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Unit 2　English around the world 【短文語法填空】 One day in 1998，I went to visit my 90yearold grandma in a nursing home.She had lived there for 15 years.But it was being a little bit sad，partly because the place was full of people who 1. (be)at the last stage of their life.What’s 2. (bad)，it was taking her longer and longer 3. (recognize) me.She was really excited that day because they were having a dance party.I was not a big fan of dancing, 4. I was a big fan of Grandma，so I accepted her 5. (invite)．During the party，an old lady 6. (sit) next to me chatted with me，saying how much she loved music and dancing.Not knowing 7. to say，I stood up and invited her for a dance. I danced with all the ladies, 8. (particular)with Grandma，which was awesome.However，I felt disfort throughout 9. party.I didn’t know the reason at that moment.But now，I realize it was my fear of watching Grandma grow older，my powerlessness to do anything about it and the thought of losing 10. (she) that made me unfortable. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇記敘文，講述了作者去養(yǎng)老院看望90歲的奶奶。在那里的一次舞會中，作者與養(yǎng)老院所有的老奶奶都跳了舞。 1．were　解析：考查動詞時態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞people；結(jié)合句意可知，從句的時態(tài)應與主句的時態(tài)保持一致。所以填were。 2．worse　解析：考查形容詞比較級。What’s worse意思是“更糟糕的是”，相當于副詞短語Even worse/Worse still。所以填worse。 3．to recognize　解析：考查非謂語動詞。句型It takes(took) sb.some time (money) to do sth.意為“做某事需要花費某人一定的時間或金錢”。所以填to recognize。 4．but/yet　解析：考查連詞。根據(jù)空處前后句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空處應該填一連詞；結(jié)合空前的“not a big fan of dancing”和空后的“a big fan of Grandma”可知，空處前后有轉(zhuǎn)折含義。所以填but/yet。 5．invitation　解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的“accepted her”可知，空處應該是名詞作賓語，意思是“接受她的邀請”。所以填invitation。 6．sitting　解析：考查非謂語動詞。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處是非謂語動詞作后置定語，且主語an old lady與動詞sit是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。所以填sitting。 7．what　解析：考查疑問代詞。根據(jù)“疑問代詞＋不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)及空前的knowing可知，空處應該填疑問代詞，意思為“不知道說什么”。所以填what。 8．particularly　解析：考查副詞。空后是介詞短語with Grandma，介詞短語只能用副詞修飾。所以填particularly。 9．the　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意可知，此處的party特指上文中的“a dance party”。所以填the。 10．her　解析：考查人稱代詞。根據(jù)空前的losing同時結(jié)合句意可知，空處應該填人稱代詞she的賓格her。 base vt.以……為根據(jù)n.基部；基地；基礎(chǔ) (1)base...on/upon...把……建立于……基礎(chǔ)之上 be based on/upon 以……為基礎(chǔ)；依據(jù)…… (2)basis n．基礎(chǔ)；基本原則 on the basis of 根據(jù)；在……的基礎(chǔ)上 (3)basic adj.基本的；基礎(chǔ)的 ①(教材原句)It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 當時的英語更多是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而不像我們今天所說的英語。 ②Based (base) on a novel by Liu Zhenyun，Back to 1942 tells the true story of Henan Province. 《一九四二》是根據(jù)劉震云的小說改編而成的，它講述了發(fā)生在河南省的真實故事。 ③The government provides them with not only food and shelter，but also the basic (base) skills for their living. 政府不僅為他們提供食物和住處，還為他們提供基本的謀生技能。 mand n．[C]命令，指令；[U]掌握 vt.命令；指揮，支配；博得 (1)at one’s mand 聽某人支配 under one’s mand＝under the mand of sb.由某人指揮 have a good mand of 掌握；精通(尤指語言) (be)in mand of 掌握；控制 take mand of 控制；擔任……的指揮 (2)mand sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 mand that...(should)do...命令……做…… ①I advised him to_mand (mand) his temper. 我勸他控制自己的脾氣。 ②He manded the soldiers to_shut (shut) the gate. 他命令士兵們把大門關(guān)上。 ③Apart from English，he has a good mand of Russian. 除英語外，他還精通俄語。 request n．& vt.