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考點10 進行時 高考頻度：★★★★★ 進行時表示動作正在進行，這個動作是暫時的，也是未完成的。進行時包括現(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時和將來進行時。 考向一 現(xiàn)在進行時 一、構成：am/is/are + 動詞的-ing形式 二、現(xiàn)在進行時的用法： 1. 表示說話時正在進行的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 Our friends are waiting for us outside now. 我們的朋友們在外面等我們。 What are you doing? 你在干什么？ He is playing basketball now. 他正在打籃球。 2. 表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事情。 She is learning English at college. 她在大學學英語。 Lucy is studying law while her sister is doing physics. 露西學習法律，她姐姐學習物理。（動作在說話時不一定正在進行） 3. 某些短暫性動詞，如e, go, start, open, close, arrive, return, begin, leave等用于進行時，表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作。 My father is ing to see me this Saturday. 父親這個星期六來看我。 He is leaving for Beijing next week. 下周他要去北京。 4. 某些動詞的進行時表示慢慢地、漸漸地發(fā)生變化。 I’m forgetting English. 我的英語快忘記了。 She is losing her eyesight. 她的視力在慢慢地喪失。 5. 表示剛剛過去的動作：（動詞為某些表示說話的詞：tell，talk，say等） Believe it or not, I am telling the truth. 不管你信不信，我說的都是實話。 I don’t know what you are talking about. 我不知道你們在說什么。 6. 表示某種感情色彩：與頻度副詞（always, continually, constantly, for ever）連用。 He is always plaining about the house. 他總是抱怨這間房子。 She is continually finding fault with me. 她總是對我吹毛求疵。 7. 表示婉轉語氣：（僅限hope, wonder等少數(shù)詞。） I am hoping you will give us some advice. 我希望你會給我們一些建議。 I am wondering if you can help us. 我想知道你能否幫我們。 三、 下面四類動詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進行時： ①表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動詞：like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，want，mind，wish，agree，mean，need等。 ②表示存在狀態(tài)的動詞：appear，exist，lie，remain，seem，belong to等。 ③表示行為結果的動詞：allow，accept，permit，promise，admit，plete等。 ④表示感官的動詞：see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。 四、現(xiàn)在進行時和一般現(xiàn)在時的比較 ①暫時性動作和經(jīng)常性動作 The puter is working perfectly. 計算機運轉得很好。（暫時） The puter works perfectly. 計算機運轉很好。（一直如此） ②持續(xù)性動作和短暫性動作 The bus is stopping. 車停了下來。（漸漸地） The bus stops.車停了。（迅速） ③暫時性動作和永久性動作 She is living in the country. 她現(xiàn)在住在農(nóng)村。（暫時） She lives in the country. 她住在農(nóng)村。（永久） ④有感情色彩和沒有感情色彩 He is doing well at school. 他在學校表現(xiàn)很好。（贊揚） He does well at school. 他在學校表現(xiàn)很好。（一般事實） 【名師點睛】 常見考法： 1. 和被動語態(tài)放在一起考查； 2. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示一般將來； 3. 現(xiàn)在進行時表抱怨、批評、贊揚的用法。 誤區(qū)提醒 1. 對用現(xiàn)在進行時表示一般將來的動詞不熟悉； 2. 與被動語態(tài)結合起來考查時容易出錯； 3. 辨別不出是在表示抱怨、贊揚等，因此不敢用現(xiàn)在進行。 1. (2018天津卷單項填空)My washing machine ___________this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A. was repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【答案】C 2.—Mr. Jordan, we want to hear your opinion about the current NBA games. —OK, I 　　　to that. A.am ing B. have e C. came D. e 【答案】A 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進行時表將來的用法。英語中有一部分動詞用進行時表示將來。常見的有:e, go, leave, arrive, stay等。 3.—Hi, let’s go skating. —Sorry, I’m busy right now. I ___________ in an application form for a new job. A. fill B. have filled C. am filling D. will fill 【答案】C 考向二 過去進行時 1. 概念：過去進行時主要表示過去某一時刻正在進行的動作，或表示過去某一階段一直在進行的動作。 2. 過去進行時的構成：助動詞be的過去式形式（was, were）+ 現(xiàn)在分詞 否定形式：was / were + not + doing 一般疑問句：把was或were放于句首 3. 過去進行時的用法： （1）表示過去某一時刻，或某一階段正在進行的動作。通常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。 I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡，突然電話鈴響了。 