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2019-2020年高一英語(yǔ)提高班 記單詞和猜詞技巧 教案 一．怎樣記單詞 1、結(jié)合記憶法：將比較生疏，不常用的單詞放入一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境——句子中，結(jié)合句意來(lái)記憶單詞。遇到此單詞時(shí)，若詞義忘記，則可通過(guò)回憶所在句子的意思來(lái)記憶單詞。例如： Slope: n. ① 傾斜；坡度；斜度e.g. There is always a certain slope in a ships deck. 船的甲板總有幾分傾斜。 ② 斜面；斜坡e.g. We climbed the steep slope of the hill. 我們爬了那座陡峭的傾坡。 vi.傾斜e.g. The railroad slopes up slightly at this point. 鐵路在此處有輕微的傾斜。 Critical: adj. ①批評(píng)（性）的，吹毛求疵的 I dont like people who are too critical about everything. 我不喜歡對(duì)每件事都太吹毛疵的人。 ②緊要的，關(guān)鍵的；危急的 His condition is reported as being very critical. 據(jù)報(bào)告他的情況非常危急。 2、同類(lèi)記憶法 將同類(lèi)詞匯收集在一起，同時(shí)背記。注意，同類(lèi)詞匯與同義詞不同：同義詞是指意思相同，而同類(lèi)詞是指基本屬性相同、具體意義的層次，級(jí)別或范圍不同的一類(lèi)詞匯如headmaster和principal是同義詞，都表示，“中小學(xué)校長(zhǎng)”；president和chancellor是同義詞，都表示大專(zhuān)院?！靶ｉL(zhǎng)”。這兩組詞是同類(lèi)詞匯，都表示“校長(zhǎng)”，但具體級(jí)別不同，所以兩組詞不是同義詞。再如bachelor（學(xué)士）、master（碩士），doctor （博士）三個(gè)詞都表示學(xué)位授予的情況，“但具體級(jí)別不同，所以這三個(gè)詞也是一組同類(lèi)詞匯。 3、比較記憶法 把同義詞或形似詞放在一起，加以區(qū)別、說(shuō)明來(lái)掌握單詞的方法。記憶的過(guò)程是一組組，一對(duì)對(duì)單詞同時(shí)記憶。這種記憶方法可以記住單詞拼寫(xiě)的同時(shí)，還掌握了詞與詞的區(qū)別和各自特殊的用法，于是將平時(shí)極易混淆的單詞清楚地區(qū)別開(kāi)。例如：同義詞admit和confess均表示“承認(rèn)”。但confess，含有“坦白”，“懺悔”，的意思，而admit卻無(wú)此意。admit除含有“承認(rèn)”之意外，還含有“允許，接納”的意思。acquire、inquire、require是三個(gè)形似詞，拼寫(xiě)很相似，但意思卻完全不同acquire（取得，獲得）。inquire（打聽(tīng)，查詢）、require（需要，要求，命令）。 4、構(gòu)詞法記憶法 通過(guò)掌握構(gòu)詞法來(lái)記憶單詞。英語(yǔ)主要有三種構(gòu)詞法： ① 轉(zhuǎn)化，即由一個(gè)詞類(lèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為另一個(gè)詞類(lèi)。例如： picture（n）畫(huà)-picture（v）描繪 water（n）水——water（v） 澆水 ② 派生，即通過(guò)加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞，例如：happy——unhappy（加前綴）happiness（加后綴） ③ 合成，即由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。例如： wood（木）＋cut（刻）——woodcut（木刻） pea（豌豆）＋nuts（堅(jiān)果）—— peanut（花生） 5、根義記憶法 利用根義代替記憶多義，可以解決“沒(méi)有生詞”卻老讀不懂的問(wèn)題 ① The woman immediately behind the car. ② She is my immediate neighbor. immediate（ly）根義：中間沒(méi)有間隔（地），（時(shí)間）立刻；（空間）緊挨，通接，緊跟 6．巧借拼音妙記單詞 ① ban n.禁令，禁止〔記法〕將“ban”當(dāng)作漢字“頒”的拼音，則可記成：頒〈ban〉布禁令。 ② change n./v.變化，改變〔記法〕將“chang”當(dāng)作漢字“嫦”的拼音，“e”當(dāng)作漢字“娥”的拼音；則可記成：嫦〈chang〉娥〈e〉跳舞，變化多端。 ③ gang n.一群，一伙〔記法〕將“gang”當(dāng)作漢字“岡”的拼音；則可記成：一群大老虎，重現(xiàn)景陽(yáng)岡〈gang〉。 ④ jump n./v.〔記法〕將“ju”當(dāng)作漢字“車(chē)”的拼音，“m”當(dāng)作漢字“馬”的拼音聲母，“p”當(dāng)作漢字“炮”的拼音聲母；則可記成：象棋車(chē)〈ju〉馬〈m〉炮〈p〉，不停地跳躍。 ⑤ mouse n.鼠，鼠標(biāo)〔記法〕將“mou”當(dāng)作漢字“某”的拼音，“se”當(dāng)作漢字“色”的拼音；則可記成：某〈mou〉種顏色〈se〉的鼠標(biāo)。 ⑥ pale a.蒼白的，灰白的〔記法〕將“pa”當(dāng)作漢字“怕”的拼音，“l(fā)e”當(dāng)作漢字“了”的拼音；則可記成：蒼白的臉色，表明他怕〈pa〉了〈le〉。 7．