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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-----傾情為你奉上 汽車減震器畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) 篇一：減震器畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文 　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 　　減震器設(shè)計(jì) 　　摘要：在鉆井作業(yè)中，由于井底凹凸不平造成鉆頭頻繁跳轉(zhuǎn)，如果鉆頭與鉆鋌直接連接，則整個(gè)鉆蛀將于鉆頭一起加速上下運(yùn)動(dòng)，產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的震動(dòng)，破壞最優(yōu)鉆井條件，降低鉆頭和鉆具壽命。甚至破壞鉆井設(shè)備。液壓減震器不同于單純以硅油等液體為工作介質(zhì)的液壓減震器，亦不同于單純采用減震彈簧作為彈性元件的機(jī)械減震器。該減震器是在二者的基礎(chǔ)上，克服了單向減震器的缺點(diǎn)，集成二者的優(yōu)點(diǎn)而研發(fā)的新型井下工具。它具有彈性剛度自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié).連件強(qiáng)度高.性能穩(wěn)定.工作可靠.工作壽命長(zhǎng)等有點(diǎn)。 　　本文研究的主要

2、主要內(nèi)容有：對(duì)液壓減震器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)主要是確定減振器的類型、布置形式、安裝角度和選用數(shù)量，這是進(jìn)行尺寸設(shè)計(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。對(duì)液壓減震器的尺寸設(shè)計(jì)，尺寸設(shè)計(jì)的過(guò)程主要包括相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)以及最大卸荷力的確定，減振器工作缸、活塞、以及相關(guān)零部件的尺寸計(jì)算完成結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與尺寸設(shè)計(jì)后應(yīng)對(duì)減振器的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性進(jìn)行校核，校核的結(jié)果應(yīng)符合國(guó)家相關(guān)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 本文的研究成果對(duì)減振器的進(jìn)一步研究有重要的理論和實(shí)際應(yīng)用意義. 　　關(guān)鍵詞：液壓式； 減振器；液壓缸 　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 　　Shock absorber design 　　Abstract: In the drilling operation

3、, due to the bottom hole uneven causing frequent jumps of the drill bit, drill bit and drill collars are directly connected, the entire borer will drill with accelerated up and down movement, produced a strong shock, destruction of the optimum drilling conditions, reduce drill and drill life. Even d

4、estruction of the drilling equipment. Hydraulic mechanical drill string shock absorber is different from the pure liquid silicone oil as the working medium hydraulic shock absorber, mechanical shock absorbers are also different from the simple shock absorber spring as an elastic element. The shock a

5、bsorber is on the basis of the two, to overxxe the shortxxings of the one-way shock absorber, to integrate the advantages of both the research and development of new down hole tools. It has automatic adjustment of the elastic stiffness. Even pieces intensity. Stable performance and reliable work. Lo

6、ng working life a little. 　　The main content of this study :The design to the structure of the gasification type shock absorber. It mainly determines the types of the shock absorber, layouts, the angle of installing and the quantity of selecting, these are the foundation of the designing of the size

7、s.The design to the size of the gasification type shock absorber. It includes relative damping coefficient, the determination of the biggest discharge strength, and the xxputing of the sizes of work cylinder, piston, connecting rod, valve and related spare parts.After xxpleting the structural design

8、 and the designing of the sizes, the shock absorber intensity and the stability should be checked, the results should conform to the country related technical standards. 　　This study results have important theoretical and practical significance for further study of the shock absorber. 　　Key words:

9、 Hydraulic ;Shock absorber; Cylinder 　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 　　目 錄 　　1 緒 論 ······················································································· 1 　　1.1 選題的目的和意義 ···································································· 1 　　1.2 減振器的發(fā)展歷史 ·········································

10、··························· 1 　　1.3 減振器的分類 ·········································································· 2 　　1.4 液壓減振器國(guó)內(nèi)外發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ········································ 3 　　1.5 研究的主要內(nèi)容及方法 ······························································ 4 2 減振器的類型和工作原理 ·············

