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1、語法專題(七)非謂語動(dòng)詞 一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能 成分類別主語表語定語賓語補(bǔ)語狀語同位語獨(dú)立成分不定式Ving 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式(以make為例) 語態(tài)與意義 形式與用法類別語態(tài)意義和用法主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)Ving一般式(not)making(not)being made常表示“主動(dòng)”和“進(jìn)行”完成式(not)having madehaving been made表示Ving的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，一般在句中作時(shí)間或原因狀語不定式一般式(not)to maketo be made不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之后或(幾乎)同時(shí)發(fā)生進(jìn)行式to be making謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)

2、，不定式動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。 三、關(guān)于非謂語動(dòng)詞的幾種被動(dòng)形式的使用和區(qū)別被動(dòng)形式意義與用法to beVed表示未做的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或行為beingVed表示正在做或進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或行為having beenVed表示先于某個(gè)動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作或行為(一般不用作后置定語)Ved表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或行為，其動(dòng)作可以先于主句動(dòng)作，與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或是主句動(dòng)作之后的延續(xù)結(jié)果。 四、不定式、Ving形式和Ved作不同句子成分的用法區(qū)別 1.不定式、Ving和Ved作狀語的區(qū)別 (1)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)常用作目的狀語，表示結(jié)果常見于下列搭配：soas to；suchas to；enough to；tooto；never t

3、o.，only to(通常是一個(gè)未曾料到的不愉快的結(jié)果)。 這樣考過 (全國)The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. Alooked atBto look at Cto looking at Dlook at 解析：句意：當(dāng)這位著名的女演員走進(jìn)入教室時(shí)，所有的孩子都轉(zhuǎn)過頭去看她。此處用to look at表目的。 答案：B (福建三地五校)She returned home from the office，only _ the door open and something missi

4、ng. Ahas found Bto be found Cto find Dfound 解析：由句意：她從辦公室回到家，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)門開著，也丟了東西。知only to find作結(jié)果狀語，表出乎意料的結(jié)果。 答案：C (湖南十校聯(lián)考)If the food tastes nice，well buy some；if _，_. Ano; no Bnot; not Cnot; no Dno; not 解析：第一空用not; if not表“如果不”，在此相當(dāng)于if it doesnt taste nice；而第二空也用not，相當(dāng)于we wont buy。 答案：B (北京朝陽區(qū))Peters mob

5、ile phone was left in a taxi accidentally，never _ again. Ato find Bto be found Cfinding Dbeing found 解析：彼得的手機(jī)偶然落在一輛出租車上了，再也沒找到。此處用不定式做結(jié)果狀語，手機(jī)做句子主語，因此與find是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B (2)現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、讓步和結(jié)果；過去分詞作狀語表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和讓步?，F(xiàn)在分詞與邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，過去分詞與其邏輯主語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 這樣考過 (上海)A small plane crashed into a hill

6、side five miles east of the city，_ all four people on board. Akilled Bkilling Ckills Dto kill 解析：句意：一架小型飛機(jī)在城東五英里外的山坡上墜毀，機(jī)上四人全部喪生。用kill的現(xiàn)在分詞形式killingwhich killed作結(jié)果狀語。 答案：B (福建)In April,2009，President Hu inspected the warships in Qingdao，_ the 60th anniversary of the founding of the PLA Navy. Amarkin

7、g Bmarked Chaving marked Dbeing marked 解析：句意：2009年4月，胡主席在青島檢閱了海軍艦隊(duì)，這也是中國人民解放軍海軍成立60年的標(biāo)志。 答案：A (2008浙江)_ that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest. ANot realized BNot to realize CNot realizing DNot to have realized 解析：題意為“沒有意識(shí)到自己正處于很大的危險(xiǎn)之中，艾瑞克走進(jìn)了森林更深處”。realize和句子主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以

8、用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。不定式作狀語表示目的或者結(jié)果，與題意不符，故可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。 答案：C (四川)_ many times，he finally understood it. ATold BTelling CHaving told DHaving been told 解析：句意：他被告知了好多次，最后他終于懂了。這道題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句子主語是he，句子前是一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)，he與動(dòng)詞tell存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且動(dòng)作存在先后順序。 答案：D 2不定式和Ving作賓語的區(qū)別 (1)疑問代詞/副詞動(dòng)詞不定式。 這種結(jié)構(gòu)常用于下列動(dòng)詞后：know，make up ones mind，decide，

