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過去完成時 BythetimeIgotoutside thebushadalreadyleft thepolicemangettotheshop Tomrunaway Bythetimethepolicemangottotheshop Tomhadrunaway Speaking freely Bythetime orWhen LiuMeiwakeup theconcertbeover BythetimeLiuMeiwokeup theconcerthadbeenover hisgrandmacomefromAmerica LiMinggrowup BythetimehisgrandmacamefromAmerica LiMinghadgrownup 20062011 learn4000Englishwords Bytheendof Bytheendof2006 Ihadlearned4000newwords ThePastPerfectTense過去完成時 過去完成時的構(gòu)成助動詞had 用于各種人稱和數(shù) 過去分詞 WhenIgottoschool thebellhadrung 2 過去完成時的用法 主要是表示在過去某個時間 或是動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作 也就是過去的過去 ThePastPerfectTense過去完成時 3 常用的幾種方式 用介詞by before等構(gòu)成的時間短語 用連詞when before after或者短語bythetime引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句 Wehadlearnt20Englishsongsbytheendoflastmonth TheplanehadtakenoffwhenIreachedtheairport BythetimeIgotup mybrotherhadlefthome 常用動詞的過去式和過去分詞 playplayedplayedworkworkedworkedleaveleftleftsaysaidsaidgowentgonebewas werebeentaketooktakengetgotgotten startstartedstarted breakbrokebrokenspeakspokespokendrivedrovedrivenseesawseeneatateeatengivegavegivenknowknewknowngrowgrewgrown 1 We learn twothousandswordsbythetimeIwenttoMiddleSchool Canyoudoit 3 Whenwe arrive atthestation they wait formorethantwentyminutes hadlearned arrived hadwaited 2 I know himwhenIwasastudent hadknown 4 Oneofthemendidn tmove becausehe break hislegs hadbroken 5 Byyesterdayeveninghe thatimportantletter write 6 IthoughtI themanbefore meet 7 Bysixo clockthey fortenhours work 8 IwenttoNick shouse buthe out go 9 I theproblemwhenclasswasover notunderstand hadwritten hadmet hadworked hadgone hadn tunderstood 口語練習(xí)1 a Igotup Mybrotherwasintheshoweralready b BythetimeIgotup mybrother intheshoweralready 2 a Iranoutsidetothebusstop Thebuswasgone b 3 a Igothome Irealizedthatmyhomeworkwasstillatschool b hadgotten BythetimeIranoutsidetothebusstop thebushadalreadygone WhenIgothome IrealizedthatIhadleftmyhomeworkatschool 4 a Iwokeup Myclockstoppedtwohoursago b 5 a Igottothecinemaat8 Thefilmstartedat7 30 b 6 a Igottotheparty Jimwenthomeanhourago b BythetimeIgottothecinema thefilmhadalreadystarted BythetimeIwokeup myclockhadstoppedfortwohours WhenIgottotheparty Jimhadalreadygonehome 一 表現(xiàn)形式1 基本形式 had 過去分詞 2 否定形式 had not 過去分詞 hadnot照樣可縮寫hadn t 3 一般疑問形式 had提到句首 回答用Yes 主語 had No 主語 hadn t 例如 Hadhetoldyoutogothereearlieryesterday 他昨天告訴過你早點兒到那兒嗎 Yes hehad No hehadn t 是的 他告訴了 不 他沒有 4 被動語態(tài)形式 had been 過去分詞 如 WhenIgotthere thewindowshadbeenbroken 二 用法1 過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)結(jié)束或完成 它表示的動作發(fā)生的時間是 過去的過去 Ihadwrittenthearticlewhentheycame 2 表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去的某一時間之前已經(jīng)開始 一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間 Theyhadworkedfor12hoursby6o clockthismorning 明顯標(biāo)志 1 句中有by引導(dǎo)的過去時間狀語 Bythetimewegotthere alltheotherguestshadarrived 2 與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有already yet still never等 TheyhadalreadyleftbeforeIreturned 1 Kate sneverseenChinesefilms A hasn tsheB hassheC isn tsheD isshe2 AnnhasgonetoShanghai So herparents A hasB hadC didD have3 Mum mayIgooutandplaybasketball you yourhomeworkyet A Do finishB Are finishingC Did finishD Have finished 4 HisbrotherhasbeentoStoneForestwice hecametoYunnan afterB beforeC sinceD for5 Tom theCDplayerfortwoweeks A haslentB hasborrowedC hasboughtD hashad6 I aletterfromhimsinceheleft A didn treceiveB haven tgotC didn thaveD haven theard 7 Haveyouever LintongtoseetheTerraCottaWarriors Yes Ihave wenttoB gonetoC beeninD beento8 Myparents Shangdongfortenyears havebeeninB havebeentoC havegonetoD havebeen9 Iwon tgototheconcertbecauseI myticket A lostB don tloseC havelostD iscoming 1 WhenI get there theSmithsalready have theirdinner 2 Bytheendoflastyearthey produce morethan500 000tractors 3 Tom read atleast20novelsinthepastyear 4 He work onafarmfor3yearsbeforehebecameashopkeeper 7 Mybrother join thearmyin1989 He be asoldierforover3years 10 I know Mr LisinceI come tostudyinthisschool 11 Sofar Irving live inNewYorkCityfortenyears