11、····················································· 5 　　2.1減震器的類型與型號(hào) ································································· 5 　　2.2減震器形式的選擇 ··································································· 5 　　2.3 減振器的工作原理 ·····························································

12、······· 6 　　2.4 減振器的結(jié)構(gòu).工作原理及優(yōu)點(diǎn) ···················································· 6 　　2.5 減震器的標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ·········································································· 7 　　2.6 減震器的使用措施及注意事項(xiàng)····················································· 7 3 減震器的設(shè)計(jì) ····································

13、············································· 9 　　3.1 減震器數(shù)據(jù)的選擇 ···································································· 9 　　3.3 芯軸的設(shè)計(jì)與強(qiáng)度校核 ······························································ 11 　　3.4 上接頭凸臺(tái)校核 ··································································

14、····· 12 　　3.5 螺紋的選擇 ············································································· 13 　　3.6 螺紋牙的強(qiáng)度校核 ···································································· 13 　　3.7 花鍵的設(shè)計(jì)與選擇 ···································································· 16 4密封元件 ···············

15、··········································································· 20 　　4.1 密封元件材質(zhì)的設(shè)計(jì)和選用 ························································ 20 　　4.2 密封元件常用的材料 ································································· 20 　　4.3 密封盤根 ···········································

16、····································· 24 5 液壓減震器的使用方法 ······································································· 28 　　5.1 減震器在鉆柱中的連接位置 ························································ 28 　　5.2 下井前的檢查 ·········································································· 28

17、 　　5.3 起鉆后的檢查 ·········································································· 28 　　5.4 注意事項(xiàng) ················································································ 28 　　5.5 維修與試驗(yàn) ············································································· 29 　　5.6 檢查與維修 ····

18、········································································· 29 　　5.7 組裝 ······················································································ 29 　　5.8 注油 ······················································································ 30 6 結(jié) 論 ···············

19、··········································································· 31 參考文獻(xiàn) ···························································································· 32 致謝 ············································································· 33 I 　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 　　1 緒 論 　　1.1 選題的目的和

20、意義 　　減振器主要是用于減小或削弱振動(dòng)對(duì)設(shè)備與人員影響的一個(gè)部件。它起到衰減和吸收振動(dòng)的作用。使得某些設(shè)備及人員免受不良振動(dòng)的影響, 起到保護(hù)設(shè)備及人員正常工作與安全的作用, 因此它廣泛應(yīng)用于各種機(jī)械的頻繁起降等, 對(duì)減振器的要求愈來(lái)愈高。人們不但要求安全可靠, 而且要求旅途舒適, 對(duì)此減振器起著舉足輕重的作用。 　　1.2 減振器的發(fā)展歷史 　　世界上第一個(gè)有記載、比較簡(jiǎn)單的減振器是1897年由兩個(gè)姓吉明的人發(fā)明的。他們把橡膠塊與葉片彈簧的端部相連，當(dāng)懸架被完全壓縮時(shí)，橡膠減振塊就碰到連接在汽車大梁上的一個(gè)螺栓，產(chǎn)生止動(dòng)。這種減振器在很多現(xiàn)代汽車懸架上仍有使用，但其減振效果很小。 　　18

21、98年，第一個(gè)實(shí)用的減振器由一法國(guó)人特魯芬特研制成功并被安裝到摩托賽車上。該車的前叉懸置于彈簧上，同時(shí)與一個(gè)摩擦阻尼件相連，以防止摩托車的振顫。減振器的結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展主要經(jīng)歷了以下幾種發(fā)展形式： 　　加布里埃爾減振器，它是由固定在汽車大梁上的罩殼和裝在其里面的渦旋形鋼帶組成，鋼帶通過(guò)一個(gè)彈簧保持其張力，鋼帶的外端與車橋軸端連接，以限制由振動(dòng)引起的彈跳量。 　　平衡彈簧式減振器，這是加到葉片彈簧上的一種輔助螺旋彈簧。由于每一個(gè)彈簧都有不同的諧振頻率，它們趨向于抵消各自的振顫，但同時(shí)也增大了懸架的剛性，所以很快就停止了使用[1]。 　　空氣彈簧減振器，空氣彈簧不僅兼有彈簧和吸振的作用，而且常?？墒∪ソ饘?/p>

