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英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯翻譯原文題目：I Reading A The Fine Blanking TechnologyIntroductionFine blanking is a sheet metal machining technology. It allows manufacturing ready-to-use functional components thanks to high-precision, perfectly and smoothly cut surfaces.The process is based on the combination of triple-acting presses, special materials and dies. This offers several advantages, such as low flatness values, hardening of blanked surfaces and high angular precision.Furthermore, this technology allows blanking of very thick (1 to 15 mm) metals, bending, sizing, drawing and shaping of other three-dimensional geometric forms as well as other complex profiles, with high accuracy.This technology can therefore be applied to many fields, where there is a need to mass-produce high-performance metal components.HistoryIn the early 1923, the fine blanking technology was invented by Mr. Schiess in Germany. However, this technology was purely and secretly applied in Watch industry at that time. Until the 1950, the fine blanking press was produced and the technology had been published. In the earlier 1960, the application of the technology was extended from the watch industry to the light industries; also from Western countries to Eastern countries. From the 1970, this technology had been widely applied from Light industries to Heavy industries. In 1980, there were over 2800 sets of the Fine-Blanking Presses in the world.PrincipleCompared with the fine blanking, the clearance between the punch and the die is larger in the Conventional Stamping as shown in Figure 4-1. In addition, there are no veering force and counter force. As a result, the components produced by the Conventional Stamping are found to have about 1/3 shearing edge and their shape is bowed whilst those produced by the fine blanking are found to have 100% shearing edge, flat shape and accurate dimensions. Furthermore, in applying the Fine-Blanking Technology, the clearance between the punch and the die is much smaller, as shown in Figure 4-2, together with the imposed veering and counter forces.triPunch ForceFigure 4-3Conventional PunchingFine blanking is easier to understand if you also understand what takes place during conventional metal punching.The first thing to remember is that all metals have a particular elastic behavior. During conventional punching, the metal deforms upon initial punch contact. Figure 4-3 shows the first step in piercing or cutting a hole in a piece of sheet metal.When the punch makes contact with the sheet, the metal begins to deform and bulge around the point of the punch. As the yield strength of the part material is exceeded by the downward force of the press, the point of the punch begins to penetrate the metal's surface.AdvantagesBy applying