9、find out，learn，understand，wonder，forget，see，settle等。也可以用于介詞后。 這樣考過 (2007海淀)Have you thought about_to give her as a present? Awhat Bwho Cwhich Dwhere 解析：考查疑問詞加不定式的用法。此處根據(jù)句意應(yīng)用what。 答案：A (2007東城)I used to work in a nursery before so I know_to expect in this new job. Awhat Bhow Cwhy Dwhatever 解析：what什么；

10、how如何；why為的原因；whatever無論什么，任何東西。What to expent in this new job.作know的賓語，what作expect的賓語。 答案：A (2)不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不作介詞賓語。介詞接v.ing作賓語。 特例：but，except表示“除外”時(shí)，其前如有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，不定式的符號(hào)to須省略，其他情況下要用帶to的不定式。 這樣考過 (江西重點(diǎn)聯(lián)考)_ the tonics(補(bǔ)品)are probably not harmful_ your wallet，Heller thinks that people who try them may no

11、t realize how highly caffeinated they are. AWhile; except for BAs; except for CWhile; except to DAs; except to 解析：語境為：雖然補(bǔ)品也許無害除了對(duì)錢包之外但是Heller認(rèn)為嘗試補(bǔ)品的人可能沒有意識(shí)到它們的咖啡因含量有多高。此處while表示“盡管，雖然”，用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；句中的to表示對(duì)象。 答案：C (3)只能跟to do作賓語的動(dòng)詞：agree，pretend，afford，appear，attempt，choose，dare，decide，be determined，f

12、ail，happen，hope，learn，manage，offer，refuse等。 這樣考過 (北京石景山區(qū))I hope _ with her about that during the time we _ at college. Ato talk; studied Bto have talked; are studying Cto talk; were studying Dto have talked; were studying 解析：句意為“我希望上大學(xué)的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)跟她談?wù)勀羌隆！?答案：D (2008河北唐山摸底)Will the Johnsons leave for Aust

13、ralia this spring? No，they finally decided _. Anot to leave Bnot leaving Cnot to Dnot to be leaving 解析：當(dāng)不定式的內(nèi)容和前面的重復(fù)時(shí)，不定式可以省略，但不定式的符號(hào)to不省略，其否定形式為not to。這里是decided not to leave的省略。 答案：C 注意：既可以跟to do又可以跟sb.to do的動(dòng)詞有beg，expect，promise，want，wish，would like/love；可以跟to do但不可以跟sb.to do的動(dòng)詞有hope，decide，refus

14、e，manage，pretend，offer，plan，agree等。 (4)只能跟Ving作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：imagine，escape，cant help，enjoy，miss，allow，advise，consider，delay，excuse，feel like，finish，forbid，give up，keep，mind，permit，practise，put off，suggest等。 這樣考過 (2008上海高校春季)As a new driver，I have to practise _ the car in my small garage again and again. A

15、parking Bto park Cparked Dpark 解析：practise vt.“實(shí)踐，練習(xí)”，其后必須接動(dòng)名詞，不能用不定式作賓語。句意為：作為新司機(jī)，我不得不在我的小車庫里一遍又一遍地練習(xí)停車。 答案：A (2006北京)I cant stand_with Jane in the same office.She just refuses_ talking while she works. Aworking; stopping Bto work; stopping Cworking; to stop Dto work; to stop答案：答案：C 注意：上述大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞可在Vin

16、g前加上邏輯主語，邏輯主語通常用名詞或代詞的所有格表示，也可用它們的賓格表示： Do you mind their/them making noises here? 你介意他們?cè)诖顺臭[嗎？ (5)有些動(dòng)詞既可以跟不定式作賓語，也可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語。區(qū)別如下： love，like，hate，prefer跟Ving表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作或行為；跟to do表示某次具體的行為。 forget，remember，regret跟Ving表示事情已做過；跟to do表示事情還沒做。 這樣考過 (海淀)He loves breathing fresh air in the suburbs and _ in the

