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Unit 2　The Olympic Games 【短文語法填空】 Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years.They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people，1. (cause) a farreaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives.The traditional Chinese marriage usually 2. (involve) some necessary procedures，such as matchmaking，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. 3. addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged，4. follows is a 5. (choose) of the date of their marriage. Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends 6. (attend) the wedding.However，quite a few others，especially 7. in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”．The wedding ceremony is usually hosted 8. (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with 9. unique banquet.Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a 10. (health) baby and so on. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了中國的婚俗習慣。 1．causing　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知，空處表示自然而然的結果，主語They和動詞cause之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 2．involves　解析：考查主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的usually可知，此處表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，故用一般現(xiàn)在時；主語The traditional Chinese marriage為第三人稱單數(shù)，故謂語動詞應用單數(shù)形式。 3．In　解析：考查固定搭配。in addition為固定搭配，意為“此外，除此之外”。 4．what　解析：考查主語從句。分析該句結構可知，空處引導主語從句，且在從句中作主語，故用what引導該主語從句。 5．choice　解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的不定冠詞a可知，空處應用名詞形式。 6．to attend　解析：考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處表示目的，故用動詞不定式作目的狀語。 7．those　解析：考查代詞。根據(jù)語境可知，空處指那些在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人，表示復數(shù)，故用代詞those。 8．warmly　解析：考查副詞?？仗幮揎梽釉~hosted，故用副詞形式。 9．a(chǎn)　解析：考查冠詞?？蘸蟮腷anquet為可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，且unique的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。 10．healthy　解析：考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椇竺娴拿~baby，表示“一個健康的嬰兒”，故用形容詞healthy。 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①host vt.做東；主辦；招待 n．主人 ②fine vt.罰款 ③charge vt. & vi.收費；控訴 n．費用；主管 ④bargain vi.討價還價；講條件 n．便宜貨 ⑤deserve vi. & vt.應受；值得 ⑥r(nóng)eplace vt.取代；替換；代替 replacement n．代替，替換 ⑦pete vi.比賽；競爭 petitor n．競爭者 petition n．比賽；競爭 petitive adj.競爭的，有競爭性的 ⑧admit vt. & vi.容許；承認；接納 admission n．準許進入；承認；入場費 ⑨advertise vt. & vi.做廣告；登廣告 advertisement n．廣告 2．常考詞匯 ①foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的 ②medal n．獎章；勛章；紀念章 ③nowadays adv.現(xiàn)今；現(xiàn)在 ④pain n．疼痛；痛苦 painful adj.痛苦的，(肉體)疼的 ⑤magical adj.巫術的；魔術的；有魔力的 magic n．巫術；魔術 ⑥r(nóng)egular adj.規(guī)則的；定期的；常規(guī)的 regularly adv.規(guī)則地；定期地；常規(guī)地 ⑦athlete n．運動員；運動選手 athletics n．體育運動；競技 ⑧responsibility n．責任；職責 responsible adj.有責任心的 ⑨swift adj.快的；迅速的 swiftly adv.快速地 ⑩physical adj.物理的；身體的 physics n．物理；物理學 physician n．醫(yī)生，醫(yī)師；內(nèi)科醫(yī)生 用所給單詞的適當形式填空 1．Benjamin was forced to_admit (admit) what he had been doing.(2017浙江卷) 2．These advertise (advertisement) the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 3．Taylor’s swift (swiftly) action helped her teammates calm down.(2017北京卷) 4．We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of what it used to_charge (charge)．(2017江蘇卷) 5．I want to prove that I can be just as good as my petitors (pete)．(2016北京卷) 6．You can produce that kind of magical (magic) quality in your own garden，too.(2016全國Ⅱ卷) 7．