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Multi-disciplinary hypothesized prototype modeling and simulation technologyAuthor: PRC technical department article origin: MSC.SoftwareThis article embarked from the current product design process to the multi-disciplinary union simulation demand, has analyzed the product coordination design to the simulation technology three levels function demands, and drew out currently realizes the multi-disciplinary integrated simulation general method. The multi-disciplinary union simulation needs to control, the organization, the finite element and so on the different simulation environment integration and the data exchange, MSC.Software provided most systematic and the integrity multi-disciplinary coordination simulation development environment, this article in detail introduced MSC. The Software multi-disciplinary hypothesized prototype modeling and the simulation solution, and has produced the concrete example.1.multi-disciplinary unions simulations demandIt is well known, the modern product research and development flow is the multi- people team, the multi-disciplinary domain coordination design process. In product performance history, regardless of is the plan principle design, the part level detailed parameter specification design, all involves to many different subsystems and the related discipline domain, these subsystems all have the oneself specific function and the unique design method, but between various subsystems then has the cross-coupling function, composes the integrity together the functional system.Chart 1 the modern product process involves many subsystems and the related discipline domainHow does the effective coordinated each subsystem design team's work, let between the team achieve information sharing, helps supply each other, and guarantees the subsystem the design quality and the overall performance, the realization product design true integration harmonious cooperation assimilation, thus the enhancement rated capacity, saves the design cost, reduces the development cycle, this is an extremely important question.In order to achieve the above goal, we must satisfy following three levels the demand:First, has various subsystems and various disciplines domain effective integration simulation tool, thus guarantees various subsystems the design standard and the reliability:Chart 2 various disciplines domain different design toolSecond, can realize between various simulations tool seamless integration and the data exchange, realizes the model conformity under the unification overhead construction;Third, in order to can coordinate and manage each design team, as well as mass data which produces in the design process, realization resources optimization disposition, but also must have the simulation data and the flow management platform, realizes various disciplines domain true coordination to imitate.2. multi-disciplinary coordination simulations general realization methodAt present more general and the popular realization multi-disciplinary integration simulation method mainly includes following three kinds:2.1 unions simulations type (Co-Simulation)The union simulation type is at present is general, also uses most one data exchange way, its data exchange principle like chart 3 shows, between two different simulations tools passes TCP/Way realization data exchange and transfer and so on TCP/IP.Chart 3 union simulation -like basic principleAfter between two different simulations tools through the union simulation way establishment connection, one contains the model may the result which calculates own transmit as the system input instruction for the model which another one establishes, this kind of instruction including the strength, the moment of force, the actuation and so on the typical signal, latter model the response quantity which produces in under this instruction function, like displacement, speed, acceleration and so on, also may feed back gives former the model, like this, the model information and the simulation data may in two between directional transmissions.The union simulation way model application includes: Poly some dynamics and control system (for example vehicle control), structure