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Unit 2　Healthy eating 【短文語法填空】 China to Promote Traditional Opera in Schools China’s central government has pledged(正式承諾) to promote traditional opera in schools. Primary schools, secondary schools, colleges 1. universities have given students the opportunity 2. (watch) traditional opera free of charge in 2017, according to a guideline jointly 3. (issue) by the publicity department of the munist Party of China and the ministries of culture, education and finance. By 2018, students in all schools and colleges nationwide can watch 4. opera free of charge every year. The campaign for traditional opera to reach students 5. (be) mon in all schools in 2020, according to the guideline. The guideline also urges schools to strengthen the creation of opera interest groups. 6. called on the joint effort of the government, education, society and individuals to support the campaign. The guideline also encourages 7. (invest) from enterprises, social organizations and individuals. There are hundreds of forms of local opera in China, 8. Peking Opera the most famous. Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera 9. (list) by UNESCO as an intangible 10. (culture) heritage. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文告訴我們將來會(huì)有更多的學(xué)校推廣京劇。 1．a(chǎn)nd　解析：考查連詞。多個(gè)名詞一起作主語時(shí)，應(yīng)該在最后兩個(gè)名詞之間用and連接。文中Primary schools, secondary schools, colleges, universities這四個(gè)名詞作并列的主語。 2．to watch　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。opportunity后常接不定式作定語，表示“做……的機(jī)會(huì)”。 3．issued　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語；issue與a guideline是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用issue的過去分詞形式作定語。 4．a(chǎn)n 　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示泛指；又因?yàn)閛pera以元音音素開頭，故填an。 5．will be　解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本句中的時(shí)間狀語“in 2020”可知，空處應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。 6．It　解析：考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用It指代the guideline。 7．investment　解析：考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用名詞作encourages的賓語。 8．with　解析：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中the most famous作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 9．a(chǎn)re listed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，京劇和昆劇被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，所以空處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又因?yàn)榇颂幟枋龅氖强陀^事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 10．cultural　解析：考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，故填cultural。 balance n．天平；平衡；余額 v．平衡；權(quán)衡 (1)keep the balance of nature 保持生態(tài)平衡 keep one’s balance 保持平衡 lose one’s balance 失去平衡 (2)balance sth.against 權(quán)衡；斟酌；比較 (3)balanced adj.保持(或顯示)平衡的 keep a balanced diet 保持飲食平衡 ①(教材原句)What will happen to you if you don’t eat a balanced diet? 假如你的飲食不均衡會(huì)怎么樣？ ②You have to_balance (balance) the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages. 你得權(quán)衡一下住在鄉(xiāng)下的好處和壞處。 ③(2015湖北卷)When he was running after his brother，the boy lost (lose) his balance and had a bad fall. 男孩在追他哥哥時(shí)，重重地摔了一跤。 ④單句語法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)He had the rare balance (balanced) of fun and passion(同情)． curiosity n．好奇心，求知欲 (1) (2) (3)curiously adv.好奇地；說來奇怪 ①(教材原句)Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. 王鵬受到好奇心的驅(qū)使，走了進(jìn)去。 ②It was curious (curiosity) that she didn’t tell anyone. 她沒有告訴任何人，這很奇怪。 ③He had great curiosity (curious) to know what was happening. 他極渴望知道發(fā)生了什么事。 lie n．謊話，謊言 vt.說謊；躺；位于 (1)lie 謊話；說謊 (2)lie 位于，躺 (3)lay 放；產(chǎn)卵 ①(2015湖北卷)There is no doubt that this candidate’s advantage lies (lie) in his ability to municate with foreigners in English. 毫無疑問，這位候選人的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于他能夠用英語和外國(guó)人交流。 ②It’s a sad fact of life：Lies are lies，and sometimes the truth can_lie (lie)as well. 讓人傷心的事實(shí)：謊言就是謊言，有時(shí)事實(shí)也撒謊。 