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1、新視野大學(xué)英語(yǔ)第一冊(cè) 教案 Unit One: SectionA-Learning A Foreign LanguageObjectives （目標(biāo)）:The students are required to have a good knowledge ofthe main idea, a good command of the core words, expressions andstructures, learn to find out the meanings of unfamiliar words.Key Points （重點(diǎn) ）： Comprehension of the text;

2、 Core words, expressionsand structures.Difficulties （ 難點(diǎn) ）： Sentences beyond comprehension Approach （ 方法）: Interaction Procedures （步驟 ）:1. Word Study， 90 minutes2. Sentences beyond comprehension, 90 minutes3. Comprehension of the text, 90 minutes4. Exercises, 90 minutesStep One: Word StudyIn or out

3、of class, the students are required to tell the derivatives or synonymsof some words and make sentences with some collocations.1. Derivatives （派生詞） reward -rewardingfrustrate -frustrating -frustrated -frustration unlike -like-alike -likely-likelihood -likewise communication -communicate commitment-c

4、ommit assignment -assign embarrass -embarrassing -embarrassed-embarrassment continual -continually -continue -continuous -continuity favorite -favor -favorable 以下派生詞出現(xiàn)在課文里： eagerly-eager-eagerness;teacher-teach;quickly-quick;incorrect-correct-incorrectly;whenever-when,wonderful-wonder;conversation-c

5、onverse;unforgettable-forgettable-forget;friendship-friend2. Synonyms （同義詞）reward: award, medal, payment, prize frustrate: defeat, depress, disappoint,discourage, dismay, fail, smashpositive: certain; definite; sure; active; practical; absolute former: prior;previous; preceding;intimidate: threaten

6、opportunity: access; chance; occasion; shotmedium: average; mean; middle; moderateaccess right; means; way;participate (in): attend; campaign; engage (in); enter (into);go (in for); go (in to); go (to); joi n; play; racevirtual : actual; concrete; effective; essential; substantial; commitme nt: devo

7、tion; dedicati on; promise;assig nment: work; job; task; exercisecontinual: continuousreap: achieve; acquire;attain; derive; earn; gain; get; obtain;secure; winben efit: adva ntage; gain; good; in come; in terest; profit; receipts; retur ns;reve nue; yieldcom muni cate: excha nge; share; beam; cable

8、; carry; con duct; con vey;diffuse; deliver; hand; propagate; radio; relay; spread; sweep;transmit; transport; transfergap: differenee; divide; division;gulf3. Collocations (搭配)1) rewardEg. He received a medalin reward for his bravery.因表現(xiàn)勇敢他獲得 了一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。to reap / receiveo nejust reward 獲得應(yīng)有的報(bào)酬One reward

9、 of my job is meeting people. 我工作的報(bào)酬之一就是 結(jié)識(shí)了很多人。A $1000 reward has beenoffered for the return of the stole n pain ti ngs懸賞 1000 美圓尋找失竊的畫。to reward sb. for sth. / doing sth.Is this how you reward me for my help? 你就這樣報(bào)答我對(duì)你的幫 助嗎？to reward sb. with sthShe rewarded him with a smile.她向他報(bào)之一笑。2) juniorEg. H

10、e is several years unior to me.他比我小幾歲。3) seniorEg. He is ten yearsse nior to me.她比我大 10 歲。She is senior to me, since she joined the firm before me.她比我資格老，因?yàn)樗任蚁燃尤?公司。4) positiveEg. Are you positive that he has stolen the money 你肯定他偷了錢？ Shewas quite positive about the an swer to the questi on.他對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn) 題

11、的答案很有把握。Try to be more positive in deali ng with the problem.對(duì)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題再積極些。5) intimidateEg. intimidate sb. into sth. / doing sth.The robber in timidated the wit ness into sile nee.那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜威脅目擊者，要他嘴閉緊點(diǎn) 兒。6) opport unityEg. create/ find / get/ have an opport unity for sth. / doing sth. / to do sth.創(chuàng)造/尋找/得到/

12、有機(jī)會(huì)That was the situation until a couple of years later when I wasoffered anopportunity to study English through an online course.這種情況持續(xù) 了兩年。兩年后我得到了網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的機(jī)會(huì)。(NHCE Book 1 P.3, L.27)take the opport unity to do sth. / of doing sth. 趁此機(jī)會(huì)7) accessEg. The only access tothe farmhouse is across the fields.

