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北京2019中考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解（九） 專題十八 閱讀理解 第9講 北京朝陽(yáng)二模閱讀理解CD篇 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長(zhǎng)難句。 2. 掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過閱讀理解高頻詞、長(zhǎng)難句等語(yǔ)料的積累, 及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。 C篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無(wú)米之炊”, 在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語(yǔ)料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長(zhǎng)難句, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 basically adv. 基本上 nowadays adv. 現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)今 population n. 人口 drive v. 開車，駕駛 left adj. 左邊的 opp. right exact adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，嚴(yán)密的 generally adv. 一般地，通常 obviously adv. 明顯地 happen v. 發(fā)生 force v. 強(qiáng)迫 continue v. 繼續(xù) change v. 改變 become v. 變成 avoid v. 避免 trouble n. 麻煩 長(zhǎng)難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：當(dāng)拿破侖攻占了這個(gè)國(guó)家，他強(qiáng)迫他們?cè)诼返挠覀?cè)行進(jìn)，這件事使左手驅(qū)動(dòng)在歐洲范圍內(nèi)傳播開來(lái)。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 2. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英國(guó)殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：這就是為什么印度，澳大利亞和在非洲的前英國(guó)殖民地繼續(xù)在左側(cè)駕駛。 本句中包含著一個(gè)由why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍。”只有語(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常常考察這些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝?！保鶕?jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行推斷 題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長(zhǎng)，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意為“Meera Syal說無(wú)聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為He became creative, because he could think freely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無(wú)聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，”，故選D。 題型 題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題 解釋 單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語(yǔ)的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷。 設(shè)題方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 2. 通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 3. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 4. 通過定義或釋義說明來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義 5. 通過描述猜測(cè)詞義 6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義 7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 典題精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無(wú)聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來(lái)”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。 題型 題型四：主旨大意題 解釋 考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。 設(shè)題方式 1. 問標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____. 2. 問中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 問目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解題技巧 1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語(yǔ)氣及寫作意圖 典題精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變?？梢耘卸ù鸢笧镃hanges in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。 語(yǔ)篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 題干及選項(xiàng) 1 Nowadays, ______of the worlds population drives on the right of the road.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. around 74% B. around 65% C. around 19% D. around 17% 2 On Roman coins we can see pictures of horsemen ______.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. travelling throughout Europe B. passing on each others right C. practicing riding in the country D. getting on the horses from the right 3 Which of the following is true according to the passage?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. Sweden changed to drive on the right in 1974. B. People drive on the left side of the road in Egypt. C. Napoleon helped with the spread of left-hand driving. D. People have known the exact reasons for driving on the left. 4 What is the writers purpose for writing this passage?（主旨大意題） A. To explain the advantages of the two ways of driving. B. To compare the differences of the two ways of driving. C. To introduce the development of the two ways of driving. D. To complain about the change of the two ways of driving. 通篇尋讀 （通讀文章，根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語(yǔ)或句子，為逐題分析做準(zhǔn)備） 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 說明文 340 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ There are basically two ways of driving in the world：if the drivers seat is on the left and cars travel on the right side of the road, it is called “l(fā)eft-hand driving”, as it is in China; Instead, it is called “right-hand driving”, as it is in Britain. Nowadays, around 65% of the worlds population drives on the right of the road, while the rest is used to driving on the left. Though no one knows the exact reasons, it seems likely that people in ancient times travelled on the left. Roman coins show pictures of horsemen passing on each others right. And right-handed people generally got on a horse from the animals left. Obviously, its safer to do this at the left side of the road, so it makes sense for the horse to be ridden on the left. A change happened in the late 1700s. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe. However, Britain still stuck with the right-hand driving role and countries which were part of the British Empire were made to follow. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英國(guó)殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left. One exception is Egypt, as that country was defeated(打?。゜y Napoleon before becoming part of the British Empire. Some countries changed sides until modern times. Sweden only moved to driving on the right in 1967 and Iceland changed the following year. Ghana changed sides in 1974. On September 7, xx, Samoa became the third country ever to change from left- to right-hand driving for the reason that it made it easier to import(進(jìn)口）cheap cars from right-hand driving Japan, Australia and New Zealand. So if you want to travel to mother country or go on business, make sure you know whether it is left- or right-hand driving to avoid unnecessary troubles. 逐題分析 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇日常生活類的說明文，主要介紹了左手驅(qū)動(dòng)和右手驅(qū)動(dòng)兩種路面駕駛方式，它們的歷史及發(fā)展。 1. Nowadays, ______of the worlds population drives on the right of the road. A. around 74% B. around 65% C. around 19% D. around 17% 解析：B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞the worlds population drives on the right of the road可將答案鎖定在文中第一段中，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句Nowadays, around 65% of the worlds population drives on the right of the road可知在路的右側(cè)駕駛的人口數(shù)為65%，故選B。 2. On Roman coins we can see pictures of horsemen ______. A. travelling throughout Europe B. passing on each others right C. practicing riding in the country D. getting on the horses from the right 解析：B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可將答案鎖定在文章第二段中，根據(jù)段中關(guān)鍵句Roman coins show pictures of horsemen passing on each others right.可知正確答案為B. 3. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. Sweden changed to drive on the right in 1974. B. People drive on the left side of the road in Egypt. C. Napoleon helped with the spread of left-hand driving. D. People have known the exact reasons for driving on the left. 解析：C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題需要逐項(xiàng)排除，A意為“瑞典人在1974年改變?yōu)橛覀?cè)駕駛”，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句Sweden only moved to driving on the right in 1967可以判定此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除；B意為“在埃及人們?cè)诘缆返淖髠?cè)駕駛”，根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句One exception is Egypt“埃及例外”，本句話前面的句子說的是左側(cè)駕駛，埃及例外，可以推斷出埃及應(yīng)該不是左側(cè)駕駛，故此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除；C意為“拿破侖幫助了左手驅(qū)動(dòng)的傳播”，根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe.可以判定此項(xiàng)正確；D意為“人們已經(jīng)知道了左側(cè)駕駛的精確原因”，根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句Though no one knows the exact reasons可以判定此項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，排除，故本題選C。 4. What is the writers purpose for writing this passage? A. To explain the advantages of the two ways of driving. B. To compare the differences of the two ways of driving. C. To introduce the development of the two ways of driving. D. To complain about the change of the two ways of driving. 解析：C 主旨大意題。本題需要我們選擇的是文章的寫作目的，A意為“解釋兩種駕駛方式的優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，文章中沒有提到，故排除；B項(xiàng)意為“對(duì)比兩種駕駛方式的不同”，本項(xiàng)文章有涉及到，但不夠全面；C項(xiàng)意為“介紹兩種駕駛方式的發(fā)展”，瀏覽全文會(huì)在各段中發(fā)現(xiàn)一些時(shí)間短語(yǔ)，可判斷出此項(xiàng)正確；D項(xiàng)意為“抱怨兩種駕駛方式的改變”，文章沒有提到這一點(diǎn)，排除故選C。 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法） 語(yǔ)篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語(yǔ)篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1、2、3 推理判斷題 詞義猜測(cè)題 主旨大意題 4 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 basically adv. nowadays adv. population n. v. 開車，駕駛 adj. 左邊的 adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，嚴(yán)密的 generally adv. obviously adv. v. 發(fā)生 v. 強(qiáng)迫 continue v. v. 改變 v. 變成 v. 避免 trouble n. 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 因特網(wǎng)是如此有趣，它使任何事都有可能發(fā)生。 _____________________________________________. 2. 原因是你不信任她。 ______________________________________________. 3. When Napoleon conquered（攻占）nations, he forced them to travel on the right side of the road, which spread left-hand driving throughout Europe. ______________________________________________. 4. This is why India, Australia and the former British colonies（前英國(guó)殖民地）in Africa continue to drive on the left. ______________________________________________. 