17、morning sunshine. ASit Bsitting Csits Dis sitting 答案：B try跟doing表示“試著做”；跟to do表示“盡力做”，相當(dāng)于seek to do/attempt to do/make an effort to do。 這樣考過 (2007南京)Id like to learn more about the Doha Asian Games. Better try_the CCTV website，and you are likely_the information in no time. Ato visit; to get Bto visi

18、t; getting Cvisiting; to get Dvisiting; getting 解析：try doing sth.意為“試著做某事”；be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，be likely后不可接動(dòng)詞ing。 答案：C mean跟Ving表示“意思是，意味著”；跟to do表示“打算做”。 這樣考過 (2006湖南)If you think that treating a woman well means always _her permission for things，think again. Agets Bgot Cto get Dgetting 解

19、析：mean doing意思是，意味著，mean to do打算要句意：如果你認(rèn)為善待婦女(女性)就意味著事事都要得到她的批準(zhǔn)，那就再想想吧。 答案：D consider跟Ving表示“打算做某事”；跟sb./sth.to do表示“認(rèn)為”。 begin/start跟Ving/to do意義上無區(qū)別，但如下三種情況常使用不定式： a該二詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)：Its beginning/starting to rain.開始下雨了。 b物作主語：The ice began/started to melt.冰開始融化。 c其后的非謂語動(dòng)詞表示心理活動(dòng)：I began/started to realize

20、my mistake.我開始意識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。 (6)need/want/requireVing(to be Ved)用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的含義，表示“需要被”；be worthVing也用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)的含義，表示“值得”。 這樣考過 (浙江五校聯(lián)考)As a result of the earthquake，twothirds of the buildings in the area _. Aneed repairing Bneeds repairing Cneeds to be repaired Dneed to repair 解析：主語為buildings，所以謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用非第三人稱

21、單數(shù)，可以排除B、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)句意，建筑物需要被修理，應(yīng)該用need doing或者是need to be done，所以選擇A項(xiàng)。難度適中。 答案：A (廣東揚(yáng)子江中學(xué))Your composition is good but your handwriting still requires _. Aimproving Bimproved Cbeing improved Dto improve 答案：A (7)on，think of，how/what about，for，against，in spite of，as a result of，because of，feel like等介詞賓語只能

22、用Ving。 這樣考過 (江蘇高考)The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. Afind Bto find Con finding Din finding 解析：insist當(dāng)“堅(jiān)持(認(rèn)為該怎樣做)”解時(shí)，后接虛擬語氣的從句或接 on doing。 答案：C 注意：下列動(dòng)詞短語中to為介詞，后面應(yīng)用Ving形式作賓語。 pay attention to注意；see to注意，負(fù)責(zé)；lead to導(dǎo)致；refer to談到，涉及；turn to求助于；stick to堅(jiān)持；object to反對(duì)；b

23、e/get used to習(xí)慣于做某事；devoteto為奉獻(xiàn)時(shí)間、精力等；get down to開始認(rèn)真做某事；be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于。 這樣考過 (2007鄭州)Many teachers strongly object to_at school. Asmoke Bsmoking Csmoked Dhaving smoked 解析：object to(反對(duì))中的to是介詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞形式。 答案：B (2008江蘇)They are quiet，arent they? Yes.They are accustomed _ at meals. Ato talk Bto no

24、t talk Cto talking Dto not talking 解析：be accustomed to后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，動(dòng)名詞的否定形式應(yīng)該在動(dòng)名詞前面加not。 答案：D (2008大連八中)I was close to _ the other day.A car passed me at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. Abe killed; that Bbeing killed; what Cbeing killed; which Dkilling; what 解析：close to中的to是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作賓語。后一空填what，w

25、hat引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作at的賓語。 答案：B 3不定式、Ved和Ving作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別 (1)hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，observe，look at，make，let，have后的賓語補(bǔ)足語如用不定式，to常省略；但上述動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，to不可省略。 這樣考過 (泉州質(zhì)檢)I really like this song as it is often heard _ everywhere in China. Asinging Bsung Chaving sung Dto sing 解析：it代指上文this song，sing與song之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)

