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Unit 22 Environmental Protection 課時(shí)練1　閱讀理解提速練 閱讀理解 A (2018湖北部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Jon Hoffman was sitting at a red light when he saw a man run out of a store carrying a plastic donation jar full of cash.Dressed in plain clothes，Jon Hoffman caught the man and pressed him against the hood(引擎蓋) of his car. But Hoffman had trouble controlling the thief，and they got into a struggle. “The detective has a military background，and he said he thought the suspect must have a military background，too，because he was able to break away so easily，” a local police spokesperson said. The detective called out for help as a crowd gathered. Among those watching were Harvey and Kirby，two day laborers. Harvey did what has bee mon these days—he took out his phone to shoot the video. “I hate to say it，but I thought that this policeman was doing something stupid，”Harvey said. “But when he asked for help，I thought，well，there wouldn’t be shooting if I got over there in time.” Harvey jumped into action，while he was still recording the video. So did Kirby. “Harvey caught hold of the suspect’s arms，while Kirby seized his legs，and they were able to get the suspect to the ground to help Detective Hoffman put the handcuffs(手銬) on，”said the police spokesperson. The 27yearold suspect was charged with resisting arrest and other offenses. The charity jar he stole held less than $50. “I’ve been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life，”Harvey said. “It feels good to be on the right side and do something positive.” After the arrest，the three men got to know each other at a local steak house—Hoffman’s treat，as a thank you. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇新聞故事，講述了一位偵探在兩位臨時(shí)工的協(xié)助下制服一名嫌疑人的過程。 1．What made Hoffman call for help when arresting the suspect? A．He was not on duty. B．He couldn’t control the suspect. C．He needed witnesses to support him. D．He wanted to push the thief into the car. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句可知，Hoffman控制住那個(gè)嫌疑人有困難，并且他們扭打在一起。故選項(xiàng)B正確。 2．What can be inferred about Harvey? A．He was ready to break the law. B．He was out of work at that time. C．He had a good military background. D．He might have had some illegal deeds. D　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中的“I’ve been on the wrong side of the law several times in my life”可知，Harvey曾經(jīng)違反過法律，所以選項(xiàng)D “他可能有過一些違法行為”是正確的。 3．What is Hoffman’s attitude towards Harvey and Kirby? A．Grateful.　　　　　　　　 B．Prejudiced. C．Skeptical. D．Admirable. A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Hoffman’s treat，as a thank you”可知，嫌疑人被捕后，Hoffman請(qǐng)Harvey和Kirby吃飯，作為對(duì)他們的感謝。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。 B (2018湖北八校高三聯(lián)考)We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.When we do study our language, though, we are often surprised that we are able to understand our conversations.Words can mean so many different things.However, it turns out that the speaking situation helps a lot in making language work. First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.For example, the word “dog” can describe a dog that a speaker saw in a dream.It can also be used to discuss a neighbor’s dog.No language has a separate word for the idea “dog that I saw yesterday” and another word for the idea “dog that I saw in a dream”．This is because the speaking situation makes it clear what speakers mean when they use words.So, when you have a conversation with your neighbor, the knowledge that you have a dog tells your neighbor what the word “dog” probably means in that situation. The speaking situation also helps make language clearer.For example, the word “bank” has two possible meanings.It can mean “a place where people keep money”，but it can also mean “the side of a river”．So the sentence “I went to the bank” is not clear.It could mean I went to the side of the river or it could mean I went to the place where my money is kept.However, if the speaker is talking about fishing or going to the mountains, others probably know that “bank” means “the side of a river”． The things that speakers say may not always be clear.Sometimes the words are not very particular, but the speaking situation can provide the meaning.Other times words may have many meanings.Then the speaking situation limits the right meaning.This extra knowledge from the situation is very important to understand language. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文講述了語(yǔ)境對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解起著很大作用。 4．The passage is mainly about ________． A．the best time and place to talk to others B．how the speaking situation helps language work C．what to say in difficult situations D．how our language works B　解析：主旨大意題。本文講述了語(yǔ)境對(duì)語(yǔ)言的理解起著很大作用，故選B。 5．According to the passage, we can safely say that ________． A．the speaking situation does not affect the meaning of words　 B．speaking is not very natural for most people C．the speaking situation is not important D．