She was writing letters. I didn’t want to disturb her. 她在寫信。我不想打擾她。 （2）表示過去習慣性、經(jīng)常性動作。但是這種習慣性動作具有過去某一階段的暫時性。 In those days, Tom used to get up at 9:00, but that week, he was getting up at 5:00 every day. （3）過去進行時經(jīng)常和always，constantly，forever，continually等頻度副詞連用，表示說話人對某種行為的厭煩等不滿情緒。 He was always playing tricks on me. 他老是捉弄我。 He was constantly changing his mind. 他老是改變主意。 She was forever plaining. 她老是抱怨。 （4）表示過去將來時間里按計劃或安排即將發(fā)生的動作。即表示過去將來。 Four of them were ing for Sunday lunch. 他們有四個人將在星期天來吃午飯。 Her daughter was going to a summer camp the following day. 她的女兒將在第二天去參加夏令營。 （5）在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，用過去進行時表示過去將來正在進行的動作。 He told me to wake him up if he was sleeping. I will let you know when Mary is arriving. （6）動詞 hope, wonder 等的過去進行時常用來表示提出要求，雖然表示現(xiàn)在的內容，但語氣比一般現(xiàn)在時或一般過去時要委婉。 I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知道您能不能讓我搭一下車。 I was thinking it might be a good idea to keep the window open. 我看還是把窗戶開著的好。 注意： 一般過去時也有類似用法，區(qū)別在于：一般過去時通常表示主語的行為是經(jīng)過認真考慮的，而過去進行時則多表示一種較隨便或沒有進行仔細考慮的行為。 （7）過去進行時用于虛擬語氣，表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的主觀臆想，與事實相反的情況。 She wishes that she were ing with us tomorrow. 她希望明天和我們一起來。（對將來的虛擬） I wish that they were not talking so loudly. 我希望他們不要說話那么大聲。（對現(xiàn)在的虛擬） 注意： 當一般過去時和過去進行時同時出現(xiàn)在句中，通常是表示短暫動作的動詞用一般過去時，而表示較長時間的動作用過去進行時。 4．過去進行時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 ①一般過去時往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去進行時卻表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成。 She wrote a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚給朋友寫了封信。（信寫完了） She was writing a letter to her friend last night. 她昨晚一直在給朋友寫信。（信不一定寫完） ②一般過去時表示只做一次動作，而過去進行時卻表示動作反復地進行。 She waved to me.她朝我揮了揮手。 She was waving to me.她不斷地朝我揮手。 The boy jumped up and down.這男孩跳了一下。 The boy was jumping up and down.這男孩不停地跳著。 1. （2018北京卷單項填空）Susan had quit her well-paid job and _________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A. is working B. was working C. has worked D. had worked 【答案】B 2.（2016北京卷單項填空）Jack ___________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 【答案】C 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：突然斷電時，杰克正在實驗室里工作。根據(jù)occurred可知，這里指過去某時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，斷電時，杰克正在工作，要用過去進行時，故選C。 3.（2017江蘇卷單項填空） He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ____________. A. was being followed B. was following C. had been followed D. followed 【答案】 A 【解析】考查賓語從句和時態(tài)。分析句子成分可知，he和follow是被動關系，即他被別人跟蹤，排除B、D；根據(jù)句意＂在匆忙趕回家的路上，他從未回頭看是否正被跟蹤＂，故用過去進行時最合適，故選A。 考向三 將來進行時 1. 定義：將來進行時是指將來某個時間正在進行的動作。 2. 基本結構：主語+will be/be going to be +doing I will be sleeping at 12:00 p.m. 十二點的時候我將在睡覺。 I will be studying in university at the age of 20. 我20歲的時候我將會在大學里學習。 3. 用法： （1）表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，一般帶狀語。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的這個時候你會做什么？ When he es to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他來我家時，我將在寫報告。 （2）表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作，但這個動作會延續(xù)到將來。 I wonder if it will still be raining this afternoon. 我想知道今天下午是否還會一直下雨。 I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 我想她會一直在做這個實驗直到第二天早上。 （3）表示預定的將來動作或對將來的預測。 Tomorrow I will be flying to Bombay. 明天我將飛往孟買。 After you take the medicine, you will be feeling much better. 