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Unit 5　Meeting your ancestors 【短文語法填空】 We want everyone to respect us.Do we respect everyone around us? The answer is a big NO! We don’t respect __1__we think is better than us, we don’t respect poor and old people, and we don’t respect who we feel is less better __2__ us.So how can we win respect? The easiest way __3__ (gain) respect is by giving respect. Winning respect might be difficult but not impossible.Don’t use bad language.Being __4__ (help) and listening to someone are a sign of giving respect and __5__ (win) respect as well.With patience and practice, you can get any kind of virtue. Flowers are the main __6__ (attract) of any type of decoration and in the same way respect is the beauty of life.Life is terrible __7__ respect.Just think whenever you go to a party, everyone there is not treated equally.Do you know why? Because of __8__ (they) manners. Why are we not treated sometimes as __9__ (expect)? Because we do the same to others who have expectations from us.Relationship can be healthy if we never cross the walls of respect. Without respect, you can’t live.You need respect everywhere, in life, in work, in society or in family.A respected person __10__ (speak) politely. 1．who　空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作主語，且主語是人，we think是插入語，不影響句子結(jié)構(gòu)，故應(yīng)填who。 2．than　根據(jù)空前的better可知，此處為比較級(jí)，故應(yīng)填介詞than。 3．to gain　此處為不定式作后置定語，修飾名詞way，故填to gain。 4．helpful　由Being可知，此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)形容詞，故填helpful。 5．winning　介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故此處用winning作介詞of的賓語。 6．a(chǎn)ttraction　根據(jù)空前的the main和空后的of可推知，此處應(yīng)填一個(gè)名詞，故填attraction。 7．without　根據(jù)上文的“respect is the beauty of life”可推知，沒有尊重的生活是可怕的，故用介詞without，后跟名詞respect，表示“沒有尊重”。 8．their　此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their修飾名詞manners，在句子中作定語。 9．expected　as expected為固定搭配，意為“正如期望的那樣”。 10．speaks　全文主體時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故此處也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語A respected person為第三人稱單數(shù)意義，故用speaks。 alternative adj.供選擇的；其他的 n．可能的選擇；選擇對(duì)象 (1)an alternative to……的替代品 have no alternative/choice but to do sth.別無選擇只好做某事 there’s no alternative...……別無選擇 (2)alternative energy 替代能源；新能源 alternative fuel 代用燃料；可替代燃料 alternative method 替代的方法 ①(教材原句)Can you think of the alternatives we would use today? 你能想出我們今天使用的替代品嗎？ 表示“別無選擇，只得……”的表達(dá)方式還有： have no choice but to do；can’t choose but do；can’t(help) but do；can do nothing but do ②He had no alternative but to_admit (admit) that he was wrong. ＝He had no choice but to_admit (admit) that he was wrong. ＝He could do nothing but admit (admit) that he was wrong. ＝He could not choose but admit (admit) that he was wrong. ＝He could not help but admit (admit) that he was wrong. 他除了承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了別無選擇。 interrupt vt.&vi.打斷……講話；打岔；暫時(shí)中斷或中止 (1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)(因某事)打斷某人/某事 (2)interruption n．打擾；插嘴；阻斷物 without interruption 連續(xù)地；不斷地 ①(教材原句)I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here? 對(duì)不起，打斷了你的講話，請(qǐng)問他們?cè)趺茨軌蜃≡谶@個(gè)地方呢？ ②Trade between the two countries was_interrupted (interrupt) by the war. 兩國之間的貿(mào)易被戰(zhàn)爭中斷了。 ③She has kept up physical training for several years without interruption (interrupt)． 她堅(jiān)持體育鍛煉，多年來從未間斷。 assume v．假定；設(shè)想；假裝；承擔(dān) (1) (2) (3)assuming that...假設(shè)/假定…… ①(教材原句)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold. 所以我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒，就住在這些洞穴里。 ②Assuming (assume) that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money? 假定這個(gè)建議被采納，我們什么時(shí)候能拿到錢？ ③(2016江蘇卷)In art criticism，you must assume (assumption) the artist has a secret message hidden within the work. 