26、系，故用過去分詞sung作主語補(bǔ)足語。 答案：B (2008全國)The director had her assistant _ some hot dogs for the meeting. Apicked up Bpicks up Cpick up Dpicking up 解析：句意為“導(dǎo)演要他的助手為這次會(huì)議準(zhǔn)備一些熱狗”。have sb.do sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，其中do sth.為省略to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。和have類似用法的使役動(dòng)詞有make，let。 答案：C (杭州質(zhì)檢)Blamed for breaking my promise，I felt my face _ hot，

27、and hung my head in shame. Ato grow Bto be growing Cgrown Dgrow 解析：本題考查“feel賓語賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，由于feel是感觀動(dòng)詞，故用動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)。 答案：D (2)tell，want，allow，warn，advise，ask，beg，encourage，cause，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，help，invite，would like/love，order，permit，persuade，remind，teach，wish，prefer后的賓語補(bǔ)足語用to do。(注意：help后的賓補(bǔ)to d

28、o中的to可省) 這樣考過 (湖南瀏陽一中)The old grandfather，much to the surprise of the doctors，wont want his granddaughter _ this week. Ato operate on Boperates Cto be operated on Doperating 答案：C (2008上海春)Due to the heavy rain and flooding，ten million people have been forced _ their homes. Aleaving Bto leave Cto be

29、left Dbeing left 解析：句意：由于大雨和洪水，已經(jīng)有一千萬人被迫離開他們的家園了。force sb.to do/sb.be forced to do“迫使某人做”。 故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B (3)think，believe，consider，find，imagine，feel，suppose后常跟to be或to haveVed作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 這樣考過 (上海高考)The flu is believed_by viruses that like to be reproduced in the cells inside the human nose and throat. Acau

30、sing Bbeing caused Cto be caused Dto have caused 解析：根據(jù)flu 和介詞by可知應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，所以排除A和D項(xiàng)；再根據(jù)is believed，可知C為最佳選項(xiàng)。因?yàn)椋瑂th.is believed/considered/thought to be/as sth.是英語中的一種常見句式。 答案：C (4)feel，find，see，catch，hear，watch，notice，have，get，keep，leave后常跟Ving作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 這樣考過 (2008上海春)If we have illegal immigrants _ in，m

31、any local workers will lose their jobs. Acame Bcoming Cto come Dhaving come 解析：句意：如果我們讓非法移民不斷涌入，許多當(dāng)?shù)氐墓と司蜁?huì)失業(yè)。havesb./sth.doing“讓一直干”；have sb.do“讓某人做”；havesth.done“讓某事被做/遭遇某事”，如：He had his leg broken yesterday.他昨天摔斷腿了。 答案：B (2008河南鄭州四中)As soon as I entered Evans company I saw a board _“_to Evans” Area

32、ds; Welcomed Bwritten; to Welcome Creading; Welcome Dprinted; Welcome 解析：“牌子上寫著”用動(dòng)詞read，表示“標(biāo)明”；“歡迎你”用You are welcome，welcome用作形容詞而不是動(dòng)詞，這里主語和be動(dòng)詞都省略了。 答案：C (5)find，hear，see，have，get，make后常跟Ved作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 這樣考過 (2007福建)Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English_in a short

33、 period. AImproved Bimproving Cto improve Dimprove 解析：所填詞作have的賓語補(bǔ)足語，與賓語her written English是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞，選A。 答案：A (2007西城)Where is Tom? I last saw him_in the library reading. Asit Bseated Cseating Dsat 解析：此處謂語動(dòng)詞是saw(see)，是感官動(dòng)詞，后可跟賓語補(bǔ)足語，seat用作動(dòng)詞，作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，通常用其過去分詞形式，因此本題選B。 答案：B (2008江蘇)To learn English wel

34、l，we should find opportunities to hear English _ as much as we can. Aspeak Bspeaking Cspoken Dto speak 解析：句中的非謂語動(dòng)詞作hear后的賓語補(bǔ)足語。根據(jù)English和speak為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示被動(dòng)。 答案：C (廣東汕頭)The traffic problems we are looking forward to seeing _ should have attracted the governments attention. Asolving Bsolve