22、彈簧。第一個(gè)空氣彈簧減振器是1909年由英國(guó)考溫汽車工廠研制成功的。它是一個(gè)圓柱形的空氣筒，利用打氣筒可以把空氣經(jīng)外殼上部的氣閥注滿空氣筒，空氣筒的下半部分容納一個(gè)由橡膠和簾布制成的膜片。因?yàn)樗豢諝馑鼑?，所以其工作原理與充氣輪胎相似，它的主要缺點(diǎn)是常常泄漏空氣。 　　液壓減振器，第一個(gè)實(shí)用的液壓減振器是1908年由法國(guó)人霍迪立設(shè)計(jì)的。液壓減振器的原理是迫使液流通過(guò)小孔產(chǎn)生阻尼作用。通常的筒式減振器是由一個(gè)與汽車底盤固定的帶有節(jié)流小孔的活塞和一個(gè)與懸架或車橋固定的圓柱形貯液筒組成。門羅在1933年為赫德森制造的汽車裝用了第一個(gè)采用原始液壓減振器的汽車。到了二十世紀(jì)三十年代末，雙作用減振器在美

23、國(guó)生產(chǎn)的汽車上被普遍采用。到了二十世紀(jì)六十年代，歐洲采用的杠桿式液壓減振器占了優(yōu)勢(shì)，這種減 1 　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 　　振器與哈德福特的摩擦式減振原理相似，但使用的是液流而不是摩擦緩沖襯墊。 　　麥弗遜支柱式減振器，隨著前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車的出現(xiàn)，二十世紀(jì)七十年代以來(lái)，制造商開始采用麥弗遜式減振器。這種減振器是二十世紀(jì)六十年代通用公司麥弗遜工程師研制成功的。他把螺旋彈簧、液壓減振器和上懸架臂桿組成一個(gè)緊湊的部件。其主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是體積小，適合前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)汽車，可在與變速器組成一體的驅(qū)動(dòng)橋上應(yīng)用。另外，有一種電子控制減振器，能根據(jù)道路狀況、車速和驅(qū)動(dòng)形式自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)懸架軟、中、硬三種剛度。該減振器通過(guò)在汽車保險(xiǎn)杠下

24、方裝有一個(gè)帶聲納的測(cè)量部件監(jiān)測(cè)路面狀況，把測(cè)得的數(shù)據(jù)輸入處理單元，然后調(diào)節(jié)減振器中的按鍵，以改變液流通道的尺寸。 　　充氣式減振器是二十世紀(jì)六七十年代以來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)的一種新型減振器。充氣式減振器的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和充氣參數(shù)，可以大大地降低噪音，并有利于保證活塞高速運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的阻尼特征，同時(shí)減振器上的減振支柱實(shí)質(zhì)上屬于雙筒結(jié)構(gòu)，它除了阻尼減振還有如下附加功能：他和控制臂一起對(duì)車輪進(jìn)行導(dǎo)向[2]。 　　1.3減振器的分類 　　根據(jù)減振器的結(jié)構(gòu)、材料與用途不同, 減振器可分為以下幾種： 　　橡膠減振器減振器由天然橡膠及聚氯丁之類合成橡膠材料制成。該減振器經(jīng)濟(jì)方便, 對(duì)振動(dòng)阻尼作用。近年, 又出現(xiàn)一種金屬橡膠減振器