連詞成句 ① 馬戲團(tuán)的鸚鵡： 它一歲的age(年紀(jì)) 會(huì)說(shuō)人的language(語(yǔ)言) 頭腦很懂manage(經(jīng)營(yíng)) 要求增加wage(薪水) 惹得老板rage(發(fā)怒 ) 把它關(guān)進(jìn)cage(籠子) ② 敗家女的生活 天生就很lazy(懶惰的) 生活就愛(ài)cozy(舒適的) 上街血拼crazy(瘋狂的) 體胖心感uneasy(不安的) 減肥虛脫dizzy(頭暈眼花的) 成天沉溺fantasy(幻想) ③ 作家的退休生活 每月都領(lǐng)pension(退休金) 天天守著television(電視機(jī)) 社交沒(méi)有occasion(場(chǎng)合) 生活缺乏passion(激情) 于是下定decision(決心) 進(jìn)行舊書(shū)revision(修訂) ④ 八戒怨唐僧 總住破爛hut(小屋) 門(mén)都沒(méi)有shut(關(guān)閉) 餐餐吃peanut(花生) 一年沒(méi)haircut(理發(fā)) 老指俺的nut(堅(jiān)果,頭) 說(shuō)等妖怪cut(砍,剪) ⑤ 猜猜這是哪 有一個(gè)nation(國(guó)家) 最崇拜examination(考試) 不考查creation(創(chuàng)造) 只檢查information(知識(shí)) 不管你有多少imagination(想象力) 也只能聽(tīng)到老師的explanation(解釋) 二．猜詞技巧 1. 定義與解釋線索 Definition and Explanation clues 單詞的意義可由定義線索來(lái)判斷。 常用的詞有：is, are, or, means, is called, known as, refer to, that is, in other words。也可以通過(guò)同位語(yǔ)、定于從句、破折號(hào)、括號(hào)、插入語(yǔ)等解釋線索來(lái)猜詞悟義。 例： Philatelist is a person who collects stamps. ( ) ① Solar energy is energy from the sun. ( ) ② People who study the stars are called astronomers. ( ) ③ There are four parts, or ponents, in a simple stereo system. ( ) ④ Diet also refers to the kinds of food one eats regularly. For example, if someone eats meat and fish but no fruits and vegetables, his diet is not well balanced. ( ) ⑤ Some people do not eat meat or fish at all, they are called vegetarians. ( ) 2. 同義線索(Synonym clues) 單詞的詞義可靠同義線索來(lái)判斷。 例：Some animals hibernate in winter. They have winter sleep under the mud, or under the snow. ( ) ① Sir Isaac Newton discovered the law of gravity. This rule tells us why things fall to the ground. ( ) ( ) ② In the United States businessmen are skilled at handling strong disagreements in meeting. The Japanese, on the other hand, are adroit at avoiding such confrontations.( ) ( ) ③ The teenagers was ordered to make full restitution to the owner of the damaged car. He swiftly made full payment for the damage to the auto he had hit. ( ) ④ The cost of a college education is skyrocketing. Since tuition costs are rapidly rising, many students must take jobs to help meet expenses. ( ) ⑤ Moving closer to school can both ameliorate your muting problem and improve your social life. ( ) 3. 反義線索(Antonym clues) 通過(guò)反義線索可悟出詞義。 常用的詞有：but, although, however, despite, nevertheless, rather, yet, while, on the other hand, in contrast with/to, instead of等等。 例： Everyone has strong points as well as drawbacks. （ ） ① Although the patient is usually morose, she seemed happy today. ( ) ② Some students were inadvertently late for class while a few were purposely late. ( ) ③ The major points of your plan are clear to me, but the details are still hazy. ( ) ④ Even though he was usually a careful driver, he was arrested after yesterday’s party for reckless driving. ( ) ⑤ That woman confuses me; Sometimes she is so warm and friendly, and other times, she is very standoffish. ( ) 4. 