請求；要求 (1)make(a)request for...請求……；要求…… at one’s request＝at the request of sb.應某人的要求 (2)request sb.to do sb.請求某人做某事 request that...(should)do...請求/要求……做某事 It is requested that...(should)do...要求…… ①(教材原句)Can you find the following mand and request from Reading? 你能從閱讀中找出下面的命令和要求嗎？ ②It is_requested (request) that our head teacher should give a speech at tomorrow’s meeting. 我們班主任被要求在明天的會議上演講。 ③(2016江蘇卷)John，what’s your request for personal growth? 約翰，你對個人成長的要求是什么？ 后跟虛擬語氣的動詞 【七選五】 Social Phobia It’s natural to feel nervous, or shy in front of others at times. Most people manage to get through these moments when they need to.　 1 　It’s probably more than shyness. It may build up into a powerful fear. As a result, people feel unfortable participating in everyday social activities. This is called social phobia (also called social anxiety). 　 2 　It prevents them from chatting with friends in the lunchroom, joining an after-school club, or going to a party. Sometimes, they even feel too nervous to ask a question in class or go to a teacher for help. Social phobia not only prevents people from trying new things. It also prevents them from making the normal, everyday mistakes that help people improve their skills still further. It is really sad, isn’t it? But the good news is that people with social phobia can learn to manage fear, develop confidence and municating skills and stop avoiding things that make them nervous. Of course it’s not always easy. Dealing with social phobia takes patience, courage to face fears and the willingness to practice.　 3 　 Therapists (治療師) can help people create a plan for facing social fears and build the skills and confidence to overe it. And family or friends are especially important for them.　4　Friends and family can encourage them to pick a small goal to aim for, remind them to go for it, and be there when they might feel discouraged. Good friends and family are there to celebrate each small success along the way. Little by little, someone who decides to deal with extreme shyness can learn to be more fortable.　 5 　As shyness and fears begin to melt, confidence and positive feelings build. Pretty soon, the person is thinking less about what might feel unfortable and more about what might be fun. A. Friends can overe their fears. B. But for some, the anxiety can be extreme. C. They are not able to make eye contact with classmates. D. Social phobia makes people lonely or disappointed over missed opportunities. E. It also takes a mitment to go forward rather than back away when feeling shy. F. Each small step forward helps build enough confidence to take the next small step. G. The support from those key people helps them gather the courage to try something new. 【文章大意】本文為說明文。講述的是社交恐懼癥的危害和解決辦法。 1.B 【解析】根據(jù)上文可知此處表示＂對于某些人來說，這種焦慮可能是極端的。＂，故選B。 2.D 【解析】根據(jù)本段的內(nèi)容可知，本段表示的是社交恐懼癥的不良影響，與D項（社交恐懼癥使人孤獨或?qū)﹀e過的機會感到失望）一致，故選D。 4.G 【解析】根據(jù)上文可知此處表示家人和朋友的支持在幫助克服社交恐懼癥時的重要性，與G項一致，故選G。 5.F 【解析】根據(jù)上下句可知此處表示＂每一步的成功幫助建立足夠的信心進行下一步＂，故選F。 because of 由于，因為 due to 由于，因為 作表語或狀語，作狀語，不位于句首 thanks to 多虧，由于，作表語或狀語 owing to 由于，因為 作表語或狀語 as a result of 因為……的結(jié)果，作狀語 on account of 由于，因為，作表語 by reason of 由于，因為，作狀語 ①(教材原句)Later in the next century，people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that，English began to be spoken in many other countries. 在下一個世紀晚期，來自英國的人們長途跋涉去征服世界的其他地方，也是由于這一點，英語在許多國家得到使用。 ②Our flight was delayed，owing (owe) to the bad weather. 