35、Cto solve Dsolved 答案：D (重慶)Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. Aworried Bto worry Cworrying Dworry 解析：備選答案是動(dòng)詞worry的某種形式。worry多為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使擔(dān)心/著急”。全句的意思應(yīng)該是：因小孩違法而懲罰父母的法律使父母感到擔(dān)心。此外，空中應(yīng)填賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、身份等。這樣的法律使父母感到擔(dān)心，也就是說父母被這樣的法律弄得擔(dān)心。所以賓語與補(bǔ)足語之間有被動(dòng)

36、的主謂關(guān)系，而過去分詞正好表被動(dòng)意義。 答案：A 4不定式、Ving和Ved作定語的區(qū)別 (1)不定式作定語，它所修飾的名詞往往是其邏輯賓語，而且表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生。 這樣考過 (安徽)The play _ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. Aproduced Bbeing produced Cto be produced Dhaving been produced 解析：句意：下個(gè)月即將上演的戲劇主要是為了表現(xiàn)地方文化。to be produced作后置定語，修飾名詞play，表示“將上演的”。produced表示“上演

37、過的”，being produced表示“正在上演的”。 答案：C (重慶)With the world changing fast，we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day. Adeal Bdealt Cto deal Ddealing 解析：句意：隨著世界的快速變化，我們每天都有新的問題要獨(dú)自處理。本題考查的是不定式作定語，have something to do，動(dòng)詞do邏輯上的主語是we，也就是句子的主語。 答案：C 注意：不定式與其所修飾的詞之間具有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞，而且后面不可再有賓語；如果不定式

38、為不及物動(dòng)詞，后面要加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，同被修飾的詞構(gòu)成介賓關(guān)系：She found a house to live in.她找了幢房子住進(jìn)去。 (2)Ving所修飾的名詞是該動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者(即與被修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系是邏輯上的主動(dòng)的主謂關(guān)系)，它表示的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行或說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行。 這樣考過 (湖南師大附中)Barack Obama told millions _ him that his grandmothers influence on _ he is and the way he views the world was significant. Asupport; how Bsupp

39、orting; who Csupported; where Dto support; what 解析：奧巴馬對(duì)數(shù)百萬注視著他的人說，他的外祖母對(duì)他的性格和世界觀形成影響很大。supporting him作millions的后置定語。答案：答案：B (浙江嘉興)The plans _ by many managers now will be carried out next month. Abeing discussed Bdiscussed Cto be discussed Dhaving been discussed 答案：A (湖南師大附中)There is still a long wa

40、y to go to work out all the problems _ conservation of natural resources. Aconcerning Bconcerned Cto concern Dconcern 解析：由句意：要解決保護(hù)自然資源的問題，我們?nèi)杂泻荛L的路要走。知空中應(yīng)填一個(gè)作后置定語的短語，concerning“與有關(guān)”，作prep.。 答案：A (3)Ved作定語，其修飾的名詞是該動(dòng)作的承受者(即與被修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系是邏輯上的被動(dòng)的主謂關(guān)系)。它所表示的動(dòng)作含被動(dòng)的意義，但并不表示完成的概念；或既表示被動(dòng)的意義又表示完成的概念。 這樣考過 (北京)F

41、or breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm. Agrown Bbeing grown Cto be grown Dto grow 解析：句意：早飯他只喝自己農(nóng)場(chǎng)種的新鮮水果榨出來的果汁。此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語。fruit與grow為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故排除D選項(xiàng)；being grown 正被種植；to be grown 將要被種植，均不合題意，所以選A。 答案：A (上海)With the governments aid，those _ by the earthquake have moved to t

42、he new settlements. Aaffect Baffecting Caffected Dwere affected 解析：句意：在政府的援助下，那些受到地震影響的人們已經(jīng)搬到新的定居點(diǎn)。用affect的過去分詞形式作主語those的后置定語，表示“受到地震影響的人們”。 答案：C 5Ving和不定式作主語的區(qū)別 (1)v.ing泛指某種行為、活動(dòng)或某種職業(yè)；動(dòng)詞不定式指特定的某一次行為或活動(dòng)。 這樣考過 (2008江蘇常州統(tǒng)考)What made you so delighted at Christmas? _. AI received many more presents tha

