詞company，class，population，minority，enemy，party，crowd，crew，audience，public，committee，government，majority，family，team，army，group等強調(diào)整體時謂語用單數(shù)，指個體成員時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)The class consists of twentyfive boys and twenty girls.The class are doing experiments.特別提醒由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞，如t

8、rousers，pants，jeans，compasses(圓規(guī))，glasses，shorts等作主語時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前用了 a pair of或two/three.pairs of來修飾，謂語動詞在數(shù)上要與pair保持一致。Your glasses are very nice.This pair of glasses is mine.Here are some new pairs of shoes.“名詞with，along with，together with，as well as，rather than，as much as，but，except等名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主

9、語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與第一個名詞保持一致。Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party.Dr.Smith，together with his wife，is to arrive on the evening flight.特別提醒由“kind(或form，type，sort，species，portion，series) of”等修飾的主語，其謂語形式常取決于這些詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。This new type of bus is now on show.Some new forms of art were discusse

10、d at the meeting.a quantity of后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，亦可接不可數(shù)名詞。如果a quantity of接不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞通常要采用復(fù)數(shù)形式(偶爾謂語動詞用單數(shù)，屬非規(guī)范用法，宜慎用)。quantities of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞，后面的謂語動詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.A large quantity of books are on sale now.Great quantities of fish were caught t

11、hat day.特別提醒若用and連接兩個動名詞、不定式短語或主語從句，表示兩個不同的概念則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式Riding on the elephants and rowing the boats were the childrens favourite games.Getting up early and going to bed early is a good habit.what和whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)從句所表達的意義上的數(shù)確定What he says and does do not agree.What he says and does does not concern me.