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北京2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（七） 專(zhuān)題十八 閱讀理解 第7講北京西城二模閱讀理解CD篇 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過(guò)閱讀理解高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。 C篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過(guò)程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 speak up 大聲講，暢所欲言 online adj. 在線的 get along with 與…和睦相處 disagree v. 不同意 opp. agree n. disagreement argue v. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論 n. argument respectfully adv. 恭敬地 adj. respectful discussion n. 討論 v. discuss calmly adj. 冷靜地，平靜的 point out 指出，指明 patient adj. 有耐心的 lie v. 說(shuō)謊，躺 n. 謊言 avoid v. 避開(kāi)，避免 wrong adj. 錯(cuò)誤的 opp. right trust v. 相信，信任 freedom n. 自由 adj. free 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問(wèn)的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：大約三分之二的孩子們說(shuō)他們與父母相處的很好。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，作said的賓語(yǔ)，that省略。 2. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：當(dāng)他們與父母意見(jiàn)不一致的時(shí)候，他們說(shuō)他們進(jìn)行了冷靜地討論。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，當(dāng)…的時(shí)候。 3. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：孩子們和父母在生命旅程的不同時(shí)期的相處是不同的。 本句翻譯時(shí)要注意中英語(yǔ)序的差別。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類(lèi)試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常常考察這些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝?！?，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類(lèi)題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長(zhǎng)，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意為“Meera Syal說(shuō)無(wú)聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為He became creative, because he could think freely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無(wú)聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，”，故選D。 題型 題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題 解釋 單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 設(shè)題方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過(guò)因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 3. 通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 4. 通過(guò)定義或釋義說(shuō)明來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義 5. 通過(guò)描述猜測(cè)詞義 6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義 7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 典題精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 通過(guò)同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無(wú)聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來(lái)”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。 題型 題型四：主旨大意題 解釋 考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。 設(shè)題方式 1. 問(wèn)標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____. 2. 問(wèn)中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 問(wèn)目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解題技巧 1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開(kāi)頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫(xiě)作意圖 典題精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過(guò)去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hanges in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問(wèn)題 （抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 題干及選項(xiàng) 1 According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? （細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. 2 What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? （細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. 3 According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? （細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 4 What can we learn from the passage? （推理判斷題） A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 通篇尋讀 （通讀文章，根據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語(yǔ)或句子，為逐題分析做準(zhǔn)備） 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類(lèi) 說(shuō)明文 380 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Kids Speak Up In an online poll (投票), TIME FOR KIDS and Kids Health. org asked kids how they are getting along with their parents. Here’s what they told us. Getting Along and Having Fun About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents. About four out of five told us they have fun with their parents. But that doesn’t mean they never disagree. In fact, most kids reported arguing with their parents sometimes. “It’s common to disagree and argue,” says D’Arcy Lyness, a child psychologist (心理學(xué)家). “But it’s also important to learn how to do so respectfully.” About half of the kids said they are doing that. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly. But two out of five kids said arguments always involve shouting at each other. Lyness points out that shouting never helps. “Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Don’t use a raised, angry voice.” Not surprisingly, three out of four kids admitted (承認(rèn)) to lying at times. Many said they lie to avoid getting in trouble or disappointing their parents. According to Lyness, lying isn’t just wrong. It can actually get bad results. Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says. A Changing Relationship Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun, feeling less close, and not getting along as well with their parents. According to Lyness, those feelings are not uncommon. As kids grow up, they have more disagreements or arguments with their parents. But it doesn’t have to be that way. “Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,” she says. As kids grow and change, it is important for everybody to adapt (適應(yīng)). “There’s a dance of ways that you act with others and get along,” she points out. “Then there’s a change, and it’s a different dance.” Change is normal, she stresses. Share this story with your family. You may find that you have a lot to talk about. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇日常生活類(lèi)的說(shuō)明文，主要闡述了孩子成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中在與父母相處方面遇到的一些問(wèn)題及針對(duì)這些問(wèn)題的解決方法。 1. According to the poll, how many kids get along very well with their parents? A. About 4/5. B. About 2/3. C. About 1/2. D. About 2/5. 解析：B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“根據(jù)這項(xiàng)投票，有多少孩子與父母相處的融洽？”，根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)get along very well with可將答案鎖定在文章第二段中，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents.可知答案為大約2/3，故選B。 2. What does Lyness advise kids to do when arguments happen? A. Listen to their parents calmly. B. Try to understand their parents. C. Voice their opinions with patience. D. Tell a white lie to avoid problems. 解析：C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵句when arguments happen可將答案鎖定在第4段中，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句“Speak up, and let your parents know your ideas,” she advises. “But be patient. Don’t use a raised, angry voice.”“大聲說(shuō)出來(lái)，讓你的父母知道你的想法，但是要耐心一些，不要用一個(gè)提高音調(diào)的，生氣的聲音。”，通過(guò)本句可知，在和父母發(fā)生爭(zhēng)論時(shí)，孩子應(yīng)該耐心的表達(dá)出自己的想法，故選C。 3. According to Lyness, which is a possible way for kids to get more freedom? A. To tell the truth. B. To care more about their parents. C. To make less trouble. D. To have a talk with their parents. 解析：A. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)get more freedom可將答案鎖定在文章第五段中，根據(jù)段中關(guān)鍵句Telling the truth builds trust. “When parents can trust you, they are more likely to give you more freedom.” she says. “講出事實(shí)能夠鑄造信任。“當(dāng)父母能夠相信你時(shí)，他們可能給你更多自由。”，故可以判斷要想獲得更多自由，應(yīng)該講事實(shí)，故選A。 4. What can we learn from the passage? A. Disagreements between parents and kids are avoidable. B. Kids ages 12 to14 lie more because they have less fun. C. The relationship between parents and kids stays the same. D. Both parents and kids should make changes to get on well. 解析：D 推理判斷題。本題需要逐項(xiàng)排除。A項(xiàng)意為“父母和孩子之間的分歧是可以避免的。”，根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“It’s common to disagree and argue,”可知“爭(zhēng)吵和分歧是常見(jiàn)的”，所以此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；B項(xiàng)意為“12到14歲的孩子撒謊更多，因?yàn)樗麄冇懈俚臉?lè)趣?！保鶕?jù)第六段關(guān)鍵句Kids ages 12 to 14 not only said they lie more, but they also reported having less fun,可知撒謊更多與樂(lè)趣更少之間不是因果關(guān)系，故此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C項(xiàng)意為“父母和孩子之間的關(guān)系保持不變”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life,”可知孩子在不同時(shí)期與父母之間的關(guān)系是不同的，故此項(xiàng)排除；D項(xiàng)意為“為了相處融洽，父母和孩子都應(yīng)該做出改變?！?，根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句Change is normal, she stresses.“改變是正常的”可知此項(xiàng)正確，故選D。 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1、2、3 推理判斷題 4 詞義猜測(cè)題 主旨大意題 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 speak up adj. 在線的 get along with v. 不同意 v. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論 respectfully adv. n. 討論 adj. 冷靜地，平靜的 point out adj. 有耐心的 v. 說(shuō)謊，躺 v. 避開(kāi)，避免 wrong adj. v. 相信，信任 freedom n. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 當(dāng)UFO著陸的時(shí)候，他正在購(gòu)物。 _____________________________________________. 2. 我知道他是一名加拿大運(yùn)動(dòng)員。 ______________________________________________. 3. About two out of three kids said they get along very well with their parents. ______________________________________________. 4. When they disagree with their parents, they say they have a discussion calmly. ______________________________________________. 