43、n others BBecause my parents promised me a new car CMy uncles coming back from abroad DAs there was an unusual celebration 解析：句意：“在圣誕節(jié)什么事讓你這么高興？”“我叔叔從國外回來?！钡谝痪渲衱hat作主語，用來回答它的只能是名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性從句。 答案：C (北京海淀區(qū))_ these suggestions will help you become more cooperative and achieve more. AFollowed BFol

44、lowing CTo follow DBeing followed 解析：由句中缺空處知缺少主語，且與句中的“you”構(gòu)成邏輯主謂關(guān)系，故可排除A、D項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)動(dòng)名詞following表示經(jīng)常的、習(xí)慣的動(dòng)作或情況，而C項(xiàng)中的to follow則表示某一次特定的、具體的動(dòng)作，相比較B項(xiàng)要比C項(xiàng)好，故選B。 答案：B (2008重慶一中)_ in the countryside made Mr.Wilson very hardworking when he was still young. ABringing up BBeing brought up CHaving brought up DBrou

45、ght up 解析：動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式作主語。 答案：B (2)通常使用形式主語it。常見句型結(jié)構(gòu)為： 1It is/wasadj.of/for sb.to do sth. 注意：介詞用of還是用for要根據(jù)前面的形容詞而定。若該形容詞表示人的性格特征用of，表示事物的特征就必須用for。 這樣考過 (南通調(diào)研)“Once people think you are a liar，its hard _，no matter what youll say.”father warned his son. Afor you to make yourself believe Bfor you to make

46、yourself believed Cof you to make yourself believing Dof you to make yourself believe 解析：本題考查句型It is hard for sb.to do sth.和詞組make oneself done。父親警告兒子說：“一旦人們認(rèn)為你是個(gè)騙子，那么無論你說什么，都很難讓人相信你?！?答案：B 還可能這樣考 It is silly of me_ all eggs in one basket.That was the worst mistake Ive ever made. Ato put Bto have pu

47、t Cputting Dhaving put 解析：此題易誤選A。后句語境提示That was the worst mistake，說明這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故應(yīng)用不定式完成式表示動(dòng)作已發(fā)生。句意：把所有的雞蛋都放在了一個(gè)籃子里，我真是太蠢了。這是我所犯過的最糟糕的一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。答案：答案：B 2It is no use/no good doing sth.做沒有用處/好處 可能這樣考 It is no use_without doing. Ato promise Bpromising Cpromise Dto be promised 解析：it 為形式主語，真正的主語是promising with

48、out doing。 答案：B 3There is no use/no good/no point(in)doing sth.做沒有用處/好處/意義 這樣考過 (2008寧夏中衛(wèi)模擬)There is _ what the weather will be like. Anot knowing Bno knowing Cnot know Dno known 解析：句意：無法知道天氣會(huì)是什么樣子。There is no doing.It is impossible to do.“是不可能的”，是固定句式，所以答案為B項(xiàng)。 答案：B 6不定式和Ving作表語的區(qū)別 (1)不定式作表語表示特定的某次行

49、為或動(dòng)作；Ving作表語表示某種職業(yè)，某種狀態(tài)，事物的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)等。 可能這樣考 Her wish is_a teacher. Ato becoming Bbecome Cto become Dbecoming 解析：做老師是她的愿望。to do表示一個(gè)具體的未來的動(dòng)作，所以應(yīng)選擇to become。 答案：C What worried me most was_ to go abroad alone. Amy not allowing Bhaving not allowed Cmy being not allowed Dmy not being allowed 解析：句意：最讓我擔(dān)心的事是我不

50、會(huì)被允許單獨(dú)出國。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語，根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)為被動(dòng)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)，否定詞not應(yīng)置于非謂語動(dòng)詞前，故選D。 答案：D (2)Ved作表語表示某種狀態(tài)、情緒。 注意：選用Ving形式還是選用Ved作表語，取決于非謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語的關(guān)系。如果是意義上的主謂關(guān)系，用Ving形式，說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征，可譯為“令人感到的”；如果是意義上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用Ved，多指人的感情或感覺，常譯為“感到”。 在某些習(xí)慣用法中，不定式用主動(dòng)式代替被動(dòng)式。 The house is to let.該屋出租。 I am to blame.是我不好。 7獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與主句的主語不是同

