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北京2019中考英語閱讀理解（三） 專題十八 閱讀理解 第3講 北京西城一模閱讀理解CD篇 教學(xué)目標(biāo) 1. 掌握本篇閱讀理解中出現(xiàn)的高頻詞及長難句。 2. 掌握閱讀理解的解題技巧, 并能夠指出本篇閱讀理解中運(yùn)用到的解題技巧。 3. 通過閱讀理解高頻詞、長難句等語料的積累, 及閱讀理解解題技巧的練習(xí), 靈活應(yīng)對(duì)各種閱讀理解題。 C篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 “巧婦難為無米之炊”, 在英語學(xué)習(xí)的過程中, 語料的積累至關(guān)重要。對(duì)于閱讀理解高頻詞和長難句的梳理, 能夠?yàn)槲覀兘窈蟮膶W(xué)習(xí)和提升打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高頻詞和長難句, 快來看看你掌握了嗎？ 高頻詞（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的詞匯量?jī)?chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 in common 共同的，共有的 remember v. 記得 experience v. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷 n. experience share v. 分享 environment n. 環(huán)境 notice v. 注意 attend v. 出席 wonderful adj. 極好的 adult n. 成年人 check out 檢驗(yàn) 長難句（課前檢測(cè)學(xué)生的句型儲(chǔ)備, 以教師提問的形式進(jìn)行。能夠準(zhǔn)確翻譯的為優(yōu), 模糊翻譯的良, 不會(huì)翻譯的為差。） 1. What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：編碼和寫作，演奏音樂和創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)的共同點(diǎn)是它能夠讓你把你的想法帶進(jìn)生活。 本句為復(fù)合句，主語是由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，表語是由that引導(dǎo)的表語從句，翻譯時(shí)要注意主從句的翻譯。 2. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too.（優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：分享自己的創(chuàng)作是非常有趣的，而且也可以看看其他人都創(chuàng)造了什么。 本句話的前半句是it作形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語to share one’s creations。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝。”，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories and poems she made up. Grayson Perry, an artist, grew up in a family with little money. He enjoyed himself by making up stories, drawing pictures for his stories and reading many books in the library. Bored but free, he spent hours looking out of the window, watching the changing clouds and seasons. Perry filled up his free time with what he liked. He became creative, because he could think freely. The writer talks about Syal and Perry to . A. stress the great differences between them B. introduce a popular writer and a famous artist C. suggest good ways of going through boredom D. show effects of boredom on developing creativity 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷 題干意為“作者談?wù)揝yal 和Perry的例子的目的是什么？”。兩個(gè)段落很長，我們首先要精讀段落，抓住兩個(gè)人物的態(tài)度，第一段中關(guān)鍵句為a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.意為“Meera Syal說無聊幫助她發(fā)展了她的思想”，第二段關(guān)鍵句為He became creative, because he could think freely.意為“他變得積極，因?yàn)樗軌蜃杂伤伎肌?，由這兩句關(guān)鍵句可知兩個(gè)人都認(rèn)為“無聊可以發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力，”，故選D。 題型 題型三：詞義猜測(cè)題 解釋 單詞的猜測(cè)能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分，是考查對(duì)文中關(guān)鍵詞語的理解。而且，所考察的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上，要根據(jù)文中語境來判斷。 設(shè)題方式 1. The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ______. 2. The word“…”most likely means _____. 3. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 2. 通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 3. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 4. 通過定義或釋義說明來猜測(cè)詞義 5. 通過描述猜測(cè)詞義 6. 用知識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)猜測(cè)詞義 7. 根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 典題精析 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time. However, research shows that it may hamper the development of their imagination, while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity. What does the word “hamper” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A. Slow down. B. Keep up with. C. Go beyond. D. Give rise to. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 通過同義詞和近、反義詞的關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 瀏覽本段，會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)本段中存在轉(zhuǎn)折連詞while“然而”，while后的句意為“無聊能給他們發(fā)展創(chuàng)造力的機(jī)會(huì)”，所以while之前的句意應(yīng)該與之相反，進(jìn)一步推測(cè)詞義。A意為“（使）慢下來”，B意為“跟上”，C意為“超出”，D意為“引起，導(dǎo)致”，故選A。 