13、要至 U 那個(gè)農(nóng)舍去只有穿過(guò)田地。Stude nts musthave access toa good library.學(xué)生們必須有個(gè)好圖書 館(使用)。Only high officials have access tothe preside nt.只有高級(jí)官員能接 觸總統(tǒng)。I soon got access to the necessaryequipment. (NHCE Book 1 P.3, L.29)很快，我有了這種必需 的設(shè)備。8) participateEg. See NHCE Book 1, P.3, L.319) commitme ntEg. Our compa nyhas

14、a commitme nt to equal pay and opport un ities. 我們公司承諾給員工提供平等的報(bào) 酬和機(jī)會(huì)。There is a growing commitment to fight poverty.越來(lái)越多的人承諾 同貧困作斗爭(zhēng)。Volun teers mustmake a commitme nt of four hours a week.自愿者必須保證每周工作 4 小時(shí)。Our employees commitment to their work shows in their high qualityoutput.我們的員工的敬業(yè)精神體現(xiàn)在高質(zhì)量的產(chǎn)品上。1

15、0) benefitEg. (1) to get / reap ben efit from sth.She did nt get much ben efit from her stay abroad.她生活在國(guó)外，沒(méi)有得到什么好處。(2) to have the ben efit of sth.I e had the ben efit of a good educati on.我得益于于良好的教育。(3) with the ben efit of sth.With the ben efit of moder n tech no logy, the software divisio n expe

16、ctsto achieve its sale targets this year 借助現(xiàn)代技術(shù)，軟件部預(yù)計(jì)能夠 完成今年的銷售指標(biāo)。(4)to be of ben efit to sb. / sth.The new regulati ons will be of great ben efit to us all.新規(guī)章制度對(duì) 大家都有好處。(5)to be to one ben efitThe cha nge in the law wouldbe to every on esbe nefit.本法的這一改變符合每個(gè)人的利益。(6)to ben efit by / fromWho is like

17、ly to ben efit most by / from the new tax law? 誰(shuí)可能從 新稅法中受益最多？11) gapEg. See NHCE P.4, L. 574.Expressi ons in the text with the line nu mber in the bracket (not in cludi ngthose on P.6 7):foreign Ianguage(1)夕卜語(yǔ);junior middle school (4)初級(jí)中學(xué);senior middle school (9)高級(jí)中學(xué);to take a class (5 上課; because o

18、f (5) 因?yàn)?；worry about (7)擔(dān)心; make a mistake (8)犯錯(cuò)誤; at the top of a class (8)在班上名列前茅；to be eager to do sth.(9 渴望;to be different from (10)與不同;to be patient with sb. / sth. (11)對(duì)有耐心;to point a stick at sb. / sth. (13) 用棍子指著；to lose onesjoy in doing sth. / sth. (15)失去興趣;to lose oneseagerness to do sth

19、(15 失去熱情；to lose onesdesire to do sth (16)失去欲望；(注意：以上三個(gè)短語(yǔ)都表 示“不想做某事”)to be required to do sth (19 需要；必須to be able to do sth (22 能 / 有能力;to be afraid to do sth (26)害怕;to stay at the same level (26);停留在原有水平to be offered an opport unity to do sth (27) 有機(jī)會(huì); on li ne course (28)網(wǎng) 上課程；to learn sth. from s

20、b.(30 向?qū)W習(xí); 一 virtual classroom (31)虛擬課堂; onlinelearning (32)網(wǎng)上學(xué)習(xí)；regular classroom study (32 常規(guī)課堂；the flow / pace/ step / rate / progress / schedule of the course (3 課程進(jìn)度; to meet thestandards (34 達(dá)到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；to set standards (34 確定 /制 9 定 / 設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn);to complete assignments (35) 完成任務(wù)/作業(yè)；on time (35)準(zhǔn)時(shí)；all the

21、time (36) 一直/始終；as well as (37)以及 / 除了；once in a while (38)有時(shí)；out of (38)因?yàn)?/ 由于;My mi nd was ope ned to / to ope n onWs mi nd to (50)樂(lè)于接受;communi cate with (52)與交流 / 溝通;participate in (54)參力卩;to stare into space (55)兩眼望青天 / 茫然不知所措；make friends (56)交 朋友；to bridge the gap between(57)彌合之間的鴻溝Step 2: Se

