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Unit 5 AWorldofWords Book3 FurtherListening Unit5AWorldofWords Andersen s LittleMermaid isaboutthedaughteroftheSeaKing andshemustwaittogetmarrieduntilheroldersistershavebeenmarried andshehasalotofoldersisters Whenit sfinallyherturn shegoestothe ofthesea rescuestheprincefrom andfallsinlove She snothuman however Infact shehasatail so theprinceseemsunlikely It thatinorderforthemermaidtobecomehuman theprincemustloveherwithallhisheartandmarryher andshemust herbeautifulmermaidvoiceinordertolosethetail The taledoesn tendthewayyoumightexpect Theprincedoesgetmarried buttoahumanprincess andthelittlemermaidbecomesa oneofthe daughtersoftheair asarewardforhergood asamermaid Listening3 surface drowning marriageto turnsout giveup fairy spirit deeds Listening1 AnswerKeys1 F He salsointerestedinfiction possiblythenovelsofIsabelAllende 2 T3 F Shesuggeststhathetalktotheprofessor 4 T5 F Shesaidtheprofessormentionedliterarycriticism Girl Haveyoudecidedwhatyourresearchpaperisgoingtobeabout Boy Notyet I minterestedinAkhmatova spoetry butIdon tknowmuchaboutit Girl Maybetheprofessorcanrecommendsomegoodsourcesofinformation Yesterdayshesaidwecouldgotoherofficeforhelpanytimetoday Boy ButI malsointerestedinfiction HaveyoureadanythingbyIsabelAllende Girl No Ihaven t She samodern daynovelist isn tshe Boy Sheis andshe sreallypopular Herbookshavebeentranslatedintoalotofdifferentlanguages includingEnglish Girl That sluckyforyousinceyoudon tspeakSpanish Tobecontinued Listening1 Boy Veryfunny Theproblemis Ihaven treadanyofherbookseither andIdon tthinkIhaveenoughtimebeforethepaperisdue Girl Didn ttheprofessorsaysomethingaboutbooksofliterarycriticism MaybeyoucanjustreadaboutAllende Boy I dstillhavetodoalotofreading Girl Well sure it saresearchpaper Boy IthinkI llgowiththepoet andIthinkI llgototheprofessor sofficenow Girl Goodideas NowIneedtodecideonmytopic Listening1 Listening2 MatsuiBash RobertBurns AnnaAkhmatova A Readthequestions Thenlistentothreetalksaboutthreepoetsandanswerthequestions Listening2 1 Whatishaiku 2 WhatmadeRobertBurnsaverypopularwriter 3 WhatdidmuchofAnnaAkhmatova swritingreflect Bash isfamousforhishaiku shortpoemswiththreelines RobertBurns humorandinsightsoneverydaylifemadehimaverypopularwriter AnnaAkhmatova swritingreflectedthedifficultiesthatRussiansfacedduringthetimeofJosephStalinandWorldWarII B Readthestatementsandanswerchoices Thenlistenagainandchoosethecorrectwordorphrasetocompleteeachstatement Listening2 1 isoftenthesubjectofahaiku a Emotionb Naturec Dailylife2 Thefirstlineofahaikuhas syllables a sevenb fivec three3 RobertBurns firstbook containedhisobservationsofthelivesof a richpeopleb poorpeoplec ordinarypeople Tobecontinued b a c Listening2 4 AnnaAkhmatovawasborninUkraine butspentmuchofherlifein a Scotlandb Russiac Armenia5 AnnaAkhmatovaisrememberedforher writingstyle a originalb humorousc straightforward B Readthestatementsandanswerchoices Thenlistenagainandchoosethecorrectwordorphrasetocompleteeachstatement b a Bash isfamousforhishaiku shortpoemswiththreelines Eachlineinahaikuhasasetnumberofsyllables seveninthefirstline fiveinthesecond andseveninthelastline Ahaikudoesnotneedtorhyme butitshouldcaptureamomentofone slife Natureisoftenthesubjectofahaiku butthemeaningcanbeasmuchabouthumanemotionastheexternalworld Bash smostfamousbook NarrowRoadtoaFarProvince waspublishedafteralongjourneyonfoot Listening2 RobertBurn sfirstbook Poems ChieflyintheScottishDialect waspublishedin1786 justoneyearafterthefirstofhis14childrenwasborn ThebookcontainedBurns observationofthelivesofordinarypeople Hewatchedthemdoingfarmwork