the fine blanking technology, the significant improvement of the component should be obvious. As the components are with good shape, smooth surface and precise size, they can be ready for assembly without any further secondary operations. The productivity is increased, the production cycle time and Figure 4-4 Hydraulic Press Figure 4-5 Tools and Diethe component cost are significantly reduced.EquipmentUsing the fine blanked presses with the special construction die, fine blanked products can be produced effectively, as shown in Figure 4 and 5.ApplicationThe fine blanking has been used in the automotive industry such as door locks, gear boxes, reclining seat adjusters, etc. Furthermore, the fine blanking can also be applied to electronic and electrical industry.Fine blanking is not for you if you don’s need to stamp to tight tolerances, don’s require smooth surfaces and don’s perform extensive secondary operations. It also should be noted that stroke rates do not approach those of conventional stamping presses. But if you need tight tolerances and tire of time- and cash-consuming secondary operations, then fine blanking is definitely worth a look.NotesIt allows manufacturing ready-to-use functional components thanks to high-precision, perfectly and smoothly cut surfaces.句子中的 thanks to 是一個(gè)副詞短語，可譯成“由于”；全文可譯為：由于能夠完美自如，且高精度地切割表面，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以制造出隨時(shí)可以使用的功能性零部件。Fine blanking is not for you if you don't need to stamp to tight tolerances, don't require smooth surfaces and don’t perform extensive secondary operations.本句中“don’t need to.，don’t require.和 don’t perform.”為并列結(jié)構(gòu)；全文可譯為：如果您不需要沖壓實(shí)現(xiàn)緊密公差、不需要光滑的表面以及不需要執(zhí)行廣泛的二次操作，那就無需精沖了。New wordsfunctional ['fAf]kJanl] adj.功 能 的component [kam’paunant] n.零 件high-precision [haipr「si3an]n.髙精度，高精密度fine [fain] a.精 密 的blank [blaeqk] v.沖 裁die[dai]n.模具，凹模machine [m9’J“i:n] v.力口工manufacture [?maenju'faektj a] v.制造ready-to-use [Yeditu: ju:s] a?隨時(shí)可以使用的functional ['fAi]kJanl] a.功 能 的component [kam’paunant] n? 零 部 件precision [pri’si3an] n.精 度cut [kAt] v.切 割surface [’sa:fis] n.表 面combination [.kombi'neij an] n.組 合press [pres] n.flatness ['flaetnis] n.水 平hardening [.ha:danir]] n.硬 化angular ['aer]gjula] a? 角 的bend [bend] v.彎 曲size [saiz] v.精 壓draw [dro:] v.拉 伸shape [Jeip] v.成 形 ’翻譯正文：精沖工藝介紹精沖是一種板料加工技術(shù)。高精密、完美、平滑的切割表面，使其能夠制造出隨時(shí)可用的功能部件。該工藝是由三作用沖床、特殊材料和模具組合而成。這提供了幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如低平整度值，淬火的毛坯表面和高的空腔精度。此外，該技術(shù)還允許對(duì)非常厚(1 - 15mm)的金屬進(jìn)行沖裁、彎曲、上漿、繪制和成型其他三維幾何形狀以及其他復(fù)雜的型材，具有較高的精度。因此，該技術(shù)可以應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域，這些領(lǐng)域需要大量生產(chǎn)高性能的金屬部件。歷史1923 年初，德國的 Schiess 先生發(fā)明了精細(xì)沖裁技術(shù)。然而，這一技術(shù)在當(dāng)時(shí)的鐘表行業(yè)是純粹且秘密的應(yīng)用。直到 1950 年，精沖裁機(jī)問世，該技術(shù)才得以發(fā)表。1960 年代初，該技術(shù)的應(yīng)用范圍從手表行業(yè)擴(kuò)展到輕工業(yè);也從西方國家到東方國家。