由于壞天氣，我們的班機給耽擱了。 ③Thanks (Thank) to your timely help，I finished my work ahead of time. 多虧了你及時的幫助，我提前完成了工作。 (1)because of 是復合介詞，后接名詞、代詞，在句中作狀語。 (2)because 是從屬連詞，引導一個原因狀語從句。 (3)due to 由于(引導表語或狀語，作狀語時不可位于句首，若放在句首，要用because of 或owing to 來代替。) 單句語法填空 ④(2017江蘇卷)He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify for the scholarship because_of his academic background. ⑤(2017全國卷Ⅲ)Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves would kill their farm animals or pets. e up 走近；上來；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；被提出；(太陽、月亮等)升起 e up with 想出，提出；產(chǎn)生 e about 發(fā)生 e back 回來；重新流行 e across 穿過(路、橋)；偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)(＝e upon) e down (價格、溫度、比率等)下降，降低 e on 趕快；得了吧；加油 e out 出版；出來，出現(xiàn)；結(jié)果是 e to 蘇醒；總計；達到；談到 When it es to...當談到……的時候 ①(教材原句)I’d like to e up to your apartment. 我愿意來你的公寓。 ②(2016全國卷Ⅰ)Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they e across the personal anxiety their patients may experience. 護士和護工們都需要意識到當他們遇到病人可能經(jīng)歷個人焦慮時沉默意味著什么。 ③Please tell me how the accident came (e)about. 請告訴我事故是怎么發(fā)生的。 ④單句語法填空(2017天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came (e) across my new neighbors. e up含有“被提出”之意，以物作主語時不用被動語態(tài)。而e up with意為“提出，想出”，其主語是人。 make use of 利用；使用 (1)充分利用 (2)e into use 開始被使用 bring/put...to use 加以使用 be of great use 很有用 It be no use doing sth.做……沒用 ①(教材原句)So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 所以到17世紀，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都大。 ②Once you get the chance，you should_make (make) full use of it. 一旦你得到這個機會，你就要充分利用它。 ③His success lies in the use that he can_make (make) of every chance to improve himself. 他的成功在于他善于利用每一次機會提升自己。 make use of短語的構(gòu)成特點為：動詞＋名詞＋介詞。此類短語使用時通常做以下變化： (1)把名詞提前使用被動語態(tài)； (2)把名詞提前作先行詞用，其后接定語從句。 【短文改錯】 One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son if the poor lived，so he could be thankful to his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of that would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home，replying in a way that shocked his father. The boy said he wanted to bee farmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night star to give them light while her family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is true rich.” With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father sat on their fortable sofa，totally speechless. 文章大意：一天，一位富人為了讓兒子對他的財富充滿“感激”，便帶著兒子來到鄉(xiāng)村去體驗農(nóng)民的生活，沒想到結(jié)果卻令富人“無語”，因為他的兒子想當農(nóng)民。 答案： One day a rich man took his son on a trip to the country in order to show his son the poor lived，so he could be thankful his wealth.They spent a couple of days and nights on the farm of would be considered a very poor family.On their return back，the father asked his son to explain what he had learnt.The boy，who had remained silent and deep in thought on the journey home， in a way that shocked his father. The boy said he wanted to beefarmer.He envied the farmers who had the beautiful night to give them light while family had only expensive lanterns.His wish was to have a farm where he could go swimming in an endless river instead of the garden pool in their home.Finally the boy finished by saying，“Before the trip I thought we were rich but today I have learnt who is rich.” With this，the boy got up and walked away，leaving his father on their fortable sofa，totally speechless. ?　解析：考查句意理解以及從屬連詞。