題型 題型四：主旨大意題 解釋 考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會(huì)和理解能力。 設(shè)題方式 1. 問標(biāo)題：What is the main topic of the passage? / The best title for the passage is _____. 2. 問中心：The first paragraph is mainly about the _____. / The passage is mostly about _____. 3. 問目的，態(tài)度：The author wants to tell _____. / The purpose of this article is to _____. 解題技巧 1. 瀏覽文章首尾段和各段開頭，抓住主旨段或主旨句 2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 3. 以掌握主旨為前提，處理推斷作者語氣及寫作意圖 典題精析 In the past, people thought it was strange to use the left hand. Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates. Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write. But these days parents and teachers have accepted that. In almost every school in the world, left-handed students can use their left hand to write. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A. Causes of being left handed. B. Encouragement to left-handers C. Punishment for using the left hand. D. Changes in opinions on left-handers. 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧2. 瀏覽全文，抓住關(guān)鍵字眼，把握主旨 本題考察的是第二段段落大意，要首先鎖定第二段的關(guān)鍵詞but，but之前的關(guān)鍵詞in the past和it was strange to use the left hand表明了在過去人們認(rèn)為使用左手是奇怪的，but之后的關(guān)鍵詞these days和have accepted that表明了現(xiàn)在人們接受了慣用左手的人。所以這段主要是講述了人們關(guān)于慣用左手的人的態(tài)度上的轉(zhuǎn)變。可以判定答案為Changes in opinions on left-handers.，故選D。 語篇精講 瀏覽問題 （抓住題干及選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞，以便有目的性的通讀文章） 題號(hào) 題干及選項(xiàng) 1 In the writer’s first coding class, she _______. （細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. made apps and games B. created a web page C. wrote for newspapers D. did some interviews 2 Why do more girls begin to learn coding?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. There are coding classes for girls. B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”. C. There are more girls in STEM. D. Girls can meet cool boys there. 3 What does the writer think of coding?（推理判斷題） A. It is better than playing music. B. It limits children’s imagination. C. It stops people from learning fast. D. It helps children with their creativity. 4 What is probably the best title for this passage?（主旨大意題） A. Start Coding as Early as Possible B. Come for Fun in Coder Dojo Class C. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to Code D. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women 通篇尋讀 （通讀文章，根據(jù)問題中的關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記出文章中的重點(diǎn)詞，短語或句子，為逐題分析做準(zhǔn)備） 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 日常生活類 夾敘夾議 429 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ As kids, we learn how to write, maybe play a musical instrument and draw. So why don’t we learn to code(編碼) computer programs too? What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life. Coding is all about creativity and that’s why I love it. Creating with code Coder Dojo helps young people around the world to learn computer programming for free. When I went to my first Coder Dojo class in Dublin City University in Ireland, at age nine, I didn’t know anything about coding or even what it was. But I remember making my very first web page that first day, and being surprised that I could create such a thing. It was a great feeling that I think every young person should experience! By going to Coder Dojo every week, I learned how to make websites, apps and games. One of my apps is called Auto-Journalist. It can help journalists(記者) and interviewees do interviews even if they are both really busy or live in different time zones. It is still in development, and I have showed it at all event called Coolest Projects Awards, where young people get to show the public what they have created with code. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too. Learning environment For the past three years I have also been helping to teach other young people at Coder Dojo DCU. In recent years I have also noticed many more girls attending Coder Dojo DCU to try out coding. This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls’ classes—girls and young women take part in it with their friends，and it doesn’t feel like coding is a “boy thing”. It is really wonderful to see this, because we need more girls and women in STEM(Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths). It’s a good way to learn more about technology. Start early One of the main things I have learned in the last few years is that coding is not only for adults, coding is for young people, too. And when you are a child it is a great time to start coding, because your imagination is the limit for what you can create! Want to learn more? Find out if there is a Coder Dojo near you at www. Coder dojo. com or set one up yourself! Also check out Code. org which has lots of fun drag-and-drop coding games. 逐題分析 語篇解讀：本篇文章主要講述了編碼這一概念，從編碼有助于提高創(chuàng)造力，編碼目前的學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境兩方面進(jìn)行討論，最后呼吁應(yīng)該給孩子們學(xué)習(xí)編碼的機(jī)會(huì)。 1. In the writer’s first coding class, she _______. A. made apps and games B. created a web page C. wrote for newspapers D. did some interviews 解析：B. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞first coding class可以將答案鎖定在文章第二段中，根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“I remember making my very first web page that first day”可以得知作者在第一節(jié)編碼課上創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)網(wǎng)頁，故選B。 2. Why do more girls begin to learn coding? A. There are coding classes for girls. B. Girls want to learn a “boy thing”. C. There are more girls in STEM. D. Girls can meet cool boys there. 解析：A. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為“為什么更多女孩開始學(xué)習(xí)編碼？”，根據(jù)題干可以把答案鎖定在文章第四段中，根據(jù)第四段關(guān)鍵句This has a lot to do with the Coder Dojo girls’ classes—girls and young women take part in it with their friends.可以判定Coder Dojo女孩班級(jí)是女孩們和朋友們可以一起參加的編碼班級(jí)，故選A。 3. What does the writer think of coding? A. It is better than playing music. B. It limits children’s imagination. C. It stops people from learning fast. D. It helps children with their creativity. 解析：D. 推理判斷題。本題詢問的是作者對(duì)編碼的看法，瀏覽全文，根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句Coding is all about creativity and that’s why I love it.可以判定出作者喜歡編碼的原因是因?yàn)樗蛣?chuàng)造力相關(guān)，故選D。 4. What is probably the best title for this passage? A. Start Coding as Early as Possible B. Come for Fun in Coder Dojo Class C. Kids Should Have Chances to Learn to Code D. STEM IS Calling for More Girls and Women 解析：C 主旨大意題。A項(xiàng)意為“盡早開始編碼”；B項(xiàng)意為“來Coder Dojo的課上玩吧”；C項(xiàng)意為“孩子們應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)編碼”；D項(xiàng)意為“STEM需要更多的女孩和女人”。首先根據(jù)文章第一段why don’t we learn to code(編碼) computer programs too?可以判定作者呼吁我們學(xué)習(xí)編碼；根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段when you are a child it is a great time to start coding可知孩子是學(xué)習(xí)編碼的最好時(shí)間，綜合這兩點(diǎn)我們得知文章主要強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“孩子們應(yīng)該有機(jī)會(huì)學(xué)習(xí)編碼”，故選C。 精講筆記 （學(xué)生在教師的指導(dǎo)下, 回顧本講中積累的閱讀理解的知識(shí)和方法） 語篇中積累的詞匯（至少積累10個(gè)） 單詞 詞性及詞義 單詞的運(yùn)用（鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生用所學(xué)詞匯造句） 語篇中的學(xué)到的方法（至少掌握2種） 細(xì)節(jié)理解題 1、2 推理判斷題 3 詞義猜測(cè)題 主旨大意題 4 能力提升 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯★ 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 in common v. 記得 experience v. v. 分享 environment n. v. 注意 v. 出席 wonderful adj. adult n. check out 二、句子英漢互譯★★ 1. 他說的話感動(dòng)了我。 _____________________________________________. 2. 我的問題是不知道選哪個(gè)電腦好。 ______________________________________________. 3. What coding has in common with writing, playing music and creating art is that it lets you bring your ideas to life ______________________________________________. 