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1、中考總復(fù)習(xí)系列之中考總復(fù)習(xí)系列之2005.5一一 . 定義定義 簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō)簡(jiǎn)單的說(shuō) , 賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句就是一個(gè)或是幾從句就是一個(gè)或是幾個(gè)從句充當(dāng)主句中的個(gè)從句充當(dāng)主句中的賓語(yǔ)成分賓語(yǔ)成分。二二 . 主要類(lèi)型主要類(lèi)型 1） . 由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。由連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。 連接代詞或連接副連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的從句詞引導(dǎo)的從句只是在某些動(dòng)詞后只是在某些動(dòng)詞后能用作賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞有能用作賓語(yǔ)，這些動(dòng)詞有see , say , tell , ask ,answer , know , decide , wonder , understand , discuss ,show等等：等等： e.g D

2、o you know what he has said ? Can you tell me which class you are in ? Do you know what kind of person she is ? Lets see how we can finish the hard work . Have you decided whom you would visit tomorrow ? Please show me where your passport is . Lucy still wondered why he couldnt pass the exam . 2） .

3、由連詞由連詞 whether 或或 if 引導(dǎo)。（口語(yǔ)中常用引導(dǎo)。（口語(yǔ)中常用 if ） e.g She asked me if she could borrow these books . Lily wanted to know if / whether her grandma liked the handbag . 注：注：1)中所列的動(dòng)中所列的動(dòng)詞后詞后也?？捎靡渤？捎?whether , if 引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的從句作賓語(yǔ)；從句作賓語(yǔ)； e.g Im wondering if the letter is over - weight . I dont know whether this ans

4、wer is right . 另外，這種從句前面有時(shí)還可以另有賓語(yǔ)。另外，這種從句前面有時(shí)還可以另有賓語(yǔ)。 e.g Please tell me which book I should read first . You may ask the man over there how you can get to the bus stop . Did she say anything about how the work was to be done ？ 3)由由that引導(dǎo)。（引導(dǎo)。（ 在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中常省略 ） e.g He knew ( that ) he sh

5、ould work hard . He said ( that ) he would like to see the Headmaster . 注意：在某些句型中，特別是帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，注意：在某些句型中，特別是帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中，that 引導(dǎo)的從句常常移到后面去，前面用一個(gè)引導(dǎo)的從句常常移到后面去，前面用一個(gè) it 作形式作形式上的賓語(yǔ)。上的賓語(yǔ)。(但是，有時(shí)但是，有時(shí) it 也可以也可以省略省略） e.g We all thought it a pity that she couldnt come . I took his word for it that he would try

6、his best to help us .（他說(shuō)他（他說(shuō)他要想一切辦法幫我們，我相要想一切辦法幫我們，我相信他說(shuō)的是真話。）信他說(shuō)的是真話。） I take it that we are to leave early .（我想我們（我想我們動(dòng)身是會(huì)很早的。動(dòng)身是會(huì)很早的。）三三 . 賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該注意的一些情況賓語(yǔ)從句中應(yīng)該注意的一些情況 1.引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞 由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句，用連詞，用連詞 that 等引導(dǎo)，等引導(dǎo)，并且在口語(yǔ)中常常省略此詞：并且在口語(yǔ)中常常省略此詞：e.g He said （ that ）he had a new dictionary . I kn

7、ow ( that ) Lucy can play football very well . 但是，如果但是，如果 that 引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的是的是幾個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的賓幾個(gè)表示并列關(guān)系的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，最后一個(gè)語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，最后一個(gè) that 不不能省略。能省略。 e.g I know ( that ) Tom comes from France and that he teaches in a middle school in Guilin now . 由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的賓由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句，用從句，用 whether 或或 if 引導(dǎo)，并且兩詞可以互用。引導(dǎo)，并且兩詞可以互用。但是但是

8、 whether 可以和可以和 or not 連用，而連用，而 if 不能。不能。 e.g I want to know whether ( if ) she still lives there . Please tell me whether you can come or not . 由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句句，由特殊疑問(wèn)詞，由特殊疑問(wèn)詞 who , whom , whose , which , when , where , why , how 等等引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo) 。 e.g I dont know whose book it is . Do you know wher

9、e our English teacher lives ? The teacher asked what was happening . He wanted to know why you can play the piano so well .2 . 語(yǔ)句的順序語(yǔ)句的順序 無(wú)論主句無(wú)論主句是陳述句是陳述句還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都是還是疑問(wèn)句，賓語(yǔ)從句都是運(yùn)用陳述句運(yùn)用陳述句的語(yǔ)序，的語(yǔ)序，即是即是“主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后”的的順序。順序。 e.g Could you tell me how I can get to the Science Museum ? He asked hi

10、m where he came from . Did you know whats the name of the handsome boy in the classroom yesterday？ Please tell me where I can buy the beautiful flower .3 . 時(shí)態(tài)的變化時(shí)態(tài)的變化 . 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)不作限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何限制，我們可以根據(jù)句子的意思來(lái)使用需要的任何一種時(shí)態(tài)。一種時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g Tom has been to Guilin twice . she