從 1970 年開始，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)被廣泛應(yīng)用于從輕工業(yè)到重工業(yè)。1980 年，世界上有 2800 多臺(tái)精密沖裁機(jī)。原則與精沖相比，傳統(tǒng)沖壓中沖床與模具間隙較大，如圖 4-1 所示。此外，沒有轉(zhuǎn)向力和反作用力。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，常規(guī)沖壓生產(chǎn)的零件約有 1/3 的剪切邊，且形狀呈弓形，而精沖生產(chǎn)的零件則 100%剪切邊，形狀平整，尺寸準(zhǔn)確。此外，在采用精沖工藝時(shí)，沖頭與模具之間的間隙要小得多，如圖 4-2 所示，外加轉(zhuǎn)向力和反作用力。傳統(tǒng)的沖壓如果你也了解在傳統(tǒng)的金屬?zèng)_壓過程中發(fā)生了什么，那么精沖更容易理解。首先要記住的是所有的金屬都有一個(gè)特殊的彈性行為。在常規(guī)沖孔過程中，金屬在初始沖孔接觸時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生變形。圖 4-3 顯示了在一片金屬片上穿孔或切割一個(gè)孔的第一步。當(dāng)沖頭與板材接觸時(shí)，金屬開始變形并在沖頭周圍凸起。當(dāng)零件材料的屈服強(qiáng)度被壓力機(jī)向下的力超過時(shí)，沖頭的尖端開始穿透金屬表面。優(yōu)勢(shì)采用精沖工藝，可明顯改善零件的性能。該零件形狀好，表面光滑，尺寸精確，無需二次加工即可組裝。提高了生產(chǎn)效率，大大縮短了生產(chǎn)周期，降低了零部件成本。設(shè)備采用特殊結(jié)構(gòu)模具的精沖沖床，可有效生產(chǎn)精沖制品，如圖 4、5 所示。應(yīng)用精沖在汽車門鎖、變速箱、躺椅調(diào)整器等行業(yè)中有廣泛的應(yīng)用，也可應(yīng)用于電子、電氣等行業(yè)。如果您不需要壓印到緊公差，不需要光滑的表面，也不需要進(jìn)行大量的二次加工，那么精沖就不適合您。還應(yīng)注意的是沖程率不接近傳統(tǒng)沖床的沖程率。但如果你需要嚴(yán)格的公差和厭倦了耗時(shí)耗錢的二次操作，那么精沖絕對(duì)值得一看。筆記It allows manufacturing ready-to-use functional components thanks to high-precision, perfectly and smoothly cut surfaces.句子中的thanks to 是一個(gè)副詞短語，可譯成“由于”；全文可譯為：由于能夠完美自如，且高精度地切割表面，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)可以制造出隨時(shí)可以使用的功能性零部件。Fine blanking is not for you if you don't need to stamp to tight tolerances, don't require smooth surfaces and don’t perform extensive secondary operations.本句中“don’t need to.，don’t require.和 don’t perform.”為并列結(jié)構(gòu)；全文可譯為：如果您不需要沖壓實(shí)現(xiàn)緊密公差、不需要光滑的表面以及不需要執(zhí)行廣泛的二次操作，那就無需精沖了。新的單詞functional ['fAf]kJanl] adj.功 能 的component [kam’paunant] n.零 件high-precision [haipr「si3an]n.髙精度，高精密度fine [fain] a.精 密 的blank [blaeqk] v.沖 裁die[dai]n.模具，凹模machine [m9’J“i:n] v.力口工manufacture [?maenju'faektj a] v.制造ready-to-use [Yeditu: ju:s] a?隨時(shí)可以使用的functional ['fAi]kJanl] a.功 能 的component [kam’paunant] n? 零 部 件precision [pri’si3an] n.精 度cut [kAt] v.切 割surface [’sa:fis] n.表 面combination [.kombi'neij an] n.組 合press [pres] n.flatness ['flaetnis] n.水 平hardening [.ha:danir]] n.硬 化angular ['aer]gjula] a? 角 的bend [bend] v.彎 曲size [saiz] v.精 壓draw [dro:] v.拉 伸shape [Jeip] v.成 形 ’理解綜述一、本文主要內(nèi)容精沖是一種板料加工技術(shù)。高精密、完美、平滑的切割表面，使其能夠制造出隨時(shí)可用的功能部件。精沖是一種板料加工技術(shù)。高精密、完美、平滑的切割表面，使其能夠制造出隨時(shí)可用的功能部件。1923 年初，德國的 Schiess先生發(fā)明了精細(xì)沖裁技術(shù)。與精沖相比，傳統(tǒng)沖壓中沖床與模具間隙較大。此外，沒有轉(zhuǎn)向力和反作用力。精沖在汽車門鎖、變速箱、躺椅調(diào)整器等行業(yè)中有廣泛的應(yīng)用，也可應(yīng)用于電子、電氣等行業(yè)。2、本文主要研究方法（手段）1. 網(wǎng)上資料的查詢.2. 劉彥國老師的指導(dǎo)3. 圖書館文獻(xiàn)的閱覽3、本文主要結(jié)論精沖是一種板料加工技術(shù)。高精密、完美、平滑的切割表面，使其能夠制造出隨時(shí)可用的功能部件。該工藝是由三作用沖床、特殊材料和模具組合而成。這提供了幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，如低平整度值，淬火的毛坯表面和高的空腔精度。此外，該技術(shù)還允許對(duì)非常厚(1 - 15mm)的金屬進(jìn)行沖裁、彎曲、上漿、繪制和成型其他三維幾何形狀以及其他復(fù)雜的型材，具有較高的精度。因此，該技術(shù)可以應(yīng)用于許多領(lǐng)域，這些領(lǐng)域需要大量生產(chǎn)高性能的金屬部件。