51、一主語，它的構(gòu)成為“主格詞(代詞主格或名詞)非謂語動(dòng)詞”，在句中只能作狀語，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件和伴隨：It being rainy，we had to stay at home. 天氣多雨，我們只好呆在家里。 這樣考過 (2008江蘇四市情況調(diào)查)On Saturday evenings guests are entertained in the garden，weather _. Apermits Bpermit Cpermitting Dpermitted 解析：兩個(gè)句子之間有逗號(hào)隔開時(shí)，它們之間存在下列幾種情況：1)兩個(gè)句子之間有并列連詞；2)兩個(gè)句子之間有從屬連詞；3)兩個(gè)句子之間無

52、連詞，其中一個(gè)句子用非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式來表達(dá)。此題屬于第三種情況，兩個(gè)句子之間無連詞且主語不一致，其中一個(gè)用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式來表達(dá)，作條件狀語。句意：如果天氣允許的話，客人們通常星期六晚上在花園里娛樂。 答案：C (2008山東威海質(zhì)檢)The women waited on the windy lawn，their skirts _ against their legs，keeping their hats on with difficulty. Abeing blowing Bto blow Cto be blown Dblown 解析：句意：婦女們?cè)谟酗L(fēng)的草坪上等著時(shí)，風(fēng)吹起了她們的裙子

53、，她們費(fèi)力地按著帽子。their skirts.difficulty作伴隨狀語，其中their skirts blown against their legs是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的表達(dá)形式，blow和skirts之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。請(qǐng)注意A項(xiàng)的表達(dá)形式不正確，不要受其干擾。 答案：D (2008山東聊城模擬)When he joined them in the work，he was disappointed at there _ so little to do. Abeing Bwere Chaving Dhad 解析：句意：當(dāng)他加入他們一起工作的時(shí)候，因?yàn)閹缀鯚o事可做，

54、所以他很失望。be disappointed at“因而失望”，at是介詞，其后要接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞的形式，所以there be句式要用there being的形式。 答案：A 8with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(with賓語Ved/Ving/to do) With some students followed behind，he came in.他走了進(jìn)來，身后跟著一群學(xué)生。作伴隨狀語。 注意：“with賓語”后也可跟形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、名詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 這樣考過 (北京東城區(qū))With their son _ a foreign college now，the parents have some

55、financial problems now and then. Ato attend Battending Cattended Dhaving attended 解析：此題考查with結(jié)構(gòu)，表伴隨。父母不時(shí)會(huì)有金融方面的困難，with賓語賓補(bǔ)。賓語：他們的兒子和上大學(xué)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，正在上大學(xué)，故選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B (天津紅橋區(qū))_ the rain falling so frequently，it becomes more and more difficult to be early on the rescue work. ASince B.With CAs DFor 解析：根據(jù)句中_ the

56、 rain failing so frequently可知，這是一個(gè)由with賓語賓補(bǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，作原因狀語，故選B。而C項(xiàng)中也是隨著，但as為連詞，其后應(yīng)加句子，故排除；A、D兩項(xiàng)不合語境，也排除。 答案：B (全國)Now that weve discussed our problem，are people happy with the decisions _？ ATaking Btake Ctaken Dto take 解析：句意：既然我們已討論了我們的問題，人們對(duì)我們所做的決定滿意嗎？此題考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。decisions與take為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，taken表被動(dòng)完成，故選C。taking

57、表主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行，to take一般表主動(dòng)和將來。 答案：C 9獨(dú)立成分 在句子中作插入語，不受主句主語的限制。 to tell you the truth說實(shí)話；to be honest說實(shí)在的；generally speaking一般說來；judging from從來判斷；considering everything全面考慮；to make things worse更糟糕的是。 這樣考過 (浙江)_，the pay isnt attractive enough，though the job itself is quite interesting. AGenerally speaking BOn