Even chimp mothers regularly (regular) decline to share food with their children.(2016江蘇卷) 8．Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility (responsible), independence, confidence and petence.(2016天津卷) 9．Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical (physics) world in this way.(2016浙江卷) 10．Tall poles，placed in large training areas，teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful (pain) but undeadly electric shock.(2016北京卷) ?含serve的必備動詞一覽 ①deserve應受，值得 ②observe觀察；遵守 ③preserve保存，保藏 ④reserve保留；預定 ⑤conserve保存；保護 ?后綴less構成的?？夹稳菰~集錦 ①careless粗心的 ②hopeless無望的 ③doubtless無疑的 ④helpless無助的 ⑤restless不安的 ⑥homeless無家可歸的 ?詞形相近詞對比記 ①medal n．獎牌 ②modal n．模型，典型 ③metal n．金屬 ④mental adj.心理的 ?ive結尾的形容詞集錦 ①active活潑的 ②instructive有教育意義的 ③predictive預言性的 ④productive多產(chǎn)的 ⑤protective防護的 ⑥r(nóng)elative有關的 ⑦representative代表的 ⑧restrictive限制的，約束的 【完形填空】 I was driving to the grocery store on a warm morning in May.I smiled as I watched the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves.It was such a __2__ and heavenly time. My calm was broken，__3__，as I rounded a curve(拐彎處)．A huge UHaul truck was ing my way several feet over the center line.I swerved as far onto the side of the road as I could to __4__ it.It was followed by not one but two other UHaul trucks just as __5__.I wondered if all the stuff inside of them __6__ the same person.I slowed down my car and waited for my heart rate to __7__.It was then that I __8__ a selfstorage business along the side of the highway，building new units for all the people who couldnt fit their __9__ into their houses.I saw a(n)__10__ couple carrying boxes into one of the units.It seemed __11__ that a couple just out of their teens could already have too much stuff. I lost my own __12__ for owning stuff when a house fire in the middle of the night destroyed everything my family owned.The only thing I had left was the underwear I was wearing.Yet，our whole family had awakened __13__ to escape.In the weeks that followed friends and family gave us a lot of stuff to get us back on our feet，but none of it seemed as __14__ any more.What was important was seeing Moms smile，giving Nana a hug and a kiss，and watching Dad snooze(打盹) in his chair __15__ a hard days work.What was important was the stuff of __16__，not the stuff of this world.Since then I have tried to limit the things I would __17__.I didnt want too much stuff to __18__ my life.I wanted to only buy what I needed and to spend my days in learning，growing，and __19__ my family and others. I assumed that only by doing so could I make my __20__. 1．A.appreciating　　　B．reflecting C．a(chǎn)dmiring D．releasing 2．A.refreshing B．delightful C．peaceful D．dynamic 3．A.though B．too C．a(chǎn)nyway D．instead 4．A.miss B．reject C．ignore D．desert 5．A.useful B．large C．new D．good 6．A.turned to B．referred to C．reacted to D．belonged to 7．A.beat B．pulse C．a(chǎn)ccelerate D．follow 8．A.noticed B．thought C．did D．established 9．A.furniture B．boxes C．possessions D．materials 10．A.old B．young C．middleaged D．small 11．A.curious B．a(chǎn)pparent C．certain D．obvious 12．A.hope B．talent C．faith D．taste 13．A.in return B．in turn C．in time D．in vain 14．A.affordable B．significant C．beneficial D．practical 15．A.before B．in C．a(chǎn)fter D．during 16．A.mind B．hand C．head D．soul 17．A.purchase B．donate C．waste D．need 18．A.put up B．crowd up C．bring up D．set up 19．A.helping B．a(chǎn)busing C．loving D．a(chǎn)ffecting 20．A.name B．day C．world D．