22、nten ces bey ond comprehe nsionBefore the teacher explanation, the students are asked to tell the meaning ofthe followi ng sen ten ces in En glish or Chin ese.)1.Learning a foreign Ianguage was(L. 1 2)Note: V-ing phrase can be used as a subject, part of a predicate,predicative, object of a verb or a

23、 preposition, complement and anadverbial, attributive. Pick out the V-ing phrases in the text and tell its partof speech. V-ing 短語(yǔ)可用做主語(yǔ)、部分謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞或介 詞賓語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。找出文中V-ing 短語(yǔ)并說(shuō)明其成分。2.My experienee with learning a foreign Ianguage began in junior middleschool, whe n I took my first En glish class. (L

24、.45)That was the situation until a couple of years lateiwhen I was offered anopportunity to study English through an online course.(L.27-28)Note: I n these two sen ten ces, the word whe n” is a relative adverb. In thefirst sentence, when” means in junior middle school ”，in the 2nd, a coupleof years

25、later.3.1) I had a kind and patient teacher who often praised all of the students.(L.5-6)-I had a kind and patient teacher, and he used to praise all of the students.老師很和藹，很耐心，經(jīng)常表?yè)P(yáng)學(xué)生。2) my new teacher quickly puni shed thosewho gave in correct answers. (L.12)-my teacher would punish those stude nts

26、if / whe n they gave in correctan swers.要是有誰(shuí)回答錯(cuò)了，老師就馬上懲罰他。3) I noticed there were many students who spoke much better than I did.(L. 23-24)我注意到(有)很多同學(xué)比我講得好-I no ticed that many stude nts spoke much better tha n I did.4) I didn feel intimidated by studentswho spoke faster than I did(L.39-40)很多同學(xué)比我講得快

27、，但我并不因此而害怕。-1 did not feel intimidated becausestudents spoke faster than I did. 注意：以上語(yǔ)句中“who”所引導(dǎo)的從句，請(qǐng)分析它在邏輯上與主句 的關(guān)系。4. While my former teacher had been patient with all of the students, my newteacher quickly puni shed those who gave in correct an swers. (L.11)以前，老師對(duì)學(xué)生很耐心，而新老師則動(dòng)輒懲罰那些答錯(cuò)的學(xué) 生。I drink bl

28、ack coffee while he prefers it with cream. 我喜歡喝清咖啡，而他則喜歡加點(diǎn)兒奶油。(See P11 Exercise VI )He fell asleep while (he was) doing his homework.他做作業(yè)時(shí) 睡著了。While Marry was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 瑪麗寫信時(shí) 孩子們?cè)谕膺呁?。While I admit there are problems, I dont agree that they can not besolved.

29、(雖然)我承認(rèn)有不少難題，但是我不認(rèn)為這些問(wèn)題不能解決。5. 1) Whe never we an swered in correctly, she poin ted a stick at us andshouted No! No!No!”L.13)2)Id like to see youwhe never it is convenient.Note: In the 1stsentence, wheneve” means every time”每當(dāng))，in the 2nd,at any time”在任何時(shí)候).6. It didn take me long to lose my eagerne

30、ss to answer questions. (L. 14) 不久，我便再也不想回答問(wèn)題了。Put the followi ng in to En glish:(1)沒(méi)多久他就作完了作業(yè)。(2)不久她就清醒了More examples:1) It took her three hours to mend her bike.2) It took us half an hour to get there.。7. Not on ly did I lose my joy in an sweri ng questio ns, but I also lost mydesire to say any th

31、i ng at all in En glish. (L.15-16)Not only did learning another Ianguage teach me the value of hard work,but it also gave me in sights into ano ther culture/( L. 48-49) (See P. 11Exercise VII )8. However, that didnlast long. ( L. 18)這種情況沒(méi)有持續(xù)多久。Note: In this sen ten ce, the word that” refers to the s

32、ituati on men ti onedabove”.9. As our classes were very large, I was only able to an swer a couple ofquestions in each class period. ( L. 22)因?yàn)榘嗵螅悦看握n我只能 回答幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。Note: The word as” can be used as a conjunction, leading a clause of time,reason, comparison, concession, means, etcAs” 可用作連接詞， 引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，表示