吃完藥后，你會感覺好很多。 （4）表示委婉的請求。 When shall we be meeting again? 我們什么時候能再見面？ （5）表示原因。 Please e tomorrow afternoon. Tomorrow morning I’ll be having a meeting. 請明天下午過來。明天早上我將有一個會議。 （6）表示結果。 Stop the child or he will be falling over. 快阻止那個孩子，要不然他會摔跤的。 （7）表示對將來的打算（區(qū)別于對將來的預測） My duties will end in July, and I’ll be returning to Beijing. 七月我將結束工作，返回北京。 Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she ___________ a class at that time. A. will teach B. would teach C. has taught D. will be teaching 【答案】D 【名師點睛】本題考查時態(tài)。將來進行時主要表示將來某一時間正在進行的動作，或表示要在將來某一時間開始，并繼續(xù)下去的動作。分析此題需抓住時間狀語以及that time所代指的時間，再聯(lián)系所學將來進行時所應用的范圍及句意可以選出正確的答案。 題組一 基礎過關 單項填空 1.—Is it convenient for you to go shopping with me tomorrow morning? —I’m afraid not. I ___________ then. A. will have a meeting B. am about to have a meeting C. am having a meeting D. will be having a meeting 2.—Mr Foster, were you at home when Justin disappeared last night? —No, I ___________ that night on my road construction job. A. was working B. had worked C. would work D. had been working 3.—Could you attend the lecture about city development tomorrow afternoon? —Sorry, I ___________ to Paris for a Chinese silk exhibition then. A. will be flying B. will fly C. fly D. am flying 4.—Hi, Susan, where were you at lunch time? I ___________ a seat for you in the coffee shop. —Sorry, but my science class ran longer than usual. A. had saved B. have saved C. am saving D. was saving 5.—Excuse me, are you listening to me? —Sorry, I ___________ about the exam we will have tomorrow. A. thought B. was thinking C. am thinking D. think 6. At present, many new workers ___________ and in six months they will be sent to build a new railway. A. are being trained B. are training C. will train D. will be trained 7. —I feel scared, sir. —Don’t worry. I ___________ outside your house tonight ___________ any emergency. A. will be staying；in control of B. am about to stay；in case of C. am about to stay；in control of D. will be staying；in case of 8. I think we should accept that offer, for we ___________ such bad luck up till now and time ___________. A. have；is run out B. have had；is running out C. have had；is run out D. have；is running out 9. —Have you received a reply to your job application? —No. I ___________. A. waited B. am waiting C. have waited D. had been waiting 10. You probably can’t get much sleep if you live near ___________ a wedding reception ___________. A. the place；is being held B. the place where；has been held C. where；is being held D. which；has been held 題組二 能力提升 閱讀下面材料，在空格處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號中單詞的正確形式 After David’s daughter was born, he decided to make one million dollars. He thought in this way his daughter would live 1 happy life. In order to achieve his goal, David devoted most 2 his time to his business. While other fathers 3 (play) with their kids outside, he was working. While other fathers were reading stories to their kids, he was hanging out with his clients. His little daughter 4 (name) Jane hardly saw him. Time flew fast. One day, when David returned home from work, he saw Jane 5 (sit) in the living room. 6 she saw him, she ran to him and asked him to play with her for a while.＂Sorry, Jane, but I’m 7 (terrible) busy tonight. I have a lot of work to do.