goingtochurch andfallinginlove andhishumorandinsightsoneverydaylifemadehimaverypopularwriter RobertBurnsonlylivedtotheageof37 buthecontinuestohaveaninfluenceonwriterstoday AnnaAkhmatova poet translator andliterarycritic wasbornintheUkraine butspentmuchofherlifeinRussia Muchofherwritingwaspolitical andmanyofherpoems includingthewell knownRequiem reflectedthedifficultiesthatRussiansfacedduringthetimeofJosephStalinandWorldWarII FamilylifewasalsodifficultforAkhmatova whomarriedthreetimes andwhoseonechildwasraisedbygrandparents Akhmatovaisrememberedforheroriginalwritingstyleaswellasherideas AnalyticalListening Unit5AWorldofWords UnderstandingSidetracks Listentoaprofessor slectureandcheck theexpressionsfromtheboxthatyouhear BeforeListening Listening1 Tobecontinued UnderstandingSidetracks Listening1 Listening1 AnswerKeys A ListeningforMainIdeas Listentothelectureagainandcirclethetopicsintheleft handcolumnofthechartthatarediscussedinthelecture ALecture Listening Listening1 Listening1 AnswerKeys ExampleAnswers Listening1 C ListeningforDetails Listenagainandtaketheprofessor squizusingyournotesfromexerciseB Thencompareyournotesandquizanswerswithapartner s Tobecontinued Quiz1 Theshorthaikuformcamefromthe verseofhaikaipoems a firstb secondc third2 wasnotanimportantinfluenceinBash searlylife a Shakespeareb Chinesepoetryc Taoism3 Shakespeare spoemscanbecomparedto a haikub haikaic haibun Listening1 a a b C ListeningforDetails 4 Bash sjourneytookhim ofEdo a southb westc north5 Bash isnotrememberedforhisinsightsinto a natureb educationc death Listening1 c b Welcomeback everyone Areyouallreadyfortheessayexamnextweek OK nocomment Iguess Well today s today slectureonthepoetBash couldbeabighelptoyou Aswediscussedlasttime Bash isknowntodayforhishaiku Butdidyouknowthathaikucamefromanearlierformofpoetrycalledhaikai That swhatBash waswritingintheearlypartofhiscareer Now wedon tknowalotaboutBash searlylife butwedoknowhestudiedpoetrywithafamouspoetinKyoto WealsoknowthatChinesepoetryandtheprinciplesofTaoismhadtheirinfluenceonBash Asanaside mywifeandIspentseveralweeksinJapanrightafter rightafterwegotmarried andwewenttotheareawhereBash wasborn Tobecontinued Listening1 WegottoseetheUenoCastle anamazing amazingplace ItwasbuiltbeforeBash wasborn soit ssomethinghewouldhaveseen too It itgave itgavemesomerealinsightsinto17thcenturyJapan Butgettingbacktoourtopic haikaipoemsaregroupsofverses versesorparagraphs youcouldsay alllinkedtogether TheyweremorelikethepoemsofShakespeare forexample fairlylong theywerefairlylongandwithasetformula orstructure Theshorthaikuformdevelopedfromthe fromthefirstverseofthehaikai andBash hadenoughhaikupublishedtogetprettyfamous HesoonhadhisownwritingschoolinEdo nowcalledOldTokyo andthatbecameknownastheBash School Tobecontinued Listening1 Thatremindsme Bash wasnotthepoet sfamilyname HegotthenameBash froma fromaspeciesofbananatreethatwasplantednearhishouse OK gettingbacktowhatIwassaying thehaikudevelopedfromthelongerhaikai butBash smostfamousbooksarenotcollectionsofhaiku They rea they reinaformcalledhaibun whichisahaikufollowedbyprose Thebooksarekindoflikecollectionsofessays eachessaybeginningwithahaiku Bash wrotethesebooks hewrotethesebookswhilehewastraveling andhedidalotoftraveling In1689 Bash walkedforfivemonthsthroughthevillagesandmountainsnorthofEdoandalongthecoastoftheSeaofJapan Tobecontinued Listening1 Duringthisjourney Bash producedhismasterwork NarrowRoadtoaFarProvince ThemodernpoetMiyazawaKenjisaidthisaboutthebook ItwasasiftheverysoulofJapanhadwrittenit Thebookisacollectionofhaibun andBash swritingreflectstheeverydayproblemsoftravel likelyingawakeatnight