33、時(shí)間、原因、比較、讓步、方式方法等。重要的是善于分析主句和從句之間在邏輯上的關(guān)系，不在于” as”究竟是什么意思10. It seemed (that) my English was going to stay at the same level forever.(L.26)好象我的英語(yǔ)水平永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)提高了。More examples:1) It seems (that) you are right.2) It seems (that ) you donthave much choice11. That was the situatio nun til a couple of years lat

34、er(L. 27)這種情況 持續(xù)了幾年Note: 1)In this sen ten ce, that” andfhe situati on” both means the situation men tio ned above.2) until / till: 一直持續(xù)到 才結(jié)束12. I worked hard to meet the standardset by the course(L.34) Note; set bythe course, V-ed phrase, attributive.V-ed 短語(yǔ)可用做部分謂語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。13. I carried a littl

35、e dictionary with me everywhere I went, as well as anotebook in which I listed any new words I heard. (L. 36-37)- No matter where / wherever I went, I would carry a little dictio nary aswell as a no tebook, and I would list the new words n the no tebook as soonas I heard them.14. I took all the time

36、 I need to think out my idea and wrote a reply beforeposting it on the screen. (L.40)-I spe nt as much time as I n eed thinking out my ideaNote: 1) Here, theword tbok” means pend;2) f n eecT,attributive clause.15. I could understand just about everything came across, and mostimporta ntly, I could sa

37、y anything I wan ted to in En glish . (L. 42-43) Note: 1)Here,Icame across and f wan ted to” are attributive clause.2) in English16. Lear ning a foreig n Ian guage has bee n a mostying experie nee for me,but one that I wouldn trade for anything. (L.47)Note:1) trying: annoying or difficult in a way t

38、hat makes you feel worried,tired, etc.令人難受的；惱人的；困難的；2) but one : but it is an experience that I wouldnttrade for anything. /but is inv aluable.Step Three: Comprehe nsion of the Text1. Questions for students to answer (the answer should be as short aspossible )1) What is the writersexperience of lear

39、ning a foreign Ianguage?2)How did the writer do / perform in junior middle school? And why?3) What is the writersperformance in senior middle school? Why?4)f t seemedmy English was going to stay at the same level forever. Why?5) What does online learning require?6) How did the writer study English t

40、hrough an online course? And what wasthe effect?Learning a foreign Ianguage was one of the most difficult yet mostrewarding experienee in my life. I began to study English in junior middleschool whe n I was at the top of my class for two years because of myteacher positive method. When I went to sen

41、ior middle school,it didn take me long to lose my eagerness to answer questions and tosay anything at all in English because my new teacher quickly punishthose who gave in correct an swers. When I went to college, the situati onwas far from perfect although my teacher was kind and patie nt with allt

42、he students. The classes were so largthat we had little chance to speak inclass. The situation lasted until a couple of years later when I was offeredan opport un ity to study En glish through an on li ne course. I soon gotaccess to a com muni cati on medium. Besides, on li ne lear ning requirescomm

43、itment and discipline to keep up with the flow of the course. Iparticipate in the virtual classroom, worked hard to meet the minimum standards set by the course. Even tually, I reaped the ben efits of all my hardwork.Step Four: Exercise V (P.10), VIII (P.12), X (P.13)2. A summary of the text:Unit Th

44、ree :A Good Heart to Lean onObjectives: The students are required to have a good knowledge of the mainidea, a good command of the core words, expressions and structures, learn toread for the key idea in a sentence.Key points: Comprehension of the text, core words, expressions andstructuresDif. Point

45、s: Sentences beyond comprehensionApproach: InteractionProcedures: Step OneWord Study 90min.Step Two Sentences beyond comprehension 90min.Step ThreeComprehension of the text 90min.Step FourExercises 90minStep One: Word Study1. Derivativesknowledgeable-knowledge-know aid-unaidedunworthy- -worthy -wort

46、h envy-envious 以下是出現(xiàn)在課文里的派生詞impossible-possible enter-entrance amaze-amazed-amazingfrustration-frustrate-frustrated-frustrating2. Synonyms lean (on): depend (on / upon), rely (on), rest (on), bargain (on /for), count (on / upon),fall (back on), look (to) , cling (to) trust (in / to);severe: bad, cri