5. This is the family which is planning to move to the city. ______________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 說明文 323 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ The most interesting thing to see in Malaysia is the ever-increasing number of festivals held around the country. Made up of traditional cultural celebrations, religious (宗教的) holidays and modern sporting or cultural events, Malaysia’s festivals mean there’s always a party to be found. More traditional events, such as World Kite Festival, the Magic of the Night and the Lantern Festival—to name just a few—all appear in many calendars around the nation. Traditional religious celebrations, such as Chinese New Year and Christmas, are also popular in Malaysia and are celebrated across different cultures and backgrounds. The greatest event of the year’s calendar for any food lover will be the Malaysia Gourmet Festival, held throughout chosen hotels in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur. One of the most popular of these new additions is the Malaysia Year End Sale, which runs from November through to early January. All around the nation there’re cheaper sales. When it comes to the celebrations, Malaysians are some of the most generous (慷慨的) people in the world. During many of the year’s important events, Malaysians will open their homes to friends, families and strangers (including tourists) in a tradition known as “Rumah Terbuka” or “Open House”. Attending an Open House is a great opportunity to join the Malaysian, make friends and enjoy delicious local food. The government or local groups will also sometimes offer an Open House in a larger place, such as a big hall. Everyone is welcome to take part in such events, which have helped create a positive (積極的) air. xx has been decided to be the Year of Festivals in Malaysia—so there’s never been a better time to visit Malaysia than now. Just turn the page to see some of the important events taking place over the next 12 months. And for more information on traveling to Malaysia, please visit www.tourism.gov.my. 1. What kind of festival is World Kite Festival in Malaysia?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. A traditional event. B. A religious holiday. C. A sporting event. D. A cultural celebration. 2. Which of the following is the greatest event for food lovers?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. The Lantern Festival. B. The Malaysia Year End Sale. C. The Magic of the Night. D. The Malaysia Gourmet Festival. 3. The underlined part “Open House” in the passage means “______”.（詞義猜測(cè)題） A. leaving one’s room door open B. keeping a shop open day and night C. letting visitors stay at one’s home D. offering visitors free hotel rooms 4. What is the writer’s purpose in the passage?（主旨大意題） A. To encourage us to visit Malaysia. B. To report some interesting festivals. C. To share his own experience. D. To introduce a foreign country. 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語(yǔ)英漢互譯 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 basically adv. 基本上 nowadays adv. 現(xiàn)在，當(dāng)今 population n. 人口 drive v. 開車，駕駛 left adj. 左邊的 exact adj. 準(zhǔn)確的，嚴(yán)密的 generally adv. 一般地，通常 obviously adv. 明顯地 happen v. 發(fā)生 force v. 強(qiáng)迫 continue v. 繼續(xù) change v. 改變 become v. 變成 avoid v. 避免 trouble n. 麻煩 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. Internet is so interesting, which makes all possible happen. 2. The reason was that you don’t trust her. 3. 當(dāng)拿破侖攻占了這個(gè)國(guó)家，他強(qiáng)迫他們?cè)诼返挠覀?cè)行進(jìn)，這件事使左手驅(qū)動(dòng)在歐洲范圍內(nèi)傳播開來(lái)。 4. 這就是為什么印度，澳大利亞和在非洲的前英國(guó)殖民地繼續(xù)在左側(cè)駕駛。 5. 這是要搬進(jìn)城里的一家。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A D篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 高頻詞 單詞/短語(yǔ) 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 clearly adv. 清晰的 actually adv. 事實(shí)上 cause v. 引起，導(dǎo)致 consider v. 考慮，認(rèn)為 confusing adj. 令人困惑的 opposite adj. 相反的 invitation n. 邀請(qǐng) v. invite polite adj. 有禮貌的 probably adv. 大概，或許 expect v. 期待，預(yù)料 touch v. 觸動(dòng) interrupt v. 打擾 remind v. 提醒，使想起 suggest v. 建議，暗示 n. suggestion 長(zhǎng)難句 1. Although this sentence is not very common in England any more, it clearly shows how we dont always say what we mean. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：雖然這句話在英國(guó)不再常見了，但它清晰地展示了我們是怎樣總是說的與所要表達(dá)的意思不一致的。 本句話包含了由although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，“雖然…”，但要注意although不與but連用。 2. If I didnt want you to come, I wouldnt have invited you in the first place!（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：如果我不想讓你來(lái)，我就不會(huì)在一開始邀請(qǐng)你了。 本句為由if引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句，這部分知識(shí)是高中的語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)，可以簡(jiǎn)單了解。 3. This reminded me again that politeness depends on which culture were in. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：這再一次提醒我禮貌取決于我們處于哪一種文化之中。 本句包含著一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句做on的賓語(yǔ)。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z(yǔ)料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語(yǔ)料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來(lái)看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來(lái)，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來(lái)說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語(yǔ)選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來(lái)我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語(yǔ)為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝?！保鶕?jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作