and air operated load (for example aeronautical dynamics analysis), and so on. This is one kind is easiest to establish and the realization integrated simulation way, has very strong general, but limits lies in processes the rigid system with difficulty, takes many to the system resources, certain situation possible speeds to be slow.2.2 models transformations type (Model Transfer)Model transformation -like principle like chart 4 shows. Its main principle is transforms tool model for the specific form contains the model information the data file, for another tool in model transfer, thus realization information interactive. The typical data format like used in just shooting the coupling analysis the modality neutral document (*.mnf), contained in this document uses [ M ], [ K ], [ x ] the resonance oscillation matrix representation information; Uses in the control mechanism integration simulation as well as other simulations dynamic link storehouse documents (*.dll), in this document contains uses the variable expression the function information.Chart 4 model transformation -like basic principleThe model transformation -like model application includes: The control, the battery solution and the organization integration simulation (for example airplane control surface), the finite element and the poly some organization (for example just shot coupling mechanical system), and so on. This way characteristic lies in the solution speed quickly, takes few to the system resources, the stability is good, after and the model establishment is advantageous for the repetition use, but limits then lies in needs to define the specific data format the document, the versatility misses slightly.2.3 solutions integrations type (Solver Convergence)The solution integration -like basic principle realizes between two different tools solution code integrations, thus realizes in an among simulation environment to another simulation tool solution transfer, like chart 5 shows.Chart 5 solution integration -like basic principleThe solution integration -like model application includes: Has material non-linear problem the and so on the flexure large-scale structural model, has flows solid geometry non-linear problem the and so on the coupling, impact large-scale structure question, and so on. This way superiority lies in may facilitate the effective utilization many kinds of disciplines domain the solution technology, is advantageous for the user to use the existing model directly, but limits lies in the model certain factor like unit types, the function form and so on in certain situations needs to define, at the same time the software development and the promotion cycle is long.3. MSC.Software multi-disciplinary coordination simulation solutionIn view of multi-disciplinary coordination simulation three levels demands, MSC.Software provides current is most systematic and the integrity solution.First, MSC.Software provides integrated VPD modeling simulation environment MSC.SimOffice. MSC.SimOffice contains the one whole set comprehensive VPD tool to use in simulation system each kind of performance, thus highly effective establishment various subsystems model, appraisal system performance.Chart 6 integrates VPD simulation environment MSC.SimOfficeNext, MSC.Between the SimOffice various members has the seamless integrated ability, may realize the data exchange and the model conformity, Establishment integrity integrated hypothesized prototype; MSC.SimOffice has the glorious development history, its members all are respective domain reside in the leading status the simulation tool, passed the massive engineering project examination, the knowledge and the experience unceasing accumulation, has the greatly strengthened reliability and the stability. At present MSC.Between the SimOffice various members may facilitate through the different way realization model data alternately, the solution conformity and the computation process coordination, at the same time MSC positive development work, MSC.SimOffice various members transplant and conformity to unified overhead construction under, in order to the user may complete all analyses work under the unified contact surface environment.Chart 7 MSC.SimOffice