原形 過去式 過去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞 詞義 詞性 lie lied lied lying 說謊 不及物 lie lay lain lying 躺，位于 不及物 lay laid laid laying 放置；下蛋 及物 ③The man lying (lie) there lied (lie) that he had_laid (lay) the money on the table. 躺在那里的那個(gè)人撒謊說他把錢放在桌子上了。 ④The boy lied (lie) that he lay (lie) in bed and laid (lay) a cock in a box and saw it laying (lay) an egg. 男孩撒謊說他躺在床上把公雞放在盒子里看著它下蛋。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)In fact, the key to easy morning wakeup lies (lie) in resetting your body clock. benefit vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益 n．好處，利益，優(yōu)勢(shì) (1)benefit from/by...從……受益，得益于…… benefit sb.對(duì)某人有益 (2)be of(much，great)benefit to sb.＝be beneficial to sb.對(duì)某人有益 for the benefit of sb.(＝for sb’s benefit) 為了……的利益 get benefit from 從……中受益 (3)beneficial adj.有利的；有裨益的；受益的 be beneficial to 對(duì)……有益 ①(教材原句)I don’t want to upset you，but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. 我并不想讓你心煩，不過我發(fā)現(xiàn)你菜譜上的菜太少了，所以我也就不著急了，我也開始宣傳我餐館的食物的好處。 ②It is said that yoga is of great benefit to/beneficial to/ benefits human health. 據(jù)說瑜珈對(duì)人體健康有很大益處。 ③語境填詞 I suggest you give up smoking for_the_benefit_of (為了……的利益) your health.I believe that giving up smoking will be_of_benefit/beneficial (對(duì)某人有益的) to you and it will also benefit (對(duì)某人有益的) your family a lot.In other words，your family will benefit_from (從……中受益) your stopping smoking.Especially heavy smokers will find the experience even more beneficial (有益的) to them. ④(2015福建卷)Another beneficial (benefit) aspect of group exercise is the informational support participants receive from the instructor. 小組活動(dòng)的另一有利方面就是參與者可以從指導(dǎo)者那里獲得一些信息上的支持。 ⑤單句語法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)We’re looking at the benefits (benefit) of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that. 【七選五】 In our fast world of phones，fax machines and puters，the oldfashioned art of letter writing is at risk of disappearing altogether. 1 There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents. Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.It probably began with the little notes I would write to my mother.My mother，also，always insisted I write my own thankyou letters for Christmas and birthday presents. 2 When I left home at 18 to train as a doctor in London，I would write once a week，and so would my mother.Occasionally my father would write and it was always a joy to receive his long，amusing letters. 3 Of course，we also made phone calls but it is the letters that I remember most. There were also letters from my boyfriends.In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter. 4 I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking. I love the letters that e with birthday or Christmas cards.Notes are appreciated，but how much better to have a years supply of news！And its better still when its an airmail envelope with beautiful stamps. 5 Like my mother before me，I insist they write their own thankyou letters.My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.I strongly urge readers not to allow letter writing to bee another“l(fā)ost art”． A．Poor handwriting can spoil(破壞)your enjoyment of a letter. B．We had been corresponding(通信)for 29 years but had never met. C．I am pleased that my children are carrying on the tradition. D．It didnt matter how short or untidy they were as long as they were letters. E．But instead of harming the relationships，letter writing seemed to improve them. F．Yet，to me，receiving a letter cannot be matched by any other form of munication. G．The letters from home contained just everyday events concerning my parents and their friends. 【語篇解讀】　本文主要介紹了作者對(duì)書信這種溝通方式的青睞和對(duì)書信藝術(shù)逐漸消失的擔(dān)憂。 1．F　[根據(jù)下句“There is the excitement of its arrival，the pleasure of seeing who it is from and，finally，the enjoyment of the contents.”可推知，收到信對(duì)作者來講是一件無比愉悅的事情，所以選F項(xiàng)。] 2．D　[根據(jù)本段第一句“Letter writing has been part of my life for as long as I can remember.”可知，書信是作者生活中不可或缺的一部分，對(duì)她來說，只要是信就好，無論多短或多不整潔，所以選D項(xiàng)。] 3．G　[根據(jù)上文可知，作者和父母通信，由此可推知，這些信都是關(guān)于父母的一些生活瑣事以及他們的朋友的狀況的，所以選G項(xiàng)。] 4．