＂ He was about to leave when he heard Jane crying. So he stopped and asked why. ＂You’re always working. You have no time for me at all. You are not a good dad,＂ Jane said. David was 8 (lose) in thought after hearing that. He remembered why he worked so hard — he wanted Jane to live a happy life. However, things are against his wishes. He 9 (teach) a good lesson that day. Therefore, he made 題組三 體驗真題 1.(2016北京)Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred. A. works B. has worked C. was working D. would work 2.(2015浙江)Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he a famous scientist whose theories would change the world. A. has been B. had been C. was going to be D. was 3.(2015湖南)He must have sensed that I ________ him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly, "Why are you staring at me like that?" A. would look at B. looked at C. was looking at D. am looking at 題組一 基礎過關 單項填空 1. D 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：——明天早上你方便和我去購物嗎？——恐怕不方便。那時我將正在開會。表示將來某個時間或某段時間正在做某事，用將來進行時。故選D。 2. A 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：——Mr. Foster，昨晚Justin失蹤的時候你在家嗎？——不在，那晚我一直在做公路建筑工作。這句話的時間是that night，而且是整晚一直做某事，用過去進行時。故選A。 3. A 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：——明天下午你能參加關于城市發(fā)展的講座嗎？——對不起，那個時候我正飛往巴黎去看中國的絲綢展。then指代的就是tomorrow afternoon，在將來的某一個時間正在做某事用將來進行時，故A項正確。 4. D 【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)句意可知，＂占位子＂就是在＂午飯期間＂發(fā)生的，當時Susan還在上課，所以＂占位子＂要用過去進行時態(tài)。故選D。 6. A 【解析】考查現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。句意：現(xiàn)在，很多新員工正在接受培訓，六個月后他們將被派去修新的鐵路，故選A。 7. D 【解析】考查將來進行時和介詞短語。句意：——我感到害怕，先生?！獎e擔心。我今晚會一直待在你房子外面以防有任何緊急事件。第一空用將來進行時表示將來某個或某段時間一直進行的動作；第二空用in case of 以防。故選D。 8. B 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。up till now=so far是＂到目前為止＂的意思，是現(xiàn)在完成時的標志；run out意思是＂用光，用盡＂，無被動。此句用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)表將來。故選B。 9. B 【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：——你收到工作申請的回復了嗎？——沒有。我一直在等。根據(jù)語境可知，工作申請已經(jīng)發(fā)出，還沒有收到回復。因此推斷wait是說話當時存在的動作。表示現(xiàn)階段存在的動作或狀態(tài)，用現(xiàn)在進行時。故選B。 題組二 能力提升 1. a 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：他認為，這樣他的女兒將過上幸福的生活。live a / an... life為固定短語，意為＂過著……的生活＂，所以填a。 2. of 【解析】考查介詞。句意：為了實現(xiàn)他的目標，David把大部分時間都奉獻在自己的生意上。most of ...為固定短語，意為＂大多數(shù)……＂，所以填of。 3. were playing 【解析】考查過去進行時。句意：當其他的爸爸們在外面和他們的孩子玩耍的時候，他在工作。根據(jù)句意可知，該動作正在進行；又根據(jù)時態(tài)一致原則可知要用過去進行時。 4. named 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他的名字叫Jane的小女兒幾乎看不到他。根據(jù)句意可知，該空作daughter的后置定語，daughter和name之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，所以應用過去分詞作定語。 5. sitting 【解析】考查非謂語動詞。see sb doing sth為固定短語，意為＂看見某人正在做某事＂。故此處應填sitting。 6. When 【解析】考查連詞。句意：當她看見他，她跑過去，請求他陪她玩一會兒。根據(jù)句子的結構和邏輯關系可知，前半句是時間狀語從句，故應填When，表示＂當……的時候＂。 7. terribly 【解析】考查副詞。此處修飾形容詞busy，故填副詞terribly。 8. lost 【解析】考查固定短語。句意：聽了那些話之后，David 陷入思考。be lost in意為＂沉迷于……＂，故填lost。 9. was taught 【解析】考查被動語態(tài)。句意：那天女兒給他上了很好的一課。根據(jù)句意可知主語he與teach為動賓關系，所以應用被動語態(tài)；時間狀語是that day，用一般過去時。故填was taught。 10. decision 【解析】考查名詞。make a decision為固定短語，意為＂做決定＂。故填decision。 題組三 體驗真題 1.C 【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：突然斷電時，杰克正在實驗室里工作。根據(jù)occurred可知，這里指過去某時刻正在發(fā)生的事情，斷電時，杰克正在工作，綜合用過去進行時，故選C。 3.C 【解析】句意：他一定是注意到我在看著他。他突然看向我然后輕聲問道：“你為什么要那樣盯著我看？”根據(jù)分析，此句在意義上應該用進行時，又根據(jù)此句中的must have sensed和glanced at可知是過去進行時，故選C。