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1、12（1）所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中。如：happen, take place, come about, occur, break out, disappear, arrive, rise, lie, come into being, come true, run out, give out (筋疲力盡), hurt (疼痛)等。Great changes have taken place in the city.這座城市發(fā)生了巨大的變化?！安荒苡糜诒粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的場(chǎng)合不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的場(chǎng)合3（2）所有的連系動(dòng)詞不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：be, become, get, tur

2、n, fall, appear, seem, grow, prove, look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等。The soup tastes delicious. 湯味道很好。The method proves practical. 這個(gè)辦法證明是可行的。4（3）表示歸屬的動(dòng)詞，如have, own, belong to等。The house belongs to her.這棟房子是她的。5（4）表示“依然”的動(dòng)詞。如：remain, stay, lie, stand等。He remains single. 他依然是單身。The table feels smoot

3、h. 這張桌子摸起來(lái)很光滑。6（1）當(dāng)feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容詞時(shí)。The news sounds exciting.這消息聽(tīng)起來(lái)振奮人心。注意：注意：當(dāng)feel, see, smell, taste, hear等感官動(dòng)詞作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí)，有被動(dòng)形式。They are tasting the soup.他們正在喝湯。 The soup is being tasted (by them).主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的場(chǎng)合主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的場(chǎng)合7（2）當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞cut, read, sell, wear, lock, open, close, write, burn, co

4、ok, wash等作不及物動(dòng)詞用，而且其后還有副詞如well, easily, hardly, nicely, smoothly等修飾時(shí)。These apples cook well. 這些蘋(píng)果適于烹煮。This metal cuts easily. 這種金屬容易切割。The match lights easily. 這火柴容易劃著。The door wont lock. 門(mén)鎖不上。8（3）want, require, need, deserve, (not) bear后面的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)表示被動(dòng)。The machine needs repairing. 機(jī)器需要修了。His language

5、wont bear repeating. 他的話(huà)不堪重述。9（4）be worth doing用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。The film is well worth seeing.這部影片很值得一看。10（5）在“be+形容詞+to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上是不定式的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)。This kind of water isnt fit to drink. 這種水不適合飲用。The girl isnt easy to get along with.這女孩很難相處。11（6）少數(shù)幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如：blame（責(zé)備），let（出租），seek (尋找)。 He was

6、 to blame for the accident. 他因事故要受到責(zé)備。There are many houses to let. 有很多房子有待出租。12（7）當(dāng)不定式作定語(yǔ)，句子的主語(yǔ)是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，反之用被動(dòng)。I have a lot of articles to type.（自己打字）我有很多文章要打印。I have a lot of articles to be typed. (別人打字)我得去打印很多文章。13（8）在介詞beyond, in need of 后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。His work is beyond praising. 他的工作叫人贊不

7、絕口。The teaching method is in need of improving. 教學(xué)方法需要改進(jìn)。14在英語(yǔ)中，有少量的及物動(dòng)詞常用其被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意思。如seat, dress, station(駐扎)等。 Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me? No problem.坐在教室后面的能聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)嗎？沒(méi)問(wèn)題。被動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)意思被動(dòng)表示主動(dòng)意思15() 1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they

8、 _ before leaving their hometowns. (2010福建卷)A. promisedB. were promisedC. have promisedD. have been promised16D考查時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)。每年都有大批農(nóng)民到深圳打工賺錢(qián)，在離開(kāi)家鄉(xiāng)之間他們已被承諾可以獲得這些工作機(jī)會(huì)。本句中含有定語(yǔ)從句，修飾jobs。promise sb. sth. 答應(yīng)某人某事，此處應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，并且動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。 17() 2. This coastal area _ a n a t i o n a l w i l d l i f e r e s

9、 e r v e l a s t year.(2010湖南卷)A. was named B. named C. is named D. names 18A根據(jù)主語(yǔ)“This coastal area”與name之間的被動(dòng)關(guān)系排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句中的last year判斷用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。19() 3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _.(2010全國(guó)卷)A. is made B. would makeC. was to be made D. had made 20C句

10、意：澳大利亞金子的發(fā)現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致成千上萬(wàn)人相信就要發(fā)財(cái)了。be to 將要，就要。make a fortune 發(fā)財(cái)，此處用的是被動(dòng)。 21() 4. Youve failed to do what you _ to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010四川卷)A. will expectB. will be expectedC. expectedD. were expected22D考查語(yǔ)態(tài)。由語(yǔ)意“你沒(méi)有達(dá)到期望”可知，定語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；從句中的主語(yǔ)you是動(dòng)詞expect的承受者，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。23() 5.