way 【解題導語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者通過講述駕車途中的所見所感，并聯(lián)想到自己家中曾經(jīng)的火災事件對他自身觀念的影響，由此闡述了自己的感受：世上最重要的東西不是物質(zhì)占有量，而在于精神世界的豐富，只有這樣人才能感到快樂。 1．B　根據(jù)“the golden sunshine __1__ off the leaves”可知，此處意為“樹葉反射出金色的陽光”。reflect“反射”符合語境。appreciate“感激，欣賞”；admire“欽佩，贊賞”；release“釋放，發(fā)行”。 2．C　根據(jù)空前一句中的“smiled”和空后的“heavenly”及下文中的“calm”可知，作者當時的心情是平靜愉快的，故peaceful符合語境。refreshing“使人精力充沛的”；delightful“討人喜歡的，令人愉快的”；peaceful“平靜的，寧靜的”；dynamic“動力的，有活力的”。 3．A　根據(jù)空前的“My calm was broken”可知，空處所在句與上文構成轉折關系，故though“可是，不過”符合語境。too“太，也”；anyway“不管怎樣，無論如何”；instead“相反”。 4．A　根據(jù)空前一句中的“truck was ing my way several feet over the center line”可知，作者盡量把車子往路邊開來躲開卡車。miss“避開，躲開(不好或討厭的事)”；reject“排斥，丟掉”；ignore“忽視，不理睬”；desert“遺棄，丟棄”。 5．B　根據(jù)上文可知，一輛卡車越過了中心線幾英尺向作者的方向駛來，結合語境可知，這輛大卡車后還跟著另外兩輛同樣大的(large)卡車，故選B。 6．D　根據(jù)語境可知，作者不知道三輛卡車上的東西是否屬于(belonged to)同一個人。belong to“屬于”；turn to“轉向，求助于”；refer to“參考，提到”；react to“對……作出反應”。 7．D　根據(jù)語境可知，作者放慢車速來平靜心情調(diào)整心率。故follow“跟隨，追趕”符合語境。beat“打敗，拍打”；pulse“跳動，搏動”；accelerate“加速，增加”。 8．A　該句中的It was then that是強調(diào)句型，意思是“就在那時”。作者在平靜心情時注意到路旁的一個自助存儲公司。notice“注意到”；establish“建立，創(chuàng)辦”。 9．C　根據(jù)語境可知，這些設備是為那些無法把所有物(possessions)存儲到自己的房子里的人而建的。possession“所有物，財產(chǎn)”符合語境。furniture“家具，設備”；material“材料”。 10．B　根據(jù)空后一句中的“a couple just out of their teens”可知，此處young“年輕的”符合語境。middleaged“中年的”。 11．A　根據(jù)該句中的“could already have too much stuff(可能已經(jīng)擁有太多的東西)”可知，作者對此感到奇怪，故curious“稀奇古怪的”符合語境。apparent“顯然的，表面上的”；certain“必然的，有把握的”；obvious“明顯的，顯然的”。 12．D　根據(jù)語境可知，夜半時分一場大火燒毀了作者家中的一切，因此作者不再有擁有(很多)東西的興趣(taste)。taste“愛好，興趣”符合語境。hope“希望”； talent“才能，天資”；faith“信仰，信念”。 13．C　根據(jù)空前的“had awakened”和空后的“escape”可知，作者全家及時(in time)醒來逃了出去。in return“作為回報”；in turn“反過來，輪流”；in vain“徒勞”。 14．B　根據(jù)空后的“What was important was”和空前的“none of it”可知，空處所填詞與important意思相同，故significant“重要的，有意義的”符合語境。affordable“買得起的”；beneficial“有益的”；practical“實用的”。 15．C　根據(jù)生活常識可知，父親打盹應該是在一天的艱辛工作之后(after)。 16．D　根據(jù)空前的“What was important was the stuff of”及空后的“not the stuff of this world”可知，空處所填詞與“this world”形成對比，再結合上文內(nèi)容可知，作者認為精神世界的豐富更為重要。soul“(人類整體的)精神狀況”符合語境。mind“頭腦，智力”。 17．A　根據(jù)上文中的“not the stuff of this world”可知，作者從此努力限制自己購買(purchase)東西的數(shù)量。下文中的“buy”亦是提示，故選A。donate“捐贈”；waste“浪費”；need“需要”。 18．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示作者不想讓太多的物品充斥自己的生活。故crowd up符合語境。put up“張貼，搭建”；bring up“撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)育，提出”；set up“建立”。 19．C　根據(jù)空后的“my family and others”可以推斷此處意為“愛我的家人和他人”，故選C。abuse“濫用”；affect“影響”。 20．B　根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示只有這樣做作者才能開心。make sb.s day為固定用法，意為“使某人非常高興”。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋介詞/副詞 ①stand for代表；象征；表示 ②pick up拾起；撿起；用車接某人 2．動詞＋名詞＋介詞 ①take the place of代替…… ②play a role in在……起作用 ③make a bargain with與……達成協(xié)議 ④take part in參加；參與 3．其他形式 ①in charge主管；看管；負責 ②apart from除了 ③as well也；又；還 ④one after another一個接一個地 ⑤as a matter of fact事實上 用左欄所給短語的適當形式填空 1．He made_a_bargain_with his wife，“You do the shopping and I will cook.” 2．But Sarah, who has_taken_part_in shows along with top models，wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 3．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand_for specific letters of the alphabet.(2016全國Ⅰ) 4．Please wait at the school gate. John will pick you up there. 5．Apart_from some spelling mistakes，the position is fairly good. ?“動詞＋for”短語小結 ①run for競選 ②ask for要求得到 ③wait for等候 ④long for渴望 ⑤stand for代表，表示 ⑥hope/wish for希望得到 ⑦care for關心，喜歡 ⑧beg for乞求 ?