25、, 性能優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)橡膠減振器。但低溫時(shí)彈性下降、高溫時(shí)易變形, 不適于高頻下工作, 有“彈性后效”現(xiàn)象等。因此只能用于減振要求不高的場(chǎng)合。 　　金屬?gòu)椈蓽p振器 　　分為螺旋彈簧與板簧減振器：該減振器能適應(yīng)于各種環(huán)境與溫度下使用, 力學(xué)性能較穩(wěn)定, 剛度范圍廣,高頻時(shí), 失去減振作用, 因此, 目前, 液壓減振器已經(jīng)得到了廣泛地應(yīng)用特別是在一些關(guān)鍵裝備上, 如飛機(jī)的起落架、導(dǎo)彈的發(fā)射架、各種汽車、摩托車、輪船等需減振的設(shè)備上。液壓減振器是以液壓油為工作介質(zhì)并利用油的黏性阻尼作用, 在節(jié)流口或閥的前后形成一定的壓差, 將振動(dòng)的動(dòng)能變成液體的壓力能衰減和吸收振動(dòng)。 　　電流變液和磁流變液減振器：電、磁

26、流變液都是懸濁液, 在外加電、磁場(chǎng)作用, 下其黏度可連續(xù)變化, 由美國(guó)人W.Winslow 和J.Rabinow于20 世紀(jì)40 年代后期發(fā)現(xiàn), 從20 世紀(jì)80 年代末起將其應(yīng)用于阻尼可調(diào)減振器。電、磁流變液減振器具有阻尼連續(xù)調(diào)節(jié), 響應(yīng)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn), 但是還存在一些問(wèn)題: 電、磁流變液的粒子沉降、溫度穩(wěn)定性, 電、磁流變液減振器的設(shè)計(jì)誤差補(bǔ)償、使用壽命、維修等, 其產(chǎn)業(yè)化應(yīng)用還需要進(jìn)一步的研究。 　　氣體控制阻尼可調(diào)減振器：氣體控制阻尼可調(diào)減振器必須與空氣彈簧配合使用。阻尼變化規(guī)律是:當(dāng)空氣彈簧中氣壓升高時(shí), 阻力增大, 反之則減小, 不 2 篇二：汽車減振器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　畢 業(yè) 論 文（設(shè)

27、 計(jì)） 　　題目： 轎車減震器的設(shè)計(jì) 　?。ㄓ⑽模?　　院 別： 專 業(yè)： 　　姓 名： 　　學(xué) 號(hào)： 　　指導(dǎo)教師： 　　日 期： 　　轎車減震器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　摘 要 　　本文設(shè)計(jì)出適用于中國(guó)一般城市道路使用的雙作用筒式減振器。首先，根據(jù)轎車的質(zhì)量算出減振器的阻尼系數(shù)，確定缸體結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，然后建立流體力學(xué)模型，先選定一條理想的減振器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)阻尼特性曲線，然后利用逼近理想阻尼特性曲線的方法，進(jìn)行各閥、系的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算；在此基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)出整個(gè)減震器，并對(duì)主要部件的強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了校核。 　　關(guān)鍵詞：雙作用筒式減振器；流體力學(xué)模型；理想特性曲線；強(qiáng)度校核 　　轎車減振器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　Shock

28、Absorber Design of car 　　Abstract 　　The double use of drum shock absorber which applicable to the general city road conditions in China is designed in the paper. First of all, the damping coefficient of the shock absorber is calculated according to the quality of car. The parameters of the cylinder

29、structure are determined. And then a hydrodynamic model is set up. The valve and the Department are calculated and the designed by using the way of approach to the damping characteristics of the ideal standard shock absorber curve. After that a set of the double use of drum shock absorber is designe

30、d. The strength of the main parts of the shock absorber is checked. 　　Key words: Double use of shock absorber; hydrodynamic model; characteristics of the ideal curve; strength checking 　　1 　　目錄 　　1. 緒論 ................................................................. 1 　　1.1本課題設(shè)計(jì)的目的及意義 .......

31、..................................... 1 　　1.2減振器國(guó)內(nèi)外是發(fā)展?fàn)顩r ............................................ 1 　　1.3設(shè)計(jì)的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容 ................................................ 3 　　2. 減震器阻尼值計(jì)算和機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) ....................................... 3 　　2.1相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)和阻尼系數(shù)的確定 ...................................... 3 　　2.1.