11、 will come tomorrow .I hear ( that ) Jim went to work an hour ago . he is interested in English .當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用當(dāng)主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句必須運(yùn)用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一種時(shí)態(tài)，從而達(dá)到主句和從句的相互一致。相互一致。 e.g he would go to Xian . he was ill yesterday .He said ( that ) he was reading a book . he had had supper

12、 already . 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的是客觀存在的事實(shí)或者是客觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍觀存在的真理時(shí)，就不用受到主句時(shí)態(tài)的限制，仍是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。是用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。 e.g He said that the sun is much bigger than the moon . The teacher told the students that no news is good news . We should know what he said is only the truth . I know that he is an exe

13、llent student . The PE teacher said that doing morning exercise is useful to our health .4 . 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào) 賓語(yǔ)從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句決定，不受從賓語(yǔ)從句末尾的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)由主句決定，不受從句的限制。如果主句句的限制。如果主句是陳是陳述句或者是祈使句時(shí)用句述句或者是祈使句時(shí)用句號(hào)；而主句是疑問(wèn)句號(hào)；而主句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，句時(shí)，句末則用問(wèn)號(hào)。末則用問(wèn)號(hào)。 e.g He asked me if / whether I could help him . Please tell me which colour y

14、ou like best . Do you know where Li Ping is ? Could you tell me how to go the No.28 Middle School ? Would you please tell the teacher how old you are ?5 . 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定形式賓語(yǔ)從句的否定形式 一般而言，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定式一般而言，賓語(yǔ)從句的否定式與一與一般句子的否般句子的否定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)定式是一樣的。但若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是詞是 think , expect , believe , guess , imagine , suppose

15、等等表示表示“認(rèn)為，猜想認(rèn)為，猜想”的詞時(shí)，的詞時(shí)，一般一般要把賓語(yǔ)從句要把賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。 e.g I dont think its going to rain . I dont believe she will lend you the money . 但是，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是但是，如果主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 hope ，則不，則不適用于這種規(guī)則。適用于這種規(guī)則。 e.g I hope he wont come .6 . 賓語(yǔ)從句中的特殊情形賓語(yǔ)從句中的特殊情形 在把簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句的練習(xí)中，千在把簡(jiǎn)單句變?yōu)閺?fù)合句的練習(xí)中，千萬(wàn)要萬(wàn)要注意：注意： 句

16、式的轉(zhuǎn)變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語(yǔ)從句式的轉(zhuǎn)變：若原句是祈使句，不能用賓語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)，而應(yīng)該用句改寫(xiě)，而應(yīng)該用 “ ask sb. to do sth. ” 的句式。的句式。 e.g Dont open the door . （用（用 they 作主語(yǔ)變作主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句）為賓語(yǔ)從句） They ask not to open the door . 代詞的變化：如果將某人代詞的變化：如果將某人的原話變?yōu)榈脑捵優(yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，我們就應(yīng)該考慮代詞的時(shí)，我們就應(yīng)該考慮代詞的變化。變化。 e.g “ I come from Canada ” , Lucy says . Lucy says th

17、at she comes from Canada . 若由一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，若由一般疑問(wèn)句或特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序。具體如下：當(dāng)助動(dòng)詞是應(yīng)該用陳述句語(yǔ)序。具體如下：當(dāng)助動(dòng)詞是 does 或或 did 時(shí)，要去掉助動(dòng)詞，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)為時(shí)，要去掉助動(dòng)詞，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)為第三人稱(chēng)單第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式或過(guò)去式；當(dāng)是其它的助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，數(shù)形式或過(guò)去式；當(dāng)是其它的助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則要把這些則要把這些助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的后面。助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)的后面。 e.g I asked Tom , “ What do you like best ? ” I asked Tom what he liked

18、 best . The teacher asked me : “ Have you read the book ? ” The teacher asked me if I have read the book . He asked , “ Who can carry the box ? ” He asked who could carry the box . 五五 . 專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí) 1、Do you know how much hot water? AMum is neededBdoes Mum need CMum needsDdid Mum need 2、Can you tell me?

19、 Awhere he is Bwhere is he Che is whereDwhat is he 3、I didnt know how to London? Awould they goBare they going Cthey would goDthey are going 4、I want to know how long Ahas he been backBhas he come back Che has been backDhe has come back 5、Do you know? Awhat the news areBwhat is the news Cwhat the ne

20、ws is Dwhat are the news 6.- is true that she may fall behind the others. A.There B.This C.That D.It 7.The foreign friends think - the Chinese people are very friendly. A.that B.if C.since D.because 8.Id like to know - Chinese. A.when he began to learn B.when did he begin to learn C.when did he begin learning D.for how long he began to learn 9.The teacher asked us - the classroom after school. A.cleaned B.clean C.to clean D.cleans 參考答案：參考答案： CACCC DAAC