5. Kids and parents get along differently at different times of the journey of life. ______________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 廣告布告類(lèi) 說(shuō)明文 353 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ Kids don’t have a voice. They have no way to share their ideas. TEDx Youth is a locally organized event, where live talks and recorded videos are shared with the community(社區(qū)). TEDx Youth is always held on Children’s Day every year. It brings together big ideas from, and for kids. More importantly, it encourages kids to share their ideas with the world. “Age is but a number. You’re not too young to change the world. Planning an event alongside young people makes you realize that kids have ideas that an adult might usually not think of,” said one TEDx Youth speaker. Another speaker said, “What I have come to realize is that no matter where you live or how old you are, everyone is eager to be someone great.” Organizing a TEDx Youth event shows that kids are able to do much more than what’s expected. They truly take this event and make it even more than what everyone hopes it will be. “The fact that youth, just like me, had planned and run the event shocked me most,” said one volunteer. “I thought the event was surprising. I couldn’t believe that kids of my age made the event happen.” There are several ways to take part in TEDx Youth. The easiest way is to become a speaker, if you think your idea is worth spreading. Another way is to attend an event. And lastly, you can become a TEDx Youth Reporter. Reporters take pictures from the event and post them on line, and send news about what is happening at event, interview some of the speakers, and write articles about the event. “It was wonderful to see how youth team members were with the whole event and how thankful they were (and still are!) to be given such an unbelievable chance as being part of a TEDx event,” said an organizer. TEDx Youth is welcoming kids from every culture who want to have a deeper understanding of the world. Those who get involved with it believe in the power of ideas, which can change attitudes, lives and the world. 1. What is the main purpose of holding a TEDx Youth event?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. To give kids a chance to record videos. B. To spread kids’ ideas all over the world C. To raise money for the local community D. To help kids with their schoolwork 2. What did a volunteer think of the event?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. Quite typical B. Pretty crazy C. Rather difficult D. Surprising good 3. One of a reporter’s jobs is to ____.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. give a talk B. do some interviews C. plan an event D. organize some activities 4. What is the best title of this passage?（主旨大意題） A. When Is TEDx Youth Held? B. Why can Kids Realize Their Dreams? C. How Can Kids Share Big Ideas? D. What Changes Can TEDx Youth Bring Us? 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 speak up 大聲講，暢所欲言 online adj. 在線的 get along with 與…和睦相處 disagree v. 不同意 argue v. 爭(zhēng)論，辯論 respectfully adv. 恭敬地 discussion n. 討論 calmly adj. 冷靜地，平靜的 point out 指出，指明 patient adj. 有耐心的 lie v. 說(shuō)謊，躺 avoid v. 避開(kāi)，避免 wrong adj. 錯(cuò)誤的 trust v. 相信，信任 freedom n. 自由 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. He was shopping when the UFO landed. 2. I know (that) he is a Canadian athlete. 3. 大約三分之二的孩子們說(shuō)他們與父母相處的很好。 4. 當(dāng)他們與父母意見(jiàn)不一致的時(shí)候，他們說(shuō)他們進(jìn)行了冷靜地討論。 5. 孩子們和父母在生命旅程的不同時(shí)期的相處是不同的。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C D篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 高頻詞 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 instead adv. 代替，反而，相反 limited adj. 有限的 limit v. 限制，限定 adventure n. 冒險(xiǎn) explore v. 探索，探險(xiǎn) suit v. 適合，使…適應(yīng) according to 根據(jù)，按照 put off 推遲 nearby adj. 附近的 pull away （火車(chē)等）開(kāi)始行駛 funny adj. 有趣的，好笑的 definitely adv. 當(dāng)然，肯定的 please v. 使高興，使?jié)M意 practical adj. 實(shí)際的，實(shí)用的 in case 以防，萬(wàn)一 sick adj. 生病的 長(zhǎng)難句 1. Instead, they walk around with backpacks filled with everything they need, ready to sleep under the stars if necessary.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：相反，他們背著裝著他們所需要的必需品的雙肩背包四處走走，如果有必要的話準(zhǔn)備好了在戶外睡覺(jué)。 本句中短語(yǔ)filled with everything they need為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，修飾backpacks，表示被動(dòng)，雙肩背包被裝滿…。 2. With their limited budget, they need to choose lodgings (住宿) and transport based on an old saying — the lower the price, the better.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：考慮到他們有限的預(yù)算，他們需要根據(jù)一個(gè)原則來(lái)選擇住宿和交通——價(jià)格越低，越好。 本句包含初中階段重點(diǎn)句型“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”，意為“越…，越…”，本句型也可以用在寫(xiě)作中。 3. Travelling with friends helps you learn about getting on with people and working together.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：和朋友一起旅行能夠幫助你學(xué)習(xí)與人相處和團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。 本句型中的travelling with friends為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒(méi)有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛(ài)的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問(wèn)題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問(wèn)題去讀，找到要回答問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫(huà)下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問(wèn)題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，出題者問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類(lèi)試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問(wèn)題包括詢問(wèn)人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說(shuō)明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-