E　[根據(jù)下句“I found that I could often express myself more easily in writing than by talking.”可推知，此處應(yīng)描述書信溝通的優(yōu)勢(shì)，與上文的“In my youth I seemed to attract people who had to work or study away at some time and we were only able to stay in touch by letter.”呼應(yīng)，所以選E項(xiàng)。] 5．C　[根據(jù)下文的“My daughter writes to me little letters，just as I did to my mother.”可知，作者自己的孩子也像作者一樣繼承了寫信的傳統(tǒng)，所以選C項(xiàng)。] in debt 負(fù)債 be heavily/deeply in debt 債臺(tái)高筑 go/get/run/slip into debt 陷入債務(wù)之中 pay off one’s debts 償清債務(wù) be/stay out of debt 不負(fù)債；還清債務(wù) be in debt to sb.欠某人債 be in sb’s debt 欠某人的情；感激某人 ①(教材原句)He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. 他不希望由于餐館不受歡迎而負(fù)債。 ②He was (be) in debt when he was poor，but he has_been (be) out of debt since he got rich. 他窮的時(shí)候欠了債，但自從富裕后就擺脫了債務(wù)。 ③語境填詞 Mike had a large family to support，but he worked hard day and night and managed to stay out_of_debt (不負(fù)債)．However，his father fell seriously ill suddenly and Mike got/ran_into_debt (陷入債務(wù)之中) to save his father.When Mike felt helpless as he didn’t know how to pay_off_the_debt (還清債務(wù))，Mr.White offered him a good job to help him，so Mike often said to Mr.White，“I will always remember your kindness and I’m forever in_your_debt (欠某人的情)．” cut down 削減；刪節(jié)；砍倒；縮短 cut across 抄近路穿過 cut in 插嘴，插入 cut off 切斷(電，煤氣)，使……孤立，隔絕 cut out 刪除，停止 cut short 截短 cut up 切碎 cut through 鑿穿，剪斷；抄近路 ①(教材原句)In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. 這樣，他們減少了飯菜中脂肪的含量，增加了纖維素。 ②(2014陜西卷)My uncle hasn’t been able to quit smoking，but at least he has_cut (cut)down. 我叔叔一直不能戒煙，但是至少他已經(jīng)減少了吸煙的量。 ③I’d feel very cut_off (cut off) if I didn’t know what was happening in the world. 如果我不知道世界上發(fā)生了什么，我會(huì)感到與世隔絕。 【短文改錯(cuò)】 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be，however he never fails to show her care and consideration.Once I broke a neighbor window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what has happened.I could only tell him a truth.Instead of scold，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health and he also teaches me what to be a good citizen.How luckily I am to have such a good father! 【答案】　 My father is the man I respect most.Strict as he may be， he never fails to show care and consideration.Once I broke a window.Seeing nobody around，I ran away immediately.When Dad came home，he noticed my uneasiness and asked me what happened.I could only tell him truth.Instead of ，he praised my honesty and then encouraged me to apologize our neighbor.I learned from this incident that not only does Dad take care of my health he also teaches me to be a good citizen.How I am to have such a good father! 第一處：刪除however?？疾檫B詞。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，表語放句首時(shí)，從句倒裝，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，however多余。 第二處：her→his?？疾榇~。與上文人稱代詞he保持一致，可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞his。 第三處：neighbor→neighbors。考查名詞所有格形式。此處用名詞所有格形式作定語，修飾名詞window。 第四處：has→had。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。與asked呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，表示過去的過去。 第五處：a→the?？疾楣谠~。tell the truth為固定詞組搭配，符合語境，故用定冠詞the。 第六處：scold→scolding?？疾閯?dòng)名詞。介詞后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，故用動(dòng)名詞scolding作介詞of的賓語。 第七處：our前加to?？疾榻樵~。apologize to sb.意為“向某人道歉”，為固定詞組搭配，故用介詞to。 第八處：and→but?？疾檫B詞，not only...but also...意為“不但……而且……”，為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故用連詞but。 第九處：what→how。考查疑問詞。與teaches呼應(yīng)可知，此處表示方式，故用how。 第十處：luckily→lucky?？疾樾稳菰~。與I am呼應(yīng)可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞lucky作表語。 “Nothing_could_be_better，”he thought. 他想：“再?zèng)]有比這些更好吃的了?！? 句中的形容詞比較級(jí)與表示否定含義的不定代詞nothing連用，表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義。表示最高級(jí)意義的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)： (1)nothing(或no)＋so＋原級(jí)＋as.../nothing(或no)＋比較級(jí)＋than... (2)never＋比較級(jí) (3)比較級(jí)＋than＋ (4)can/could＋never/not＋...enough/too... ①Nothing is more (much) precious than health. 健康的身體是最寶貴的。 ②You can never be too careful in your work. 你工作再認(rèn)真小心也不為過。 ③What an interesting novel! I have never read (read) a more moving novel. ＝It’s the most moving novel that I have ever read. 多么有意思的小說！我從來沒看過比這更動(dòng)人的小說。(言外之意，這是最動(dòng)人的) ④It was not until then that I suddenly realized nobody was happier (happy) than I was. 直到那時(shí)我突然意識(shí)到?jīng)]有人比我更幸福了。 ⑤(2015湖南卷)As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better (good) than being praised by my teacher before my classmates. 作為一個(gè)學(xué)生，我可以告訴你沒有什么比被老師在全班同學(xué)面前表揚(yáng)一番便好的事了。 用比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)的含義，要注意把主語排除在比較范圍之外。如： This book is more interesting than any other book. 與任何別的書相比，這本書最有趣。 He could not have_Yong_Hui_getting_away_with telling people lies! 他可不能讓雍慧哄騙人們卻不受懲罰！ 句中have sb.doing sth.，意為“允許某人做某事”。 (1)have sb./sth.doing sth.讓某人做某事/讓某事發(fā)生(動(dòng)作持續(xù)) (2)have sb.do sth.使某人做某事(相當(dāng)于make sb.do sth.或get sb.to do sth.) (3)have/get sth.done 讓(別人)做某事 (4)have sth.to do 有……事要做 ①It is not a good idea to have the machine running (run) all the time. 讓機(jī)器不停地運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)不是個(gè)好主意。 ②Don’t be worried.I’ll have Tom help (help) you finish the work. 別擔(dān)心，我會(huì)讓湯姆幫你完成工作的。 ③She fell off her bike and had her leg broken (break)． 她從自行車上摔下來，摔斷了腿。 ④You’d better have your eyes examined (examine) tomorrow. 你明天最好去檢查一下眼睛。 (1)have sb.do sth.“使某人做某事”，不定式作賓補(bǔ)省略to，但被動(dòng)式不省。 (2)have sth.done 【閱讀理解】 Many wealthy and welltraveled people want a pletely new experience, but they dont necessarily want to give up luxury (奢華的) acmodations and service. The following vacations could be best choices. Cruise down the Amazon River Aqua Expeditions takes up to 32 passengers at a time on guided journeys of three, four, or seven days down the Amazon River. Those adventurers see forests and waterfalls, visit local fish markets, and take canoe trips. They also take in wildlife such as capuchin monkeys and river dolphins. Go Glamping in Montana The Resort at Paws Up located on a cattle ranch(牧場(chǎng)) is a standout in the type. The ranch rents homes with up to four bedrooms, but its the luxury tents that offer closer munion with the outdoors. Tents are arranged into camps, each of which has a private chef and butler, the latter of whom helps build campfires and arrange daytime activities. Guests can participate in a cattle drive, go clay shooting, take a hot air balloon trip, or ride horses. Climb inside a Volcano in Iceland Iceland is famous for its volcanoes and has plenty of luxury hotel options. Thrillseekers can actually go down into the dormant (休眠的), 700footdeep Thrihnukagigur, by using an open elevator. Take a helicopter if you want to skip the 2mile hike to the volcano, and arrange a private tour to avoid crowds. And visitors traveling there can enjoy the luxury hotel such as the ION Luxury Adventure Hotel and the Hotel Rang. 【文章大意】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了三個(gè)旅游項(xiàng)目。 1. What can adventurers do when traveling down the Amazon River? A．Enjoy individuallyguided tours. B．Travel with hot air balloons. C．Get a chance to see wildlife. D．Ride horses along the trail. 答案與解析：C　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“They also take in wildlife such as capuchin monkeys and river dolphins.”可知，沿著亞馬遜河旅游的人可以有機(jī)會(huì)觀看野生動(dòng)物，故選C。 2. At which place can guests enjoy food quite to their taste? A．Aqua Expeditions. B．The Resort at Paws Up. C．Thrihnukagigur. D．The Hotel Rang. 答案與解析：B　考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“each of which has a private chef and butler...”可知，在The Resort at Paws Up，每個(gè)營(yíng)地都配有私人廚師，由此可知，游客在這里可吃到非常符合自己口味的食物，故選B。 3．What do the three vacations have in mon? A．They are adventurous. B．They are animalcentered. C．They have luxury hotel options. D．They are intended for new travelers. 答案與解析：A考查推理判斷。第一個(gè)項(xiàng)目提到adventurers，第二個(gè)項(xiàng)目提到take a hot air balloon trip, or ride horses，第三個(gè)項(xiàng)目提到尋求刺激的人可以下到700英尺深的休眠火山中。故這三個(gè)項(xiàng)目的共同點(diǎn)就是：adventurous(驚險(xiǎn)的，刺激的)。