lyingawakeatnightinabedfulloffleas withahorsemakingnoiseoutside Honestly that swhathewroteabout Butthebookisalsofullofinsightsintonature life anddeath prettybigthemes Heisabletoturnhisobservationsontheoutsideworld ontheexternalworldintoveryinsightfulcommentsondeepersubjects Listening1 Listening2 contemporaryn 同時代的人 同輩viceversa反過來也是如此 反之亦然sonnetn 十四行詩 AClassDiscussionSessionA ListeningforMainIdeas ListentoadiscussionsessionwiththeprofessorfromListening1oftheAnalyticalListeningsectionandtakebriefnotesonthequestion s eachstudentaskstheprofessor Listening Listening2 Student1 Woulditbecorrect accuratetosaythathaibunisbothpoetryandprose DidBash inventthehaibun A ListeningforMainIdeas Listening2 Student2 Student3 YoumentionedthatanolderformofJapanesepoetrycalledhaikaiwassimilartoShakespeare spoetry Couldyouexplainthat Howaretheysimilar WhatdoesBash shaikumean Likeafrogjumpsintothewater B ListeningforDetails Listenagainandtakebriefnotesontheprofessor sanswers Listening2 AnswerKeys Listening2 Professor OK Well thisisourlastdiscussionsessionbeforetheexam so awordtothewise nowisthetimeforyoutoaskyourquestionsaboutBash You llremember you llrememberthatinmylastlecture ItoldyoualittleaboutBash slife andalsoabouttheformsofpoetryandprosethathewrote Student1 Ihaveaquestion Professor Great Student1 Youmentionedaformof um writingcalledhaibun Woulditbecorrect woulditbeaccuratetosaythathaibunisbothpoetryandprose Professor Yes that scorrect c Tobecontinued Listening2 Student1 So didhe didBash inventthehaibun Professor Hedidn tinventit buthewasoneofthefirstwriterstousetheform andhewrotealotofhaibun Eventually Bash gainedareputationasarealmasterofhaibun OK otherquestions Student2 Yes Iwas Iwaswondering youmentionedthatanolderformofJapanesepoetrycalledhaikaiwassimilartoShakespeare spoetry Couldyouexplainthat Professor Sure I mgladyouaskedaboutthat Ididn twanttoconfuseanyone becauseeventhoughShakespearewasacontemporaryoftheearlyJapanesepoetswhowrotehaikai theydidn thaveany theydidn thaveanyinfluenceoneachother Inotherwords theJapanesepoetswerenotreadingShakespeare spoems orviceversa Tobecontinued Listening2 Student2 So howaretheysimilar Professor Thehaikaiwerelongerpoems andtheyfollowedaveryspecificformula Eachversehadacertainnumberoflines andtherewasasetnumberofversesineachpoem Asanaside thehaikaicamefromapreviousformcalledrenga Thatwasreallyformalpoetry whereashaikai haikaiwereforthecommonpeopletoread Butgettingbacktoourtopic Shakespeare ssonnetswerealsofairlylongpoemswithasetnumberofversesandlines Student3 CanI canIaskaquestion Professor Absolutely That swhatwe reherefor Student3 Well IhavetoadmitthatIdon treallyget Idon treallyunderstandBash shaiku Imean so afrogjumpsintothewater and Tobecontinued Listening2 Professor That sagoodquestion andittakesusbacktoBash sinfluences Remember hereadalotofChinesepoetry andhelearnedaboutTaoism Hethoughtthatnaturehadlessonstoteachusifwesatquietly ifwejustsatquietlyandlistened HealsostudiedZenBuddhism Hewasadeepthinker andforhim thehaikureflectedthetruththatcanbefoundinnature Doesthathelp Student3 Well maybeit sbecauseI mnotJapanese Professor Thatcouldbe Bash shaikuarewelllovedinJapan JustabouteverypersonImetthereknowsatleastoneBash haiku Listening2 ViewingtheWorld Unit5AWorldofWords HistoryWritteninClay B UsingaDictionary Youwillhearthesewordsandphrasesinthevideo Writeeachwordorphraseintheboxnexttoitsdefinition Useyourdictionarytohelpyou BeforeViewing tabletcanalsymboltransactionversatilemillenniumcode 1 n along narrow man madestretchofwater2 n ashapeordesignthatrepresentanidea3 n asetofwrittenrulesorlaws4 n aflatpieceofstoneormetalwithwordscutintoit5 