11、Why dont we choose that road to save time? The bridge to it _.(2009四川卷)A. has repairedB. is repairedC. is being repairedD. will be repaired24C考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知不走另一條路的原因是因?yàn)闃蛘诒恍?，所以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式。25書(shū)面表達(dá)：應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作技巧（五）歡迎辭書(shū)面表達(dá)：應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作技巧（五）歡迎辭【要點(diǎn)概述】歡迎辭是在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)生活的交際活動(dòng)中，在特定的場(chǎng)合對(duì)于客人的到來(lái)表示熱烈歡迎時(shí)所使用的一種專(zhuān)用文書(shū)。261. 歡迎辭一般分為三個(gè)部分：稱(chēng)呼

12、語(yǔ)，正文，結(jié)束語(yǔ)。最常用的稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)是 Ladies and gentlemen，如果在場(chǎng)的有比較重要的客 人 ， 也 可 專(zhuān) 門(mén) 給 予 稱(chēng) 呼 ， 如 : M r President, ladies and gentlemen。在學(xué)校中對(duì)同學(xué)的稱(chēng)呼，可用Boys and girls。如果有教師在場(chǎng)，可以說(shuō)Mr Li, boys and girls等等。272.正文是致詞的主體，是歡迎辭的核心部分。一種情況是歡迎某（幾個(gè)）人的到來(lái)，然后簡(jiǎn)要介紹到訪(fǎng)者的身份、經(jīng)歷和成就，最后邀請(qǐng)他（們）或她（們）發(fā)言。另一種情況是在某團(tuán)體組織的新成立開(kāi)張儀式上，如果是團(tuán)體組織，則要介紹這一組織的特點(diǎn)，還可簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明

13、一下活動(dòng)安排等。283.從語(yǔ)言特征上看，英語(yǔ)致詞的用詞要大方得體，文辭高雅而莊重，熱情禮貌而不失分寸，既口語(yǔ)化而又用語(yǔ)規(guī)范。294.常用客套話(huà)： Dear friends,/ Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school First of all, lets extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest(s) Thank you.30【體驗(yàn)高考】史密斯先生是從加拿大新來(lái)的外籍教師，即將教你們班英語(yǔ)，為了歡迎他的到來(lái)，請(qǐng)你在班上用英語(yǔ)作個(gè)歡迎辭。31內(nèi)容要

14、點(diǎn)：1.代表老師和全班同學(xué)熱烈歡迎史密斯教授的到來(lái)。2.簡(jiǎn)單介紹史密斯先生及其豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。3.邀請(qǐng)史密斯先生發(fā)言。(120詞左右)_32一、要求：時(shí)態(tài)：歡迎辭用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 二、要點(diǎn)提示：1.歡迎辭基本格式，包括開(kāi)頭、正文和結(jié)尾。2.以上要點(diǎn)不能遺漏。33One possible version：Ladies and gentlemen， / Boys and girls, We feel greatly honored today to be here with Professor Smith from Canada. Now allow me on behalf of all the

15、teachers and students of our class to extend our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our distinguished guest who has come from so far away to help us with our English studies.34 Professor Smith is an experienced language expert who has devoted himself to the teaching of English for the past 20 yea

16、rs. Its certainly our classs honor to have Professor Smith as our English teacher for the next year. Now let us invite Professor Smith to address us.35【強(qiáng)化演練】 你們學(xué)校新成立了英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部，作為組織者的你將在開(kāi)張典禮上作歡迎辭。介紹英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部成立的重要意義及其主要作用，并希望大家通過(guò)俱樂(lè)部加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)交流，以提高英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。(詞數(shù)：100左右)參考詞匯：代表 on behalf of；參加者 participant；衷心的 heartfelt_36

17、一、提示：1時(shí)態(tài)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)2格式：歡迎辭的開(kāi)頭稱(chēng)呼語(yǔ)、正文、結(jié)束語(yǔ)都要包含。二、要點(diǎn)提示：1. 歡迎參加者的到來(lái)；2. 介紹英語(yǔ)俱樂(lè)部成立的重要意義和作用；3. 邀請(qǐng)大家積極參加。37One possible version:Ladies and gentlemen， First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our English Club. We have been looking forward to seeing you for long

18、. It is a wonderful day today.38 Now I would like to introduce my club to you. Our club, organizing various activities regularly and meeting the needs of participants, is well-known among many English learners. If you want to meet native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with us. Thank you!