realizes the complete function hypothesized prototypeOnce more, MSC.SimManager is the formidable simulation flow and the data management platform, provides the coordination and the management for the enterprise designs the personnel, the simulation tool, the model data unified overhead construction, the realization resources optimization disposes and combines, enhances the product development efficiency.3.1 MSC.SimOffice integration simulation wayAccording to realizes the integrated simulation three general methods respective superiority and the characteristic, unifies various simulations tool own characteristic and the use, MSC.Between SimOffice member through different way realization conformity.3.1.1 MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS integration wayAt present MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS two between integration more and more close, the integrated way more and more is also rich. MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS may through the union simulation type, the model transformation type and the solution integration type three ways carries on the coordination simulation.* Union simulation type- By MSC.EASY5 and MSC.ADAMS solution solution respective model;- Step-by-steps the good data communication in the hypothesis time.* The model transformation type (control system inducts)-MSC.EASY5 establishes the control and the multi-disciplinary system induct MSC.ADAMS;- MSC. The EASY5 model took a set of GSE equation joins to MSC.ADAMS (dll dynamic link storehouse form introduction);- MSC.ADAMS solution integral computation all models;- In MSC. In ADAMS carries on the appraisal to the control system performance, selects this method, may study the entire model in the control system initialization parameter situation the performance, carries on the unification the experimental design and the parameter optimization.* Solution integration type- MSC.ADAMS C++ solution integration in MSC. In EASY5, MSC. The EASY5 user may transfer MSC. Directly The ADAMS C++ solution calculates MSC.EASY5 model;- In MSC. In EASY5 modeling and simulation;- MSC.EASY5 can transfer directly in the backstage and move MSC.ADAMS C++ solution;- When simulation conclusion can automatically open MSC. The ADAMS post-processing examines the simulation result.Chart 8 MSC.ADAMS and MSC.EASY5 realizes the integration of machinery simulation3.1.2 MSC.ADAMS, MSC.Nastran, MSC.Fatigue integration wayThese three between mainly carries on the integration through the model transformation way.* By MSC. Nastran carries on the finite element analysis to the part, the production includes the modality information the mnf document;* Inducts the mnf document MSC. In ADAMS, foundation hard and soft coupling model;* By MSC.ADAMS carries on dynamics analysis to the organization;* MSC. The ADAMS analysis obtains the load and the displacement equilateral condition may change over to MSC. Nastran carries on detailed analysis and so on stress, vibration, noise;* MSC. The ADAMS analysis obtains the load time course information may changes over to MSC. through DAC or the RPC III form document In Fatigue carries on the weary analysis.Chart 9 MSC.ADAMS and MSC.Nastran integration3.1.3 MSC.Nastran, MSC.Marc, MSC.Dytran integration wayThese three mainly through solution integration way realization conformity.* MSC.Nastran + hides type non-linear SOL600 (MSC.Marc);* MSC.Nastran + explicit non-linear SOL700 (LS-DYNA);* Processes under the overhead construction in unified around to carry on the computation solution;* In MSC.In Nastran integrated MSC. completely Marc and LS-DYNA non-linear function;* Enormously expanded MSC.Nastran simulation scope and application domain.Chart 10 MSC.Nastran explicit non-linear solution SOL7003.1.4 MSC.EASY5 and MSC.Nastran direct integrationAt present MSC.EASY5 and MSC.Nastran may through the model transformation way realization direct integration, thus permits in MSC.In EASY5 introduces the elastomer structure data, the solution control and the structure coupling question.Chart 11 MSC.EASY5 and MSC.Nastran direct integration3.2 MSC.SimOffice coordination simulation model application wayBy front article obviously, MSC.Between the SimOffice