在藝術(shù)評(píng)議中，你一定要設(shè)想藝術(shù)家作品中隱含的信息。 significance n．意義；意思；重要性；重要意義 (1)be of significance/help＝be significant/helpful 有意義/幫助 be of no significance 無意義/不重要 be of little significance 不太重要 (2)significant adj.重要的 ①(教材原句)His university was aware of the significance of his work. 他所在的大學(xué)知道他的工作的重要性。 ②In my opinion，it is a matter of great significance. 依我看來，這是一個(gè)非常重要的問題。 ③單句語法填空(2017全國卷Ⅰ)UNESCO recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance (significant), and its potential as a unifying(聯(lián)合) voice across cultures. 【七選五】 Your phone is running low on power while you are waiting to fly out of an airport. Then you discover a public USB charging area close by. __1__ Then you take a deep breath and sit back, happy to get the power for free. What could go wrong? Plenty. In addition to providing an electrical current, phone charging cords can send and receive data. That free USB charging hub at an airport, hotel or any other public place may not only charge your phone. __2__ The USB charging hub could be connecting to your phone and copying your contact list, email and text messages, voice mail, photographs and videos. It can also copy passwords, banking information and any other information stored on your phone. If you want to charge your phone while traveling, you have other choices that do not increase your risks. Connect your phone only to electrical outlets so data transfer is not possible. __3__ It is better to use a distant wall outlet than a nearby USB charging hub. Carry an extra, fullycharged battery. Having one means you can charge your phone without having to worry about carrying a special cord or finding a power outlet. __4__ If you must use a public USB charging center, be sure to turn off your phone pletely. __5__ But it will reduce the chances of it happening, depending on what phone you have. A．Remember to fully charge your phone before you leave home or work. B．It also could be transferring information to and from the device. C．The public USB charging hub may even download programs to your phone. D．This may or may not prevent data transfer. E．You can charge your phone with the extra battery wherever you are. F．An available outlet may not be as near as a USB charging hub, but the few extra steps may keep your information safe. G．You quickly reach for a charge cord and connect your phone to the charging hub. 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了在飛機(jī)場(chǎng)候機(jī)時(shí)，給處于低電狀態(tài)的手機(jī)安全充電的方法。 1．G　上文說你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)附近有一個(gè)公共的USB充電區(qū)域，空處下文提到你深吸一口氣，舒服地坐好，為免費(fèi)充電而高興。所以空處應(yīng)表示你把手機(jī)連接到充電口進(jìn)行充電，故選G項(xiàng)“你很快拿到一根充電線，并把你的手機(jī)連接到充電中心”。 2．B　上文說機(jī)場(chǎng)、酒店或其他公共場(chǎng)所的免費(fèi)USB充電中心，不僅可以給你的手機(jī)充電，再結(jié)合空后一句可知，空處應(yīng)表示USB充電中心的其他作用。B項(xiàng)提到它還可以把信息傳入或輸出設(shè)備，前后語義銜接，故選B。且B項(xiàng)中的also與空前一句中的not only相呼應(yīng)。 3．F　根據(jù)空處所在段的內(nèi)容可知，本段推薦使用距離稍遠(yuǎn)的墻上的電源插座，而不用鄰近的USB充電中心，這樣可以保證手機(jī)信息的安全。F項(xiàng)說一個(gè)可用的墻上的電源插座可能不像USB充電中心那么近，但是多走幾步可以保證你的信息安全，前后邏輯關(guān)系緊密，故選F。 4．E　本段的主旨是攜帶一個(gè)額外的，充滿電的電池，而E項(xiàng)說無論你在哪里，你都可以用這個(gè)額外的電池給手機(jī)充電，為具體描述，故選E。 5．D　上文提到如果必須使用USB充電中心充電，確保將手機(jī)徹底關(guān)機(jī)。下文說但這將減少發(fā)生這種情況的機(jī)會(huì)。故D項(xiàng)“這可能會(huì)阻止數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，也可能不會(huì)”符合語境。D項(xiàng)中的This指代關(guān)機(jī)這個(gè)行為，故選D。 regardless of 不管；不顧(側(cè)重指不計(jì)后果和代價(jià)) (1)regardless of 不顧；不管 regardless of the fact that...不顧……的事實(shí) in spite of＝despite 雖然，盡管 (2)as regards＝regarding＝in/with regard to 關(guān)于，至于 regarding prep.關(guān)于；至于 (3)regard...as...把……當(dāng)作…… ①(教材原句)So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold. 因此，我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒，就住在這些洞穴里。 ②(2016天津卷)Regardless (regard) of your choice of course，you’ll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively. 不管你選什么課程，你都會(huì)快捷高效地發(fā)展你的語言能力。 (1)regardless of...強(qiáng)調(diào)“不認(rèn)為……重要”，從而不加以重視或考慮，而despite和in spite of有“盡管……但是”之意。 (2)regardless of后可跟whether、what引導(dǎo)的從句，而in spite of和despite后不可接從句。 ③He says what he thinks，regardless of other people’s feelings (feel)． 他怎么想就怎么說，不考慮別人的感受。 date back to(＝date from) 追溯到…… (1)date from/back to 追溯到；始于；自……至今(后接表過去的時(shí)間) to date 迄今為止 up to date 最新的；現(xiàn)代的 out of date 過時(shí)的；廢棄的 make/have a date with sb.與某人約定某個(gè)時(shí)間；與某人約會(huì) set/fix a date(for sth.)確定一個(gè)日期(子) ①(教材原句)All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago. 所有物品都來自于三星堆遺址，它們能追溯到3000至5000年前。 ②Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower，which dates (date) back to/from as early as 800 years ago. 每天都有許多游客在這座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。 date back to和date from一般不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。作后置定語時(shí)，常用現(xiàn)在分詞。 ③This is an old building dating (date) back to/from the 16th century. 這是一棟追溯至16世紀(jì)的古老建筑物。 fed up with 受夠了；飽受；厭煩 (1)feed sb./sth.on/with sth.用……喂…… fed up 吃得過飽，極其厭倦 feed sth.to sb./sth.喂……給…… feed on sth.(動(dòng)物)以……為食，靠……活 feed up 養(yǎng)肥；使厭倦 (2)be tired of 厭煩…… ①(教材原句)Well，I’m fed up with all the attention and... 噢，我厭煩了這么多關(guān)注…… ②You look fed (feed) up.What’s the matter? 你滿臉不高興的樣子，怎么啦？ ③Usually we feed children on/with milk.That’s to say，we often feed milk to our children.At last this makes them fed (feed)up with it. 我們通常用牛奶來喂養(yǎng)孩子。也就是說，我們經(jīng)常給孩子們牛奶喝。最終這使他們厭倦了牛奶。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 The incident had happened on my way to a bookstore on the rainy Sunday afternoon.I was waiting for the green light when a girl about ten was knocked down by a passing car，that drove off quickly.A man immediately rushed to the girl to give him first aid.I joined in without any hesitate.A young woman called 110 and the polices soon arrived at the scene.Fortunate she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital.paring with the escaped driver，I am proud of that I did. 【答案】 The incident happened on my way to a bookstore on rainy Sunday afternoon.I was waiting for the green light when a girl about ten was knocked down by a passing car， drove off quickly.A man immediately rushed to the girl to give first aid.I joined in without any .A young woman called 110 and the soon arrived at the scene. she was not badly injured and we sent her to the nearest hospital. with the escaped driver，I am proud of I did. 第一處：刪除had。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處是在敘述發(fā)生在過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)。 第二處：the改為a?？疾楣谠~。此處應(yīng)用不定冠詞a，泛指某一個(gè)下雨的周日下午。 第三處：about前加of?？疾榻樵~。此處表示“一個(gè)大約十歲的女孩”，故在about前加of。 第四處：that改為which?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，先行詞為“a passing car”。 第五處：him改為her?？疾榇~。根據(jù)語境可知，此處是指上文提到的被車撞倒的小姑娘，故用代詞her。 第六處：hesitate改為hesitation。考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的any可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語，故將hesitate改為hesitation。 第七處：polices改為police?？疾槊~。the police表示“警察”，是表示復(fù)數(shù)意義的集體名詞。 第八處：Fortunate改為Fortunately?？疾楦痹~。副詞修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。故用副詞Fortunately修飾整個(gè)句子。 第九處：paring改為pared?？疾榉侵^語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，pare和句子主語“I”構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作狀語。 第十處：that改為what。考查賓語從句。what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中作賓語，表示物的概念；that在賓語從句中不作成分，故將that改為what。 If_only she had looked ahead and planned better this year! 她今年要是早有預(yù)見，計(jì)劃得更好些就好了！ 此句用了虛擬語氣。if only...意為“要是……就好/但愿……”。 (1)if only...could/would/might＋do...