47、tical, gross, grave, heavy, nasty, serious; earnest, intense,solemn, sharp, smart, terrible, rigid, strict, drastic, stern, grim, harsh, fierce,sore, violent;coordinate: concert, integrate, harmonize, adjust, regulate, set, tune;halt: arrest, break off, go off, cut, cease, check, draw up, pack in, p

48、ause, quit,rest, stay, stop, suspend, terminate;pace: rate, rhythm, speed;nasty: 惡 劣 的 bad, dirty, harsh, wicked, mean, horrible, disgusting,unpleasant;cling (to):堅(jiān)持 adhere to, assert, bear up, holds to, hold out, holdsevere-severelyimpatient -patientprecise-preciselycripple -crippledcomplaint -comp

49、laininward -inwardlyown-ownerengage-engagementreluctance-reluctantembarrassed-embarrassunwanted-wanted-wantat / by;amaze: 使驚奇，使驚愕 alarm, amaze, appall, astonish, dismay, frighten,horrify, panic, scare, shock, start, startle, surprise, take aback, terrify, throw;subject:experience, have, inflict, rec

50、eive, suffer, sustain,undergo;stress: 緊張，憂慮 intense, nervous, strain, tense, tension, worry; 重 要 性import, importance, significance, value, consequence,magnitude, meaning, weight;壓力 press, pressure; 強(qiáng)調(diào)， 重視 emphasize, highlight, underline, value,appreciate, respect, regard, treasure, lay stress on, ma

51、ke a point of, payattention to;complaint: 意見 advice, comment, idea, judgement, opinion, say, sentiment,suggestion, theory, thinking;envy: 妒忌，羨慕 admire;precise: 精確的， 明確的， 準(zhǔn)確的， 確切的 accurate, clear, definite, distinct, exact,explicit, express, pinpoint, positive, true;engage: 參加，參與 attend, enter, campa

52、ign, join, participate, play, race, takepart in, be involved in, go in for, go to;occasion: 時(shí) 機(jī) ， 機(jī) 會(huì) access, chance, hearing, moment, odd, opportunity,scope, time;content: 使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足；滿意，滿足；滿意的，滿足的 fill, fulfill, meet, satisfy,serve, supply, happy, pleased;aid: 救助，援助，幫助 assist, avail, deliver, hand, he

53、lp, rescue, salvage, save,sponsor, subscribe, support, ,;urge: 1） 愿望 , 欲望 ambition, aspiration, desire, hope, wish; 2） 主 張 advocate,assert, claim, contend, favor, hold, insist, maintain, stand, submit; 3）促使，催促 force, compel, enforce, oblige, press, reduce, prompt, spur, hurry, push,rush;3）激勵(lì)，鼓勵(lì) adva

54、nce, accelerate, arouse, boost, excite, facilitate, gear,inspire, motivate, move, promote, stimulate, stir; 4）勸說(shuō) advise, argue,counsel, induce, recommend, persuade; 5）要求 apply, ask, appeal, beg, callfor / on, claim, demand, desire, exact, expect, insist, invite, plead, request,require, seek;3. Collo

55、cations :leanEg. The old manlent upon / on his stick. 那個(gè)老人靠拐杖走路。The workmen lent their shovels against the fence and went to lunch. 工人們把鍬往籬笆上一靠就去吃午飯去了。If they dont pay soon, well have to lean on them a little. 如果他們不立on, hang on, insist on, persist in,persevere in, keep to,stick to /即付款， 我們就得給他們施加點(diǎn)壓力

56、Studentslean on their instructors for guidance. 學(xué)生離不開老師的 指導(dǎo)。balanceEg. Try to achieve a better balance betweenwork and play. 爭(zhēng)取把工作和娛樂(lè)更好地結(jié)合起來(lái)。The newspaper maintains a good balance in its presentation of differentopinions.這家報(bào)紙?jiān)诳遣煌庖姇r(shí)總是不偏不倚。All parts of the building are in perfect balance . 這座建筑各部分都

57、非常勻稱。The future of the project is in the balance .這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的未來(lái)還懸而未 決。I was caught off balance by the sudden wind and nearly fell.突然一陣風(fēng)把我吹得東搖西晃險(xiǎn)些摔倒。Despite some failures, our firm has had a quite good yeaorn balance. 我們公司雖然有些不足之處，但總的來(lái)看這一年還是相當(dāng)不 錯(cuò)的。paceEg It is important for a firm to keep pace with changes