people often do not consider how talking works D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“We do not usually think about how our language works.Talking is such a natural, everyday activity that we do not often stop to consider how it actually works.”可知，故選D。 6．By using the example of the word “dog”， the writer wants to show that ________． A．a(chǎn) word may need to be explained in a conversation B．a(chǎn) word may have different meanings C．the speaking situation helps people understand the particular meaning of a word D．the meaning of words is not particular C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的第一句話“First, the speaking situation helps make words more particular.”和下文的“For example”可知，下文正是用dog一詞舉例來論證第二段的第一句話，故選C。 7．According to the passage, we can know the meaning of the word “bank” by referring to ________． A．the time and the place where the conversation happens B．the occupation of the person who uses the word C．earlier or later parts of the conversation D．a(chǎn) reliable dictionary C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段所講，作者用bank一詞舉例說明對(duì)話中這個(gè)詞之前或之后的部分決定了這個(gè)詞的含義，故選C。 C (2018濟(jì)南模擬)A European Union program is letting blind people experience famous paintings for the first time. It uses three－dimensional(3－D) printing to recreate famous paintings so they can be touched. One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt’s “The Kiss”. It is a popular attraction at the Belvedere Museum in Vienna, Austria. The painting shows a man and a woman standing in a field filled with flowers. They are wearing gold robes and have their arms around each other. The man leans down to kiss the woman. Klimt finished the painting in 1908. Until now, people who had trouble seeing could not appreciate the artwork. But thanks to the reproduction they can touch the piece and feel the ridges and depressions. Andreas Reichinger started making 3－D versions of artwork in 2010. He said this reproduction was his most difficult project because the couple’s robes are so detailed. Dominika Raditsch is a blind museum visitor. She touched the reproduction. As she moved her hands around it she said, “Exactly, can you see these? There are so many details.”Raditsch said she could imagine what the original painting looks like when she touched the reproduction. “It’s somehow round. You can feel it. You can feel it. It es with it. And in many places it’s so smooth. And then I think to myself: it probably shines too！” Raditsch said. The Belvedere is not the only museum to have 3－D versions of its artwork. Some of the pieces at the Prado Museum, in Madrid, Spain have reproductions that can be touched. But the piece in Vienna has one special part: it is made with widely available 3－D printing technology. That means one day, blind art fans anywhere in the world could download the source files and print the reproductions themselves. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了歐盟的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目使用3D打印技術(shù)重現(xiàn)名畫，讓它們可以被視障人士觸摸到。 8．What is “The Kiss”？ A．A European Union project.　　 B．A popular painting. C．A 3－D technology. D．A famous museum. B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“One painting printed with the new technology is Gustav Klimt’s ‘The Kiss’. It is a popular attraction...” 可知，《吻》是一幅深受大家歡迎的畫作。故選B項(xiàng)。 9．Why did Reichinger say this reproduction was difficult to finish? A．The painting was reproduced detailedly. B．The original artwork was made in 1908. C．Blind art fans can’t download the source. D．The 3－D technology is not available. A　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的最后一句可知，Andreas Reichinger說《吻》是最難完成的作品，因?yàn)槟菍?duì)戀人的長(zhǎng)袍細(xì)節(jié)很多。故選A項(xiàng)。 10．How did Raditsch feel when she first touched the reproduction? A．Awkward. B．Puzzled. C．Excited. D．Nervous. C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“You can feel it. You can feel it.”可以推測(cè)出Raditsch“激動(dòng)的”心情。故選C項(xiàng)。 11．What is the best title for the text? A．A European Union Program for Museum Visitors B．3－D Printing Lets the Blind Experience Famous Paintings C．How to Reproduce the World－famous Paintings D．A Special Museum for Art Fans in Vienna, Austria B　解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段中的內(nèi)容可以看出，用3D打印技術(shù)讓視障人士體驗(yàn)名畫是文章的中心，下文是圍繞該話題展開介紹的。故選B項(xiàng)。 D (2018湖北七市高三聯(lián)考)Modern humans have a hard time controlling their desire to eat.Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.How much you eat is strongly affected by how much those around you eat.People eating alone eat least.People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.People dining in a party of four eat 75 percent more.Eating with overweight friends? You’ll eat more.Is your waitress overweight? You’ll eat more.A wide variety of food? You’ll eat more. Plates can decide how sweet dessert tastes.If people ate it off a paper plate, they’d say, “This is good.” If they ate it off a fancy silver plate, they would say, “This is the greatest cake I’ve eaten in my entire life.” Your knowledge about what makes food good or bad also affects how much you eat. You tend to eat more when you think the food is good, and less when you think it is bad.So Grandma’s cookies always taste better than other cookies.