推理線索(Inference Clues) 例： The soldiers were ordered to fire to the enemy. In this sentence, fire means . They lit a fire using only flint(火石) and wood. In this sentence, fire means . A. to let someone go from a job B. to shoot C. red-hot flames ① The workers gathered cane in the fields. Cane means . A. a stick used as support in walking B. sugar stalks C. to hit with a piece of wood D. to weave wood pieces, as in a chair ② The chair recognized each speaker at the meeting. Chair means . A. a piece of furniture B. to take one’s seat C. a leader D. to direct a session ③ Rice is considered a staple in many countries. Staple means . A. a basic food substance B. to fasten papers C. a metal clip used to attach items D. to supply with food 5. 經(jīng)歷線索（Experience Clues） 例：Dr Holmes tried to alleviate Marcia’s fear by explaining the operation. In this sentence, alleviate means . ① He was sitting on the front stoop waiting for the paper boy to arrive. A. a chief supporter B. a basement C. poster D. set of steps ② In the last Olympic Games, athletes rivaled each other for the gold medals. A. matched B. touched C. peted with D. equaled ③ People in position of leadership are predominantly men. A. wholly B. partly C. mainly D. minimally ④ Before we presented the play, we rehearsed for three weeks. A. repeated B. practiced C. performed D. recited ⑤ The innocent(無(wú)辜的) man denied that he had stolen the money. A. confessed B. refused C. declared untrue D. admitted 6. 因果線索 （Cause and Effect Clues） 例：The collision of the two cars caused a lot of damage to both. ( ) ① Sam was fired because he could not fulfill his work requirements. A. dismissed B. produced C. shot D. stimulated ② Thousands of products have been banned because government officials judged them to be dangerous. A. offered B. supported C. provided D. prohibited (禁止) ③ I noticed her blue eyes immediately. They were her most salient feature. A. good B. obvious C. important D. false 7. 實(shí)例線索 例：The remuneration for many jobs can vary greatly. For example, one can earn the minimum wage at Pizza Pub, $3.50 an hour at a department store, or $4.50 an hour at the Bargain Toy store. ( ) I e from the United States, but my ancestors came from Europe. My mother’s family came from England, and my father’s family came from Germany. A. mother and father B. forefathers (祖先) C. the United States D. England and Germany ② Tom must be very affluent. He wears expensive clothes and jewelry and owns a $1,750,000 house in Beverly Hills. A. poor B. wealthy C. hard-working D. lazy