本句的意思是：有一天，一位富人帶著他的兒子去鄉(xiāng)村旅行以便讓他的兒子看看窮人是如何生活的；此處用來引導賓語從句，意為：如何；故用how。 ?　解析：考查固定短語。be thankful to后面跟人，表示感謝某人；be thankful for后面跟事物，表示對某事物表示感謝；由于此處之后接的是wealth(財富)；故用for。 ?　解析：考查連接代詞。此處用來引導賓語從句，由于該從句中缺少主語，故用連接代詞what。 ?　解析：考查return的含義。由于return“返回”相當于“go back/get back/e back”，即它本身就含有back的意思，其后不能再跟back；故去掉return之后的back。 ?　解析：考查謂語動詞。此處在句中作謂語，根據(jù)上文可知，此處講述的是發(fā)生在過去某一天的事情，應使用一般過去時；故用replied。 ?　解析：考查不定冠詞。此處用來修飾單數(shù)名詞farmer，表示泛指一位農(nóng)民，故在farmer前加a。 ?　解析：考查名詞的單復數(shù)。此處指的是：許多美麗的夜星；由于star為可數(shù)名詞；故用stars。 ?　解析：考查人稱代詞。此處用來修飾名詞family，指代的是男孩的家；故用his。 ?　解析：考查副詞。此處用來修飾形容詞rich，故用truly。 　解析：考查固定搭配。leave sb doing 指讓某人保持某動作或狀態(tài)，留下某人…；此處指的是：男孩站起來走開了，留下了他的父親坐在他們舒適的沙發(fā)上，完全說不出話來；故用sitting。 It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. 當時的英語更多是以德語為基礎(chǔ)，而不像我們今天所說的英語。 more...than...與其說……倒不如說……；比……更…… (1)more than (2) (3) (4) ①Lin Xinru is more (many) than an actress，but also a producer in this film. 在這部電影里林心如不僅僅是一位演員，還是一位制片人。 ②It is you rather than he that are to blame for the terrible accident. 是你而不是他該對這次可怕的事故負責任。 Believe it or not，there is no_such_thing_as standard English. 信不信由你，沒有什么標準英語。 句中“no such＋單數(shù)名詞”意為“沒有這樣的……”，其中單數(shù)名詞前不可再加冠詞，相當于“not such a/an＋單數(shù)名詞”。 (1)such與a/an連用時要放在a/an的前面；與all，no，some，any，few，little，many，much，several，one等詞連用時，應位于它們的后面。 (2)such＋that... (3)such...as...像……這樣的……，as在句中引導定語從句。 ①No such person but Peter can perform so perfectly. 除了彼得沒有這樣的人能表演得如此完美。 ②There is no such good thing as a free dinner in this world.As the saying goes，“No pains，no gains.” 世上沒有免費的午餐這樣的事。俗話說：“不勞無獲?！? ③Chen Long of China defeated Lee Chong Wei of Malaysia to claim the gold medal in the men’s badminton singles final at the Rio Olympic Games.But Lin Dan had no_such luck. 在里約奧運會羽毛球男子單打決賽中，中國隊的諶龍擊敗了馬來西亞的李宗偉，收獲了一枚金牌。林丹卻沒有這樣的運氣。 比較下列句子，注意連接詞的作用 (1)The book is written in such easy English as beginners can understand.(as引導定語從句) (2)The book is written in such easy English that beginners can understand it.(that引導結(jié)果狀語從句) 這本書用那么簡單的英語寫成，初學者能容易理解。 【閱讀理解】 I think it was October, 1982. A friend had business dealings in the city of Reno, Nevada, and I was asked to acpany her on an overnight trip. While she conducted her business, I was aimlessly wandering down Virginia Street, heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset. I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty, but I couldnt make eye contact with anyone. Quickly I ducked into a department store and asked the lady behind the counter if she could e outside for just a minute. She looked at me as though I were from some other planet and said，“Well...” Surprisingly, she followed me out. When she got outside I said to her, “Just look at that sunset! Nobody out here was looking at it and I just had to share it with someone.” For a few seconds we just looked. Then I said, “Gods in his heaven and alls right with the world.” I thanked her for ing out to see it and sharing the beauty. Four years later my situation had changed considerably. I had e to the end of a twentyyear marriage. I was alone and on my own for the first time in my life. One day, while my clothes were going around, I picked up a Unity Magazine and read an article about a woman who had been in similar circumstances. She had e to the end of a marriage, moved to a strange munity, and the only job she could find was one she disliked: cosmetic sales in a department store. We had a lot in mon. Then something happened to her that changed everything. She said a woman came into her department store and asked her to step outside to look at a sunset. The stranger had said “Gods in his heaven and alls right with the world，”and she had realized the truth in that statement and that she simply had not been seeing it. From that moment on, she turned her life around. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者與陌生的女店員分享看到的日落美景，而這次經(jīng)歷改變了這位女店員的人生。文章旨在告訴讀者用樂觀積極的態(tài)度面對變化不定的人生。 【長難句分析】One day, while my clothes were going around, I picked up a Unity Magazine and read an article about a woman who had been in similar circumstances.(第四段第四句) 分析：該句為主從復合句?！皐ho had been in similar circumstances”為who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞a woman; while引導時間狀語從句。 譯文：一天，我四處閑逛時在Unity Magazine上閱讀到了一篇文章，該文章是關(guān)于一位和我有著相同遭遇的女士的。 1. Why did the writer duck into a department store? A．She found it was boring with nobody talking to her. B．She wanted to buy something for her friend. C．She wanted to find somebody to share the beautiful sunset. D．She thought it was her responsibility to share the natural beauty with others. 答案與解析：C　考查細節(jié)理解。 【關(guān)鍵句】While she conducted her business, I was aimlessly wandering down Virginia Street, heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset. I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty, but I couldnt make eye contact with anyone.(第一段第三、四句) 譯文：在她處理業(yè)務期間，我漫無目的地在Virginia大街上閑逛，眼前便是輝煌壯麗的日落美景。我迫切地想在街上找個人和他分享美景，可是我一個人都沒有找到。 【解題思路】該題提問的是作者溜進商店的原因。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句并結(jié)合文章第二段內(nèi)容可知，作者溜進商店是為了邀請別人一起欣賞日落美景。故C項正確。 2. What does the sentence “Gods in his heaven and alls right with the world” mean? A．We should be optimistic in the face of uncertainty. B．We should believe in God who can help us when we are in trouble. C．We should never hold the belief that God can change our life. D．We should be independent and enjoy ourselves in spite of difficulties. 答案與解析：A　考查句意理解。 【關(guān)鍵句】．..and she had realized the truth in that statement and that she simply had not been seeing it.From that moment on, she turned her life around.(最后一段最后兩句) 譯文：她已經(jīng)認識到了這句話中蘊含的真理，只是一直沒有留意過。從那一刻起，她的人生發(fā)生了翻天覆地的改變。 【解題思路】通讀全文可知，這句話共出現(xiàn)過兩次，第一次是在第三段第二句；第二次是在第五段第三句。結(jié)合最后一段最后兩句及第四段和第五段描述的該女士最終改變了自己的人生可知，該句是在說前途未卜時，我們應保持積極樂觀的心態(tài)。故A項正確。 3. What do you think finally changed the writers attitude towards life? A．The old magazine she came across. B．The encouragement from the woman. C．The sunset they enjoyed four years ago. D．The womans story. 答案與解析：D　考查推理判斷。 【解題思路】該題問的是你認為是什么最終改變了作者對待生活的態(tài)度。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，作者邀請一位女士一起分享日落美景這一舉動及在觀景時所發(fā)出的感悟改變了這位女士看待人生的態(tài)度，從而改變了她的人生。如今作者和這位女士之前的遭遇相似，得知她已改寫自己的命運。由此可推知，這位女士的故事會改變作者對待人生的態(tài)度。故D項正確。 4. What may be the best title for the text? A．Depending on yourself B．Sharing beauty C．Struggling every day D．Never giving up halfway 答案與解析：B　考查標題概括。 【關(guān)鍵句】While she conducted her business, I was aimlessly wandering down Virginia Street，heading into a most gloriously beautiful sunset.I had an urge to speak to someone on the street to share that beauty，but I couldnt make eye contact with anyone.(第一段第三、四句) 譯文：在她處理業(yè)務期間，我漫無目的地在Virginia大街上閑逛，眼前便是輝煌壯麗的日落美景。我迫切地想告訴街上的人以便同他們分享美景，可是我一個人都沒有找到。 【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵句并結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章由“欣賞日落美景”引出故事，且兩次提到觀景的感悟，告訴讀者用積極樂觀的態(tài)度來面對變化不定的人生。B項“分享美景”最適合做文章標題。故B項正確。