4. It’s so much fun to share one’s creations, and to see what everyone else has made too. ______________________________________________. 5. It is very important to keep our environment clean and tidy. ______________________________________________. 閱讀練習(xí) 話題 體裁 字?jǐn)?shù) 建議用時(shí) 實(shí)際用時(shí) 正確率 星級(jí) 科普環(huán)保類 說明文 329 7分鐘 __/4 ★★★ We all know that zebras have stripes（條紋）. But why? It’s hard to get a black-and-white answer. This is a question not just common people like us have asked, but scientists too. Several studies have been done to find out the reason behind the stripes and many theories （理論）have been suggested. According to a recent study, the type of stripes changes depending on the temperature where zebras live. The warmer the place is, the more stripes they may have. From this study, scientists believe that stripes may help to keep a zebra cool in warmer places. According to the cooler temperature theory, when air hits a zebra, the movements of air are stronger and faster over the black parts and slower over the white. This is because black color takes in more heat than white. So at the point where the black and white meet, there is cooling airflow. It can quickly cool a zebra’s skin! In fact, scientists have noticed that heavily striped zebras have 5.4T lower skin temperature than other animals without stripes in the same area. Some scientists believe that stripes may be an adaptation（適應(yīng)）by zebras to defend （防衛(wèi)）themselves from the horseflies that follow zebras. The cooler temperature theory holds merit here too, since disease-carrying flies like horseflies like it hot. Flies also dont like landing on striped surfaces. There also have been many other theories that have been suggested for why zebras have stripes. Some explanations are very common. One of them is that stripes may help zebras hide in grass especially from lions. Lions are color blind and even if they are not far away they may see stripes as grey and be confused by them. What’s more, zebras are a large group of animals living together. When a number of zebras stand or move together, stripes may confuse lions into thinking it is one large animal. 1. Stripes are helpful for zebras to_________.（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. stay cool B. move together C. live in cold places D. fight against diseases 2. How do zebras stripes protect them from lions?（細(xì)節(jié)理解題） A. Lions may be frightened away by strips. B. Lions may see stripes as many animals. C. Stripes can prevent zebras from being seen. D. Stripes may make lions confused. 3. The underlined words “holds merit "in Paragraph 4 probably mean"_________".（詞義猜測(cè)題） A. works well B. sounds unreasonable C. causes disagreement D. needs supporting facts 4. What is the passage mainly about?（主旨大意題） A. Why lions cant eat zebras. B. How horseflies keep away from zebras. C. Why zebras have stripes. D. How animals adapt to nature. 參考答案 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān) 一、詞匯/短語英漢互譯 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 in common 共同的，共有的 remember v. 記得 experience v. 經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷 share v. 分享 environment n. 環(huán)境 notice v. 注意 attend v. 出席 wonderful adj. 極好的 adult n. 成年人 check out 檢驗(yàn) 二、句子英漢互譯。 1. What he said moved me. 2. My problem is which computer to choose. 3. 編碼和寫作，演奏音樂和創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)的共同點(diǎn)是它能夠讓你把你的想法帶進(jìn)生活。 4. 分享自己的創(chuàng)作是非常有趣的，而且也可以看看其他人都創(chuàng)造了什么。 5. 保持我們的環(huán)境干凈和整潔是非常重要的。 閱讀練習(xí) 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C D篇 名師點(diǎn)撥 知識(shí)篇 高頻詞 單詞/短語 詞性 詞義 拓展 掌握情況 優(yōu) 良 差 success n. 成功 v. succeed failure n. 失敗 v. fail marathon n. 馬拉松 happen v. 發(fā)生 prepare for 為…準(zhǔn)備 surely adv. 當(dāng)然 angry adj. 生氣的 pity n. 遺憾，憐憫 thankful adj. 感謝的 give up 放棄 長難句 1. It seemed that on every vacation I was the one who couldn’t go the distance. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：似乎在每個(gè)假期，我都是那個(gè)不能遠(yuǎn)距離出行的人。 It seemed that…為表語從句，意為“似乎…”，that可以省略。 2. I had failed to climb to the top of that Mayan pyramid, but I did climb it and stood on these ancient stones. I had failed to meet a single weight loss goal and yet I had lost 43 pounds. I couldn’t walk 12 miles in four hours, but I could walk 12 miles. （優(yōu)*良*差*） _________________________________________________________________________________________________ 句意：我沒有登上瑪雅金字塔的頂端，但我攀登過而且站在這些古老石頭的下面；我沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)過一次減肥目標(biāo)，但我至少減掉了43磅；我不能在四小時(shí)內(nèi)走完十二英里，但我至少能走12英里。 本句為一個(gè)排比句式，可以在作文中利用這種句式形式進(jìn)行仿寫。 方法篇 “方法得當(dāng), 事半功倍?！敝挥姓Z料的積累, 沒有好方法的輔助也是不夠的。對(duì)于閱讀理解解題方法的梳理, 能夠幫助我們更好地理解閱讀理解的命題邏輯, 在有足夠語料積累的基礎(chǔ)上, 能夠幫助我們爭(zhēng)取高分。 親愛的同學(xué), 老師已經(jīng)為你精心整理了閱讀理解的解題技巧, 快來看看你掌握了多少？ 一、閱讀理解解題步驟 第一步 快速瀏覽全文，了解文章大概。 瀏覽時(shí)要注意以下句子：每段的開頭和結(jié)尾，重要的情節(jié)句子，如果遇到未學(xué)或不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞或不理解的句子，可以根據(jù)上下文猜測(cè)，切不可停留而放慢速度。 第二步 瀏覽問題，明確要求。 把文章后每個(gè)題目?jī)?nèi)容看明白，這樣又能輔助進(jìn)一步理解文章的主要內(nèi)容，具體做題時(shí)就能對(duì)號(hào)入座，找到文章中確切表達(dá)所要回答問題的關(guān)鍵句子。 第三步 通篇尋讀，確定段落。 也就是帶著問題去讀，找到要回答問題的關(guān)鍵詞、句或意群，以及任何有關(guān)答題的信息，用鉛筆畫下來，以便為下一步答題做好充分準(zhǔn)備。 第四步 逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。 把需要回答的問題和尋讀中找到的信息逐條分析，對(duì)號(hào)入座。一般來說，出題者問題設(shè)計(jì)都是按照文章內(nèi)容自上到下順序設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)難度先解決容易的，最后解決深層次的理解題。 第五步 復(fù)讀全文，驗(yàn)證答案。 全部題目做完后，必須再仔細(xì)閱讀一遍全文，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)文章理解，核實(shí)所選答案是否正確。 二、閱讀理解解題技巧 初中英語選擇型閱讀理解題主要分為四種題型，分別是細(xì)節(jié)理解題，推理判斷題，猜測(cè)詞義題和主旨大意題。接下來我們將從這四種題型的定義，設(shè)題方式和解題技巧三方面進(jìn)行介紹。 題型 題型一：細(xì)節(jié)理解題 解釋 本類試題主要考察學(xué)生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一特定細(xì)節(jié)或文章的主要事實(shí)的理解能力。問題包括詢問人（who）、物（what）、時(shí)間（when）、地點(diǎn)（where）、原因（cause）、結(jié)果（effect）、文中的數(shù)據(jù)（data）等。新聞、說明文、廣告信息等常?？疾爝@些細(xì)節(jié)。 設(shè)題方式 1. Which of the following statements is true/false? 2. Which of the following is (not) mentioned? 3. According to the passage, when( where, why, how, who, etc)…? 解題技巧 1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 2. 變通理解，間接轉(zhuǎn)述找答案 3. 多點(diǎn)歸納，綜合事實(shí)找答案 典題精析 Which hand do you use when write? About 8 to 15 percent of people are left handed. They often have to use tools that are designed for right-handed people. So it is difficult for left-handers to use most tools. If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）. If right-handers cut up potatoes with their left hand, they will . A. get hurt B. give up cutting C. feel awkward D. change their tools 本題可以運(yùn)用到解題技巧1. 細(xì)心審題，直接就題找答案 瀏覽題干，確定關(guān)鍵短語為cut up potatoes with their left hand，瀏覽段落，確定關(guān)鍵句 If you are right handed, try this experiment: Take a knife with your left hand and try cutting a potato into pieces. Don’t be surprised if you feel awkward（別扭的）.“如果你是一個(gè)習(xí)慣用右手的人，用左手拿刀把土豆切成塊。如果你感到別扭并不讓人驚訝。”，根據(jù)句意即可推斷出正確答案，故選C。 題型 題型二：推理判斷題 解釋 推理判斷題著重考察學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力，即要求學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推理判斷。此類題目難度大，涉及面廣，如人物的性格、心理，故事的結(jié)局、寓意，文章的出處、體裁，作者的傾向、態(tài)度等。 設(shè)題方式 1. It can be inferred from the text that_____. 2. From the text we know that _____. 3. With which of the following does the author agree? 4. The passage is probably taken from a _____. 解題技巧 1. 通過文章陳述的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推斷 2. 根據(jù)文章所提供的的背景，人物的表情，動(dòng)作和語言進(jìn)行推斷 3. 根據(jù)作者的意圖和態(tài)度進(jìn)行推斷 典題精析 Boredom is often linked with loneliness, but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind. She told researchers about her childhood. Having few things to do, Syal often talked with her neighbors. She also tried to do things like learning to bake cakes. “But importantly, I Thought and wrote a lot, because I was bored,” Syal said. She kept a diary, filling her time with short stories a