member may through the good integrated ability realization complex product integrated development. Contained the control, the structure, the organization movement as well as the weary analysis in and so on in the multi-disciplinary multi- subsystems product development flow, we might pass MSC. in ahead of time the stage The EASY5 establishment including the control system and the multi-disciplinary dynamic system principle model, passes MSC.Nastran/Marc/Dytran carries on the finite element analysis to the part, then MSC.EASY5 establishment control system model and MSC.The Nastran analysis elastomer model inducts MSC.In ADAMS, establishes the integration of machinery the function hypothesized prototype, passes MSC.ADAMS analysis product movement situation, appraisal product performance. In MSC.In the ADAMS analysis process produces the load time course document, also may further induct to MSC.In Fatigue, carries on the detailed weary analysis. In MSC.In SimOffice may complete the entire product the development flow.Chart 12 MSC.SimOffice realization product integrity development flow3.3 MSC.SimOffice future overhead constructionAt present MSC.Software Corporation positive development work, MSC.The SimOffice various members transplant and the conformity to the unified overhead construction in, realize the more convenient coordination simulation under the identical contact surface environment.Chart 13 MSC.SimOffice future overhead constructionMSC.SimManager establishment coordination simulation platformIn the multi- teams, the multi- subsystems, in the multi-disciplinary domain product performance history, only has various subsystems and various disciplines domain development kit, and realized each development kit integration still not to be able to achieve the complete coordination design, because in the performance history, involved to the different development personnel, the massive data and the information, as well as various subsystems different design flow. For the effective administrative personnel, the data and the design flow, cause the performance history realization true coordination, we also must have the simulation to manage the platform.MSC.SimManager is the current most formidable simulation data and the flow management system management system, for based on the IE gateway type management system, helps to manage the multi-disciplinary union simulation the multitudinous simulation tool, the flow and the data, carries on each kind of analysis under the unified platform, enterprise's analysis staff and the resources optimization disposition, establishes the true coordination simulation platform.Chart 14 MSC.SimManager establishment coordination simulation platform4. multi-disciplinary hypothesized prototypes development exampleBelow the example produces in the development flight control system aileron hydraulic pressure does moves the subsystem in the process, MSC. How joint operation is the SimOffice member, completes the overall system the integrated development duty. In the performance history, various simulations tool, the data and the development flow management passes MSC.SimManager realization.The traditional flight control system development mainly relies on “the airplane“ the experiment, this experiment usually applies in the system synthesis as well as the function test. On must carry on the massive different types in “the mockup“ the physical testing, by guarantees the design the accuracy. If considered merely the airplane aileron operates the response to the pilot the speech, “airplane“ experiment quite ideal.But “the airplane“ experiments the biggest shortcoming to lie in, it the airplane consideration is the rigid body, moreover cannot include the aerodynamics the factor, the integrity flight load (is merely a load) as well as the elastomer influence. These factors regarding the design influence are quite big in fact.Moreover, if total dependence “airplane“ experiment, then brings the development cycle and the cost all are cannot be accepted.With the aid of in MSC.The Software VPD technology, establishes 功能化 the numeral airplane, may in the simulation above consider completely the key aspect influence, at the same time may reduce the physical prototype the trial manufacturing and the experiment, saves the development cost, reduces the development cycle.Chart 15 MSC.SimOffice realizes the complete system simulationComplete development flow as follows:Chart 16 integrity development flow多學科系統(tǒng)級虛擬樣機建模與仿真技術作者：PRC 技術部 文章來源：MSC.Software本文從當前產(chǎn)品設計過程對多學科聯(lián)合仿真的需求出發(fā)，分析了產(chǎn)品協(xié)同設計對仿真技術三個層次的功能需求，并引出當前實現(xiàn)多學科集成仿真的一般方法。