32、1懸架彈性特性的選擇 ........................................... 3 　　2.1.2相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)的選擇 ........................................... 4 　　2.1.3減振器阻尼系數(shù)的確定 ......................................... 6 　　2.2最大卸荷力的確定 .................................................. 6 　　2.3缸筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 ......................................

33、.............. 7 　　2.4活塞桿的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .................................................. 7 　　2.5導(dǎo)向座寬度和活塞寬度的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 .................................... 8 　　2.6 小結(jié) .............................................................. 8 　　3. 減震器其他部件的設(shè)計(jì) ................................................. 8 　　3.1固定連接的結(jié)構(gòu)形式

34、 ................................................ 8 　　3.2 減震器油封設(shè)計(jì) .................................................... 9 　　3.3 O型橡膠密封圈 ................................................... 10 　　3.4 錐形彈簧 ......................................................... 10 　　3.5彈簧片和減振器油的選擇 .....................

35、...................... 11 　　3.5.1彈簧片的選擇 ................................................ 11 　　3.5.2減振器油的選擇 .............................................. 11 　　3.6小結(jié) ............................................................. 12 　　4.減震器閥系設(shè)計(jì) ....................................................... 12

36、 　　4.1減震器各閥系流體力學(xué)模型的建立 ................................... 12 　　4.1.1伸張行程流體力學(xué)模型的建立 .................................. 12 　　4.1.2壓縮行程流體力學(xué)模型的建立 .................................. 15 　　4.2 各閥系模型的建立 ................................................. 16 篇三：汽車減振器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　畢業(yè)論文（設(shè)計(jì)） 　　題目： 　?。ㄓ⑽模? 轎車減震器的設(shè)計(jì) Sho

37、ckAbsorberDesignofcar 　　別： 　　業(yè)： 　　名： 　　號(hào)： 院 專 姓 學(xué) 　　指導(dǎo)教師： 　　日 期： 　　轎車減震器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　轎車減震器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　摘 　　摘要要 　　本文設(shè)計(jì)出適用于中國(guó)一般城市道路使用的雙作用筒式減振器。首先，根據(jù)轎車的 質(zhì)量算出減振器的阻尼系數(shù)，確定缸體結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)，然后建立流體力學(xué)模型，先選定一條 理想的減振器標(biāo)準(zhǔn)阻尼特性曲線，然后利用逼近理想阻尼特性曲線的方法，進(jìn)行各閥、 系的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算；在此基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計(jì)出整個(gè)減震器，并對(duì)主要部件的強(qiáng)度進(jìn)行了校核。 關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞關(guān)鍵詞：雙作用筒式減振器；流體力學(xué)模 　　型；理想特性曲線；強(qiáng)度校核 　　轎車

38、減振器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　ShockShockShockShockAAAAbsorberbsorberbsorberbsorb 　　Thedoubleuseofdrumshockabsorberwhichapplicabletothegeneralcityroad 　　conditionsinChinaisdesignedinthepaper.Firstofall,thedampingcoefficientoftheshock absorberiscalculatedaccordingtothequalityofcar.Theparametersofthecylinderstructure arede

39、termined.Andthenahydrodynamicmodelissetup.ThevalveandtheDepartmentare calculatedandthedesignedbyusingthewayofapproachtothedampingcharacteristicsof 　　theidealstandardshockabsorbercurve.Afterthatasetofthedoubleuseofdrumshock 　　absorberisdesigned.Thestrengthofthemainpartsoftheshockabsorberischecked. Ab

40、stractAbstract 　　KeyKeyKeyKeywords:words:words:words:Doubleuseofshockabsorber;hydrodynamicmodel;characteristicsoftheidealcurve;strengthchecking 　　1 　　目錄 　　1.1.1.1.緒論緒論緒論緒論.................................................................................................................................