“Good food” even has a “health halo(光環(huán)) effect”．If we’re eating something healthy, we feel that everything in that meal is healthy.Due to this, people often believe that a cheese cake with a salad has fewer calories(卡路里) than the cheese cake alone.That’s perhaps also why eating organic(有機(jī)的) food might turn you into an annoying guy. Your brain may use anything that makes you feel good about your own morality to excuse your immoral behaviour. Food and hunger affect your judgment too.Hungry judges give more serious sentences. Kids who don’t eat breakfast behave worse than kids who eat their breakfast.People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文主要介紹了哪些因素會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們吃得更多。 12．What is mentioned as a cause of overeating? A．Suffering from great loneliness. B．Being served by a helpful waitress. C．Being treated to high quality food. D．Eating with many friends. D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“People eating with one other person eat 35 percent more than they do at home.” 可知，和許多朋友一起吃飯是吃得多的一個(gè)原因，故D項(xiàng)正確。 13．According to the passage, an annoying person may be one who________． A．finds any excuse for eating more B．is crazy about the quality of plates C．petes with others in making cookies D．teaches people to stick to morality A　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容和第三段中的“That’s perhaps also...your immoral behaviour.” 可知，一個(gè)讓人討厭的人可能總會(huì)找到多吃的借口，故A項(xiàng)正確。 14．According to the passage, people are more likely to make a bad judgment when ________． A．they don’t feel hungry B．they aren’t overweight C．they have low blood sugar D．they know little about food C　解析： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的“People who have low blood sugar are more likely than the average person to have trouble concentrating and controlling their unpleasant emotions.” 可知，低血糖的人比常人更難以集中注意力和控制自己的情緒，判斷力會(huì)更差，故C項(xiàng)正確。 15．What would be the best title for the passage? A．When Can’t We Go on a Diet? B．What Affects Eating? C．How to Make Good Food D．Where to Find Safe Food B　解析： 標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文的主題句是第一段的第二句“Often you eat not because you are hungry, but because you are affected by many other things.”， 結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹影響吃飯的因素，故B項(xiàng)最能概括文章大意。 七選五 (2018云南三校高考適應(yīng)性考試)Unless you think you’re the smartest, who doesn’t want to be smarter? Of course I want to be smarter too.So I try to find out who’s the real smart guy that maybe I can learn from.1.________ They probably do social media.Not always, but probably.2.________ They also use this to ensure they can feed their brains with things they otherwise wouldn’t have e across. 3．________ They never bother their head about the problem of “worklife balance” and somehow manage to seem 100% engaged in what they’re doing, on all fronts simultaneously(同時(shí)), even though you know they’re taking appropriate steps behind the scenes to make sure their lives are well balanced. They know they are the smartest in the room, but they don’t spend much time talking about that.4.________ That is, they challenge themselves to make everyone else in the room the smartest person too. They never, ever, under any circumstances, make you look stupid, even though it would be easy to do so.They’ve learnt through bitter experience that the only thing that happens when you make someone look bad is that you look bad yourself. If they are managers, they will make every effort to get people more connected and more popular than them in their teams.5.________ They’re not threatened because they know that smartness is synergistic (相互促進(jìn)的)． A．It’s not only a chance to listen. B．They know it is an advantage to them. C．They take it as a personal challenge instead. D．They will be smiling even when things go wrong. E．Now I’ve got an answer about whether someone’s smart. F．They also ensure their smart people look smarter than them. G．They deal with home, work and personal interests perfectly. 【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說明文， 主要介紹了聰明人的特征。 1.E　解析：本空承接上文， 并引出下文內(nèi)容， 空前提到 “So I try to find out who’s the real smart guy that maybe I can learn from.”， 下文羅列了一些聰明人的特征， 故本空填E項(xiàng) “現(xiàn)在我對(duì)一個(gè)人是否聰明已經(jīng)有答案了”。 2．A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知， 下句中的 “this” 指代的是 “a chance to listen”， 而且A項(xiàng)中的 “not only” 與下句中的 “also” 呼應(yīng)， 故A項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。本空易錯(cuò)選B項(xiàng)， 但如果對(duì)他們來說是有利的， 空前就不會(huì)說 “Not always, but probably.”了。 3．G　解析：本空總結(jié)本段的內(nèi)容， 是本段的主旨句。根據(jù)下文中的 “worklife balance” “make sure their lives are well balanced” 可知， 本段講的聰明人的特征就是 “他們能完美地處理家庭、工作和個(gè)人愛好(之間的關(guān)系)”， G項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。 4．C　解析：下文中的 “they challenge themselves” 與C項(xiàng)中的 “as a personal challenge” 相呼應(yīng)。 5．F　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“they are managers”及 “they will make every effort to...than them in their teams” 與F項(xiàng)的“ensure their smart people look smarter than them”相呼應(yīng)。