“動詞＋out”短語薈萃 ①break out爆發(fā) ②work out計算出；理解；解決；鍛煉 ③point out指出 ④pick out挑選出 ⑤figure out算出，理解 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學懂，在仿寫中學通 背原句 學句型 練仿寫 1.No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women! 別的國家不能參加，奴隸和婦女也不能參加！ “nor/neither＋情態(tài)動詞/助動詞/系動詞be＋主語”構成倒裝句型。 你不能取消這個合同，我也不能。 You can’t cancel the contract，nor/neither_can_I. 2.Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and... 婦女不僅允許參加比賽，而且她們還在體操、田徑和團體等比賽項目中起著非常重要的作用…… not only...but (also)．..“不僅……而且……”，用來連接并列成分。 一方面，這不僅有助于我們強身健體，而且反過來有助于更高效地學習。 For one thing, it not_only_helps_to_build_up_our_physical_health，but_also helps us learn more efficiently in turn. 3.This is important because the more you speak English, the better your English will bee. 這很重要，因為你說英語越多，你的英語水平就越高。 “the＋比較級(...)，the＋比較級(...)”意為“越……就越……”。 一般說來，一個運動員在賽前訓練得越刻苦，他/她獲勝的可能性就越大。 Generally speaking, the harder an athlete trains before a match, the_more_possible_he/she_will_win. 【七選五】 Traditional Chinese Culture Chinese culture is over 5000 years old.　1　 The spirit of the tea ceremony Xi Hu Long Jing (West Lake Dragon Well) and Yunnan Pu’er have long been world famous.　2　The spirit of the Chinese tea ceremony captures the Chinese attitude towards life and spirituality. These are the things that people all over the world can benefit from. A handful of good tea leaves with some boiling water and a set of lovely tea ware is the perfect way to spend a sunny afternoon and gain some insight into the wisdom of this ancient civilization. 　3　 During the 5,000 years of Chinese civilization, many different flavors, styles, and cuisines(烹飪)have developed based on traditional philosophy and culture. This ancient food culture has had a direct impact on the countries, such as Japan, Mongolia, South Korea, Thailand, and Singapore. It has benefited billions of people around the world through such innovations as Chinese vegetarian culture, tea culture, vinegar, pasta medicated diets, ceramic tableware, and the use of soybeans in the diet. Confucianism has flourished during the last 2,500 of China’s 5,000-year history.　4　This school of thought has had the most profound and long lasting influence in China’s history. Seventy-four Nobel Prize winners and many other highly respected scholars have stated that for the benefit of mankind’s livelihood and development into the next century, these teachings should be promoted and adopted worldwide.　5　 A. Chinese cuisine B. Traditional Chinese culture C. It has been the mainstay of this ancient civilization. D. They are pretty popular due to their superior color and flavor. E. The following three items of traditional Chinese culture have had a worldwide impact. F. This wonderfully rich food culture has also had an impact on Europe, America and Oceania. G. This would provide long lasting benefits for man, helping to ensure a peaceful and happy life. 【備注】文章介紹了三項在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了重要影響的中國傳統(tǒng)文化。 1.E 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。前面敘述到“中國傳統(tǒng)文化有5000多年的歷史”，后文具體講述了三個方面，所以“以下三項中國傳統(tǒng)文化在世界范圍內(nèi)產(chǎn)生了影響”是承上啟下的作用。故選E。 2.D 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。前一句提到“西湖龍井和云南普洱早就聞名世界了”，下面要具體說明這兩種茶葉因何而出名。故選D。 3.A 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。本段主要介紹了中國的烹飪。所以，A是段落主題。故選A。 5.G 【解析】考查上下文理解和邏輯推理。根據(jù)前面的內(nèi)容可知，七十位四位諾貝爾獎獲得者和許多其他德高望重的學者都表示，為了造福人類的生存和發(fā)展，儒家學說應該在世界范圍內(nèi)得到推廣和采用。所以，此處要說明其好處，做總結。故選G。