58、 the contrary CIn particular DTo be honest 解析：句意：說實(shí)話，這點(diǎn)工資沒有足夠的吸引力，但工作本身還是非常有趣的。to be honest往往引導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)折句，其他選項(xiàng)明顯不合題意。 答案：D (2008東北三校一模)_ from media reports，the result has been unclear. ATo judge BHaving judged CJudging DJudged 解析：句意：從媒體報(bào)道來看，此項(xiàng)結(jié)果一直很模糊。judging from(從判斷)為懸垂分詞，無論與主句主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，judge都只能用ing形

59、式。 答案：C 單項(xiàng)填空 1Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining company，_as 3M. Aknowing Bknown Cbeing known Dto be known 答案與解析：Bknown as在這里是過去分詞作定語。 2Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV.There are pictures_in your mind instead of before your eyes. Ato form Bform Cforming

60、Dhaving formed 答案與解析：Cforming在此作定語，修飾pictures，to form表將來，B、D兩項(xiàng)不可作定語。 3English has a large vocabulary，hasnt it? Yes._more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. AKnow BKnowing CTo know DKnown 答案與解析：A祈使句and/or陳述句。 4Suddenly，a tall man driving a golden carriage_the g

61、irl and took her away，_into the woods. Aseizing; disappeared Bseized; disappeared Cseizing; disappearing Dseized; disappearing 答案與解析：Dseized與took并列作謂語，disappearing作伴隨狀語 5The old man，_abroad for twenty years，is on the way back to his motherland. Ato work Bworking Cto have worked Dhaving worked 答案與解析：

62、Dwork這個(gè)動(dòng)作在主句的謂語動(dòng)詞之前發(fā)生，故用完成式。 6He looked around and caught a man_his hand into the pocket of a passenger. Aput Bto be putting Cto put Dputting 答案與解析：Dcatch sb.doing sth.撞見某人正做某事。 7_the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. AThe president will attend BThe president to attend CThe pr

63、esident attended DThe presidents attending 答案與解析：D從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，句子已經(jīng)有了謂語，所以A排除；選項(xiàng)B為即將親自參加會(huì)議的總統(tǒng)給他們鼓舞，講不通，因?yàn)榻o出鼓舞的應(yīng)該是事或精神，而不應(yīng)該是人；選項(xiàng)C的attended若作謂語，則與句子結(jié)構(gòu)矛盾，若作過去分詞，又與the president的關(guān)系矛盾。 8_at the office，Mr.Green found the papers prepared for his boss were left at home. ATo arrive BOn arriving CAs arriving DWhile

64、 arrived 答案與解析：BonVing 表示“一就”。 9Much new and high technology has been introduced from America，thus_in great increase in production of the company. Aresulting Bresulted Cresults Dwhich results 答案與解析：A題意為：許多高新技術(shù)已經(jīng)從美國引進(jìn)了，因此這家公司的產(chǎn)量迅速增加。動(dòng)詞的ing形式作結(jié)果狀語，與主句存在因果關(guān)系。另外，若選D項(xiàng)則要去掉thus。 10Whats the main purpose of

65、 tonights meeting? We are going to talk about the problem_at the last meeting. Adiscussed Bdiscussing Cbeing discussed Dhaving discussed 答案與解析：A題意為：“今天晚上會(huì)議的主要目的是什么？”“我們打算談?wù)撋洗螘?huì)議討論的問題?！眛he problem discussed意為“被討論的問題”，動(dòng)詞的ed形式作后置定語說明過去發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，相當(dāng)于定語從句the problem which was discussed?！?11Discovering consis

66、ts of seeing what everybody has seen and_what nobody has thought. Athink Bthinking Cthought Dto think 答案與解析：Band是表示并列關(guān)系的連詞，其前后成分應(yīng)一致，前面用seeing what everybody has seen，故后面需用動(dòng)名詞形式與之并列。 12I really appreciate_a great effort to come to help us with the problem. Ayour making Byou to make Cyou to make Dyour being made 答案與解析：Aappreciate后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，意為“感激(某人)做某事”。此處a great effort是動(dòng)詞make的賓語，故不需用被動(dòng)形式。 13_about Lucy，the teacher called her parents to find out why she was so often absent from class. AConcerning BC