多學科聯(lián)合仿真需要控制、機構、有限元等不同仿真環(huán)境的集成和數(shù)據(jù)交換，MSC.Software 提供最為系統(tǒng)和完整的多學科協(xié)同仿真開發(fā)環(huán)境，本文詳細介紹了 MSC.Software 多學科系統(tǒng)級虛擬樣機建模和仿真的解決方案，并給出了具體的實例。1．多學科聯(lián)合仿真的需求眾所周知，現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品的研發(fā)流程是多人團隊、多學科領域的協(xié)同設計過程。在產(chǎn)品開發(fā)過程中，無論是系統(tǒng)級的方案原理設計，還是部件級的詳細參數(shù)規(guī)格設計，都涉及到多個不同的子系統(tǒng)和相關學科領域，這些子系統(tǒng)都有自己特定的功能和獨特的設計方法，而各子系統(tǒng)之間則具有交互耦合作用，共同組成完整的功能系統(tǒng)。圖 1 現(xiàn)代產(chǎn)品過程涉及多個子系統(tǒng)和相關學科領域如何有效的協(xié)調(diào)各個子系統(tǒng)設計團隊的工作，讓團隊之間達到信息共享、互通有無，并保證子系統(tǒng)的設計質(zhì)量和整體性能，實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)品設計真正的一體化和協(xié)同化，從而提高設計效率，節(jié)省設計成本，縮短開發(fā)周期，這是一個非常重要的問題。為了達到上述目標，我們必須滿足以下三個層次的需求：第一，具備各子系統(tǒng)和各學科領域有效的集成仿真工具，從而保證各子系統(tǒng)的設計水準和可靠性；圖 2 各學科領域的不同設計工具第二，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)各仿真工具之間的無縫集成和數(shù)據(jù)交換，在統(tǒng)一架構下實現(xiàn)模型整合；第三，為了能夠協(xié)調(diào)和管理各設計團隊，以及在設計過程中產(chǎn)生的大量數(shù)據(jù)，實現(xiàn)資源優(yōu)化配置，還必須具有仿真數(shù)據(jù)和流程的管理平臺，實現(xiàn)各學科領域的真正協(xié)同仿真。2．多學科協(xié)同仿真的一般實現(xiàn)方法目前較為通用和流行的實現(xiàn)多學科集成仿真的方法主要包括以下三種：2.1 聯(lián)合仿真式（Co-Simulation）聯(lián)合仿真式是目前較為通用，也是使用最多的一種數(shù)據(jù)交換方式，其數(shù)據(jù)交換原理如圖 3 所示，兩個不同仿真工具之間通過 TCP/IP 等方式實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換和調(diào)用。圖 3 聯(lián)合仿真式的基本原理當兩個不同仿真工具之間通過聯(lián)合仿真方式建立連接后，其中一者所包含的模型可以將自己計算的結果作為系統(tǒng)輸入指令傳遞給另一者所建立的模型，這種指令包括力、力矩、驅(qū)動等典型信號，后者的模型在該指令的作用下所產(chǎn)生的響應量，如位移、速度、加速度等，又可以反饋給前者的模型，這樣，模型信息和仿真數(shù)據(jù)就可以在兩者之間雙向傳遞。聯(lián)合仿真方式的典型應用有：多體動力學與控制系統(tǒng)（如車輛控制）、結構與氣動載荷（如飛行動力學分析），等等。這是一種最為容易建立和實現(xiàn)的集成仿真方式，具有很強的普適性，但局限在于難以處理剛性系統(tǒng)，對系統(tǒng)資源占用較多，某些情況可能速度較慢。2.2 模型轉換式（Model Transfer）模型轉換式的原理如圖 4 所示。其主要原理是將其中一個工具的模型轉化為特定格式的包含模型信息的數(shù)據(jù)文件，供另一個工具中的模型調(diào)用，從而實現(xiàn)信息交互。典型的數(shù)據(jù)格式如用于剛彈耦合分析的模態(tài)中性文件（mnf），在該文件中包含采用[M]、[K]、[x]和振型矩陣表示的彈性體信息；用于控制機構一體化仿真以及其它仿真的動態(tài)鏈接庫文件（dll），該文件中包含采用變量表示的函數(shù)信息。 圖 4 模型轉化式的基本原理模型轉化式的典型應用有：控制、電液與機構一體化仿真（如飛機操縱面），有限元與多體機構（如剛彈耦合機械系統(tǒng)），等等。這種方式的特點在于求解速度快，對系統(tǒng)資源占用較少，穩(wěn)定性好，并且模型建立后便于重復使用，而局限則在于需要定義特定數(shù)據(jù)格式的文件，通用性稍差。2.3 求解器集成式（Solver Convergence）求解器集成式的基本原理是實現(xiàn)兩個不同工具之間的求解器代碼集成，從而實現(xiàn)在其中一個仿真環(huán)境中對另一個仿真工具的求解器調(diào)用，如圖 5 所示。圖 5 求解器集成式的基本原理求解器集成式的典型應用有：帶有屈曲等材料非線性問題的大型結構模型，帶有流固耦合、沖擊等幾何非線性問題的大型結構問題，等等。這種方式的優(yōu)勢在于可以方便有效的運用多種學科領域的求解技術，便于用戶直接使用現(xiàn)有模型，而局限在于模型中的某些因素如單元類型、函數(shù)形式等某些情況下需要重新定義，同時軟件的開發(fā)和升級周期較長。3．MSC.Software 多學科協(xié)同仿真解決方案針對多學科協(xié)同仿真三個層次的需求，MSC.Software 提供當前最為系統(tǒng)和完整的解決方案。首先，MSC.Software 提供集成的 VPD 建模仿真環(huán)境MSC.SimOffice。MSC.SimOffice 包含一整套全面的 VPD 工具用于仿真系統(tǒng)的各種性能，從而高效的建立各子系統(tǒng)的模型，評價系統(tǒng)性能。圖 6 集成 VPD 仿真環(huán)境 MSC.SimOffice其次，MSC.SimOffice 各成員之間均具有無縫集成能力，可以實現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換和模型整合,建立完整的一體化虛擬樣機；MSC.SimOffice 具有悠久的開發(fā)歷史，其成員都是各自領域居于領先地位的仿真工具，通過了大量工程項目的檢驗，知識和經(jīng)驗的不斷積累，具有極強的可靠性與穩(wěn)定性。目前MSC.SimOffice 各成員之間可以方便的通過不同方式實現(xiàn)模型數(shù)據(jù)交互、求解器整合和計算過程協(xié)同，同時 MSC 正在積極的開展工作，將 MSC.SimOffice 各成員移植和整合到統(tǒng)一的架構之下，以便用戶可以在統(tǒng)一的界面環(huán)境下完成所有分析工作。圖 7 MSC.SimOffice 實現(xiàn)完整功能虛擬樣機再次，MSC.SimManager 是強大的仿真流程與數(shù)據(jù)管理平臺，為企業(yè)提供協(xié)調(diào)和管理設計人員、仿真工具，模型數(shù)據(jù)的統(tǒng)一架構，實現(xiàn)資源的優(yōu)化配置和組合，提高產(chǎn)品開發(fā)效率。3.1 MSC.SimOffice 集成仿真方式根據(jù)實現(xiàn)集成仿真的三種通用方法各自的優(yōu)勢和特點，結合各仿真工具自身的特點和用途，MSC.SimOffice 成員間通過不同的方式實現(xiàn)整合。3.1.1 MSC.EASY5 與 MSC.ADAMS 集成方式目前 MSC.EASY5 與 MSC.ADAMS 兩者之間的集成越來越緊密，集成的方式也越來越豐富。MSC.EASY5 與 MSC.ADAMS 可以通過聯(lián)合仿真式、模型轉換式和求解器集成式三種方式進行協(xié)同仿真。* 聯(lián)合仿真式－由 MSC.EASY5 和 MSC.ADAMS 求解器求解各自的模型；－在設定時間步進行數(shù)據(jù)通信。* 模型轉換式（控制系統(tǒng)導入）－將 MSC.EASY5 所建立的控制與多學科系統(tǒng)導入 MSC.ADAMS；－MSC.EASY5 模型作為一套 GSE 方程加入到 MSC.ADAMS（dll 動態(tài)鏈接庫形式引入）；－MSC.ADAMS 求解器積分計算所有的模型；－在 MSC.ADAMS 中對控制系統(tǒng)性能進行評估，采用此種方式，可以在控制系統(tǒng)預置參數(shù)的情況下研究整個模型的性能，進行統(tǒng)一的試驗設計和參數(shù)優(yōu)化。* 求解器集成式－MSC.ADAMS C++求解器集成于 MSC.EASY5 中，MSC.EASY5 用戶可以直接調(diào)用 MSC.ADAMS 的 C+