表示對(duì)將來事情的愿望(不用should) (2)if only...did...表示與目前或現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望 (3)if only...had done...表示與過去事實(shí)相反的愿望 ①If only I had (have) more time，I could finish my assignment. 我要是有更多的時(shí)間就好了，那我就可以完成我的任務(wù)。 ②If only we had_e (e) a few minutes earlier! 要是我們?cè)鐏韼追昼娋秃昧耍? ③I had no information about my son.If only I hadn’t_said (not say)those tough words to him. 還沒有我兒子的消息。要是我沒對(duì)他說那些太嚴(yán)厲的話就好了。 　if only/only if if only 表示“但愿，要是……就好了”，句子用虛擬語氣，表達(dá)強(qiáng)烈的愿望或遺憾 only if 表示“只有”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，不用虛擬語氣。若其引導(dǎo)的從句置于句首，且與主語間沒有逗號(hào)隔開，則主句用倒裝語序 ④If only he would_/could/might_reply (reply) to my letter! 要是他能給我回信就好了。 ⑤You can make progress only if you are (be)modest. 虛心使人進(jìn)步。 【閱讀理解】 Chinese paper cutting or "jianzhi" is the art of cutting paper designs, and the cut-outs are also used to decorate doors and windows, so they are sometimes called "chuang hua". Paper cutting has long been a symbol of Eastern charm. There are symmetrical(對(duì)稱的)designs that are usually created by some folding and cutting. When unfolded, it forms a symmetrical design. Chinese cut-outs are normally symmetrical and are usually in an even number series of 2, 4, 24,etc. The oldest surviving paper cut-out is a symmetrical circle from the early 6th century found in Xinjiang, China. From the 7th to 13th century, paper cutting became popular especially during Chinese festivals. The art spread to the rest of the world in the 14th century. Throughout the Qing Dynasty many paper cutting skills were developed including drafting and the use of smoked papers. By the end of the Qing ruling, however, paper cutting was once on the decline because new art forms were being introduced. The Republic of China later tried to revive the art in the 1980s. Today, paper cut-outs are chiefly decorative. They decorate walls, windows, doors, columns, mirrors, lamps and lanterns in homes and are also used on presents or are given as gifts themselves. Entrances decorated with paper cut-outs are supposed to bring good luck. Paper cut-outs used to be used as patterns, especially for embroidery(刺繡). There are two methods of manufacture: one uses scissors, the other uses knives. In the scissor method, several pieces of paper — up to eight — are fastened together. The image is then cut with sharp, pointed scissors. Knife cuttings are fashioned by putting several paper on a relatively soft foundation consisting of a mixture of oil and ashes. Skilled crafters can even cut out different drawings freely without stopping. 1.When can the existing oldest paper cutting date back to? A. about 1 500 years ago. B. about 1 600 years ago. C. about 1 400 years ago. D. about 600 years ago. 2.The underlined word "revive" in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by "_______". A. survive B. restore C. copy D. fix 3.Which of the following words can best summarize the last paragraph? A. History. B. Origin. C. Uses. D. Process. 4.What may be the best title of the text? A. Paper — the Eastern Charm B. The History of Paper Cutting C.A Brief Introduction to Paper Cutting D. Paper Cutting — Unbelievable Skilled Crafters 【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。中國的剪紙藝術(shù)源遠(yuǎn)流長，距今已有1 500多年的歷史。如今的剪紙主要用于裝飾。剪紙過程簡單但具有一定的文化特色。 1.A 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的首句中的關(guān)鍵信息"The oldest surviving paper cut-out...from the early 6th century found in Xinjiang, China"可知，該藝術(shù)始于六世紀(jì)早期，即500年左右，故用2017年減去500年，即可推知距今約1 500年。 3.D 【解析】段落大意題。最后一段介紹了剪紙的兩種方法，具體使用什么工具和怎樣操作。由此可推知本段講的是剪紙的過程，故用process概括此段較為合適。 4.C 【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。全篇從中國剪紙藝術(shù)的歷史、用途以及過程等全方位闡述了Paper Cutting，故用A Brief Introduction to Paper Cutting作為文章標(biāo)題最合適。