41、.................. 　　1.1 本課題設(shè)計(jì)的目的及意義...........................................................................................1 　　1.2 減振器國(guó)內(nèi)外是發(fā)展?fàn)顩r...........................................................................................1 　　1.3 設(shè)計(jì)的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容..............................................

42、.....................................................3 　　2.2.2.2.減震器阻尼值計(jì)算和機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)減震器阻尼值計(jì)算和機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)減震器阻尼值計(jì)算和機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)減震器阻尼值計(jì)算和機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè) 　　2.1 相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)和阻尼系數(shù)的確定...............................................................................3 　　2.1.1 懸架彈性特性的選擇.........................................................

43、...............................3 　　2.1.2 相對(duì)阻尼系數(shù)的選擇........................................................................................4 　　2.1.3 減振器阻尼系數(shù)的確定....................................................................................6 　　2.2 最大卸荷力的確定..........................................

44、.............................................................6 　　2.3 缸筒的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算...........................................................................................................7 　　2.4 活塞桿的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算.....................................................................................................

45、..7 　　2.5 導(dǎo)向座寬度和活塞寬度的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算...........................................................................8 　　2.6小結(jié)..............................................................................................................................8 　　3.3.3.3.減震器其他部件的設(shè)計(jì)減震器其他部件的設(shè)計(jì)減震器其他部件的設(shè)計(jì)減震器其他部件的設(shè) 　　3.1 固定連接的結(jié)構(gòu)

46、形式...................................................................................................8 　　3.2減震器油封設(shè)計(jì)..........................................................................................................9 　　3.3O 型橡膠密封圈................................................................

47、.........................................10 　　3.4錐形彈簧....................................................................................................................10 　　3.5 彈簧片和減振器油的選擇.........................................................................................11 　　3.5.1 彈簧片的選擇.....

48、.............................................................................................11 　　3.5.2 減振器油的選擇..............................................................................................11 　　3.6 小結(jié)....................................................................................

49、.........................................12 　　4.4.4.4.減震器閥系設(shè)計(jì)減震器閥系設(shè)計(jì)減震器閥系設(shè)計(jì)減震器閥系設(shè)計(jì)................................................................................................................................................... 　　4.1 減震器各閥系流體力學(xué)模型的建立.................................................

50、........................12 　　4.1.1 伸張行程流體力學(xué)模型的建立......................................................................12 　　4.1.2 壓縮行程流體力學(xué)模型的建立......................................................................14 　　4.2各閥系模型的建立........................................................................

51、............................16 　　轎車減振器的設(shè)計(jì) 　　4.2.1 伸張閥模型的建立..........................................................................................16 　　4.2.2.流通閥模型的建立.........................................................................................17 　　4.2.3 壓縮閥模型的建立.........................

52、.................................................................18 　　4.2.4 補(bǔ)償閥的力學(xué)模型..........................................................................................19 　　4.3 減震器阻尼閥閥片的撓曲變形模型.........................................................................20 4.4 閥系的設(shè)計(jì).................

53、................................................................................................22 4.4.1 阻尼閥的開啟程度對(duì)減震器特性的影響......................................................22 　　4.4.2 減震器的理想特性曲線的確定......................................................................22 　　4.4.3 閥系各結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)的確定.........

54、.........................................................................24 　　4.5 小結(jié).............................................................................................................................29 5555．活塞桿的強(qiáng)度校核．活塞桿的強(qiáng)度校核．活塞桿的強(qiáng)度校核．活塞桿的強(qiáng)度校核................................................

55、................................................................................................... 　　5.1 強(qiáng)度校核.....................................................................................................................30 5.2 穩(wěn)定性的校核............................................................

56、.................................................30 6666．全文總結(jié)及展望．全文總結(jié)及展望．全文總結(jié)及展望．全文總結(jié)及展望...................................................................................................................................................參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)參考文 　　獻(xiàn)..............................................

57、.....................................................................................................致謝致謝致謝致 　　謝...................................................................................................................................................附錄附錄附錄附 　　錄................................................................................................................................................... 　　3 專心---專注---專業(yè)