58、 in the market.對(duì)于一個(gè)公司來(lái)說(shuō)，跟上市場(chǎng)的變化是重要的。The company issetting the pace in the home computer market. 這家公司在國(guó)內(nèi)計(jì)算機(jī)市場(chǎng)上是領(lǐng)軍者。adjustEg. Adjusting to the tropic heat was more difficult than they had expected.適應(yīng)熱帶高溫比他預(yù)料的難得多。Wherever you go you have toadjust yourself to the local custom. 不管到什么地方都要適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐娘L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣。 clingE

59、g. They clung to each other as they said goodbye. 他們告別時(shí)緊緊 擁抱在一起。Sheclu ng to the hope that he was still alive 她一直抱著希望：他依 然活著。The smell of smoke clings to his clothe for a long time. 他的衣服上長(zhǎng)時(shí)間都有一股煙味。Small childre n cli ng to their mothers 小 孩子總離不開母親。 SubjectEg. Ancient Rome subjected most of Europe to

60、 its rule. 古羅馬曾征服 過(guò)歐洲大部分。Shewas subjected totorture. 她經(jīng)受過(guò)折磨。When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must havetaken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and stress. 現(xiàn)在回想起來(lái)， 我不僅驚嘆：一個(gè)成年人蒙受這樣的羞辱， 承受這樣的壓力需要多大的勇氣??！stressEg. He lays great stress onpunctuality. 他非常重視守時(shí)。 There

61、is notenough stress oneducation quality at the school. 這所學(xué)校不太重視教育質(zhì)量。complaintEg. I have a number of complaints about the hotel. 我對(duì)這家旅館有幾 點(diǎn)意見。She lodged a complaint about the noise. 她對(duì)噪音問(wèn)題提出投訴。We have received a lot of complaints of bad workmanship of theproduct.我們收到了很多投宿，說(shuō)這個(gè)產(chǎn)品工藝低劣。envyEg. He couldnt

62、 conceal his envy of me / at my success. 他掩蓋不住對(duì)我的/ 我的成功 的妒忌。engageEg. He was engaged asan interpreter. 他應(yīng)聘當(dāng)譯員。I engaged him in conversation. 我讓他參加談話。I have no time to engage in gossip. 我沒(méi)有時(shí)間參加閑聊。 occasionEg. on one / the present / last occasion 有一次 / 這一次 / 上一次 ; onoccasion 有時(shí); on the occasion of 在時(shí)c

63、ontentEg. Are You content with your present salary?你對(duì)現(xiàn)在的薪水滿意嗎？Heis content to stay in his present job. 他對(duì)現(xiàn)在工作很滿足 / 滿 意。complainEg. Shecomplained to me about his rudeness. 她對(duì)我說(shuō)他太粗魯。 Thepatie nt is complai ning of acute headache 病 人說(shuō)頭部居 U 痛。4.Expressions in the Textgrow up; to be embarrassedto do sth;

64、 let on; becauseof; start out; set the pace;adjust to; He went to work sick. make it to; even if; It was a matter of pride.It was impossible for him to walk. cling to; free of; think of; to be amazed at;to subject oneself to sth; to talk about oneself / sb. as; show envy of sb./ sth;look for; even t

65、hough; at times; engage in; go to dances and parties; have agood time; break out; a beach party; in frustration; take a dive; participate in;on leave; see to it that;to be gone; complain about; to be envious of;Step Two: Sentences beyond Comprehension1. A Good Heart to Lean on1）a good heart: a good

66、man / a man with a good heart2）to lean on: to be leant on / reliable / dependableNote: Infinitive（不定式） can be used as a subject 主語(yǔ)）,part of predicate（部分謂語(yǔ)）,predicative（表語(yǔ)）,complement（補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）,object（賓語(yǔ)）,adverbial（狀語(yǔ)）and attributive （定語(yǔ)）.In the title, the infin itive to lea n on”is anattributive, its logical （邏輯上的） object is “a good hear”t and its logicalsubject is當(dāng)不定式與被它修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，這個(gè)不定式可以是主動(dòng)式或被動(dòng)式；當(dāng)用主動(dòng)式時(shí)，其邏 輯上的主語(yǔ)一般是“我”或“我們”。在這個(gè)標(biāo)題中，to lean on”相當(dāng)于 who is to be lea nt on ”，其中 is to” 相當(dāng)于 can”，所以