n anactofbuyingorsellingsomething6 a havingmanydifferentuses7 n aperiodof1 000years canal symbol code tablet transaction versatile millennium Tobecontinued 1 MuchofourknowledgeofMesopotamiahascomefromtheruinsofitsancientcitiesandfromthewritteninformationfoundon a carvedstonesb claytablets2 SincetheSumeriansdidn tneedtotraveltofindfood theywereabletobuildthefirsttrue paniesb cities WhileViewing WhileViewing A Readthestatementsandanswerchoices Thenwatchthevideoandchoosethecorrectwordorphrasetocompleteeachstatement b b 3 Althoughstoriesaretoldaboutthe thosestoriescanchangeasthey repasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration a pastb people4 Thenewwritten turnedouttobeversatile andsoonwritingwasusedinotherways a codeb books WhileViewing a a B Note Taking Readthepartialnotesbelow Thenwatchthevideoagainandcompletethenotes WhileViewing B Note Taking WhileViewing SummariesA Writing recordedhistorybegan yearsagoB Agriculturallifestyle Built tocarrywaterfromTigrisandEuphratesriversC Complexsociety Neededtorecordtradeofanimals 1 Inventedcuneiformwritinga First languageb Firstwaytoreliablyrecord 2 Firstmajor workknowntoWesterncivilization theEpicofGilgamesh Tobecontinued 5 000 canals food written history literary B Note Taking WhileViewing Babylonians1 Awonderoftheancientworld gardens2 Kingcreatedcollectionoflaws Hammurabi s hanging code Humanbeingshavebeenaroundfortensofthousandsofyears Butmanyancientpeopleleftverylittlebehindwhentheydied Thefirsttruecivilizations societieswithcomplexeconomiesandadvancedlevelsofcultureandscience developedinMesopotamia betweentheTigrisandEuphratesriversinwhatisnowIraq Muchofourknowledgeofthisregion shistoryhascomefromtheruinsofitsancientcitiesandfromthewritteninformationfoundonclaytablets Writing andrecordedhistory beganmorethan5 000yearsagowithagroupofpeoplecalledtheSumerians Theyhadanagriculturallifestyle andtheybuiltcanalsfromtheTigrisandEuphratesriverstosupplywatertotheircrops SincetheSumeriansdidn tneedtotraveltofindfood theywereabletobuildthefirsttruecitiesintheworld includingNinevehandUr Thesecitieshad Tobecontinued brickbuildings andtemplesattheircenters Thetemplecomplexoftenincludedatreasury storageforgrain andsectionsforpriests officials entertainers andcraftsmen Thisimpressiveziggurat ortower stillrisesupfromtheruins Associetybecamemorecomplex peopleneededtoolsforrecordingthetradeofanimalsandfood Usingclaytablets earlyMesopotamiansdevelopedcuneiform Bycarvingsymbolsintothesoftclay theycouldkeeptransactionrecordsofgoodssuchassheepandgrain Cuneiformwasthefirstwrittenlanguage andthefirstformatforreliablyrecordinghistory Althoughstoriesaretoldaboutthepast thosestoriescanchangeasthey repasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration soineffect thelinethatdivides history from prehistory iswriting Tobecontinued Thenewwrittencodeturnedouttobeversatile andsoonwritingwasusedinotherways SumerianscribeswrotethefirstmajorliteraryworkknowntoWesterncivilization theEpicofGilgamesh Itwasthestoryofakingwhowantedtoliveforever Perhapsthebest knownofMesopotamia scivilizationswasBabylon DuringthesecondmillenniumB C itbecamethecenterofakingdomthatstretchedacrosssouthernIraqandbeyond Itshanginggardenswerefamousasawonderoftheancientworld anditsking Hammurabi createdaremarkablecollectionoflaws writtenonclaytabletsandinstone Theselaws calledHammurabi sCode definedthelimitsofprivateproperty aswellaslegaldecisionsforcrimesandfamilydisputes Tobecontinued AlthoughMesopotamiawaseventuallylosttothesandsoftime itspeopleleftalegacyoflaw literature andengineeringformoderncivilizationstobuildon ThankYou