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Unit 5　The power of nature 【短文語法填空】 3-D printers 1.　　　　　　　　　(be) around us for some time.There is a lot you can do and imagine with a 3-D printer.Now add “building a house in a day” 2.　　　　　　 the list. A pany in China has 3.　　　　　　　(recent) used 3-D printers to make ten full-size houses in just 24 hours.And each of the houses covers an area of 200 square meters.These houses are printed with special “ink”4. has been made from industrial construction waste.The using of cheap material makes 5.　　　　　　 possible to print each house under $5,000.The CEO of the pany says,“They are both environmentally 6.　　　　　　　(friend) and cost-effective.”He plans to set up 100 recycling factories across China and continue 7.　　　　　　　(change) waste into cost-effective “ink” for 3-D printers.He also hopes his printers can be used to build tall 8.(build).However,at present,multi-storey 3-D printed buildings are not allowed in China.So it’s impossible that the 3-D printing technology will be 9.　　　　　　(wide) used to build homes any time soon.Maybe there is still 10.　　　　　　 long way to go. 答案 1.have been　2.to　3.recently　4.that/which　5.it 6.friendly　7.changing/to change　8.buildings　9.widely 10.a (對應學生用書P154) appoint vt.任命，委派；指定；約定 (1)appoint sb.as/to be...任命某人為…… appoint sb.to do sth.委派某人做某事 appoint a time/place for為……約定時間/地點 (2)appointment n．任命；約會 make/have/fix an appointment with sb.與某人預約 keep/break an appointment 守/違(失)約 ①(教材原句)I was appointed as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory(HVO)twenty years ago. 二十年前我被任命為火山學家，為夏威夷火山天文臺工作。 ②The time __appointed__ (appoint) for the meeting was 10：30 am. 規(guī)定開會的時間是上午10點30分。 ③Tom and John had made an __appointment__ (appoint) with the manager.Tom had arrived at the __appointed__ (appoint) time，while John had broken the __appointment__ (appoint) for some reason.Later，Tom __was appointed__ (appoint) as/to be a sales director. 湯姆和約翰與經理做好了約定。湯姆在定好的時間到達；而約翰卻由于某種原因失約。后來湯姆被任命為銷售部經理。 suit n．一套外衣；套裝vt. 適合；使適宜 (1)suit sb.適合某人 suit one’s needs 適合需要 (2)a suit of clothes 一套衣服 (3)suitable adj.適當的；相配的 be suitable for sb./sth.適合于某人/某物 be suitable to do sth.適合做某事 ①(教材原句)We had white protective suits that covered our whole body，helmets，big boots and special gloves. 我們都穿著白色的防護服遮住全身，戴上了頭盔和特別的手套，還穿了一雙大靴子。 ②It was really difficult to find a __suitable__ (suit) job，but I was lucky to get one because the manager thought I was suitable __for__ the work.I went to buy a black suit to wear in the office.But when I arrived at the office，the manager said the color __didn’t suit__ (not suit) me.How disappointed I was. 找到一份合適的工作的確是很難，但我很幸運的找到了，因為經理認為我適合這種工作。我去買了一套黑色的衣服在辦公室里穿。但當我到了辦公室的時候，經理說這種顏色不適合我。我是多么失望呀！ ③(2016全國卷Ⅲ)If not，let me know what time __suits__ (suit)you best. 如果不行的話，請讓我知道什么時候最適合你。 effort n．努力；努力的成果，成就 make an effort/efforts(to do sth.)努力(做某事) make every effort 盡一切努力 spare no effort 不遺余力 with(an)effort 費力地；使勁地 without effort 毫不費力地 in an effort/efforts to do sth.努力做某事 ①I know you don’t like her，but you could make an effort __to be__ (be)polite. 我知道你不喜歡她，但你要盡量禮貌些。 ②They’ve been working day and night __in__ an effort to get the bridge ready on time. 為了使橋能準時完工，他們一直夜以繼日地工作。 ③Despite all our __efforts__ (effort) we still lost the game. 盡管我們盡了全力，我們還是輸掉了比賽。 panic n．驚慌，恐慌vi.驚慌vt.使恐慌 (1) (2) ①(教材原句)I felt very nervous and had to force myself not to panic. 我非常緊張，不得不強迫自己不要驚慌。 ②The whole nation is __in__ a state of panic following the attacks. 襲擊過后整個國家一片恐慌。 ③The audience were thrown __into__ a panic when the fire started. 當起火時觀眾頓時陷入了一片慌亂中。 guarantee vt.保證；擔保n.保證；保證書 (1)guarantee against(from) 保證……不…… guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.向某人保證某事 guarantee to do sth.保證做某事 be guaranteed to do 肯定會做……，必定會做…… guarantee sth.(to be)．..保證某物是…… guarantee that...保證…… (2)under guarantee 在保修期內 give sb.a guarantee(that) 向某人保證…… ①(教材原句)Take this opportunity，and I guarantee you won’t regret it. 抓住這個機會吧，我保證你不會后悔的。 ②If you yell at him，he’s guaranteed __to do__ (do) the opposite of what you want. 如果你向他大喊大叫，他肯定會跟你對著干。 ③The car is less than a year old，so it is still __under__ guarantee. 這輛車還不到一年，因此還在保修期內。 ④單句語法填空(2017江蘇卷)__To guarantee__ (guarantee) its economic growth, China needs to deal with the population issue properly, as its workers are getting older. 【七選五】 ing facetoface with your inadequacies(缺點)can be painful，to say the least.__1__ It even makes you question yourself.Your kneejerk reaction may be to get defensive or even dismiss the critique entirely.But handling negative feedback with grace will not only make you look gracious，but it could ultimately help you grow as a person.Heres how to do it. 1．Be objective about the criticism Before you jump to conclusions and begin to challenge the other persons opinion，take a step back and look at it objectively. Next time you get a bad review，dont immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate.__2__ 2．Avoid unnecessary conflict If you decide that the point is valid，it may be hard to take.In your disfort，you may feel the urge to criticize the other person angrily and defend yourself.__3__ 3．Be open to the idea of change __4__ And it may be because of a concept called “cognitive dissonance” that can prevent us from changing even when thats what we need most. 4．Ask questions If youre open to using the criticism as a springboard to improvement，you will likely need more information.__5__ Your emotions will be running high，and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information.However，when you feel ready，it could be worth revisiting the subject with the person who criticized you.Even if you dont agree with their advice，thank them and promise to consider it. A．Most of us are pretty stubborn. B．There is no doubt that change is necessary. C．But its best to avoid getting into an argument. D．Being sensitive to criticism leads you nowhere. E．It challenges the way you believe people see you. F．Give yourself a chance to really take in the information and evaluate it. G．The initial moment you hear it may not be the best time to ask for more details. 【解題導語】聽到別人對你的批評也許會很痛苦，但是如果優(yōu)雅地處理這些問題，自己將變得更好。 1．E　根據空后一句話可知，空處與下一句是遞進關系，E項“這會挑戰(zhàn)你認為別人看待你的方式”，所以E項符合語境。 2．F　根據空前的“dont immediately allow your emotions to get the better of you，but rather，take a moment to consider whether the criticism is at all accurate”可知，空處應講給自己一個機會真正吸收這些信息并對其進行評估。故F項符合語境。 3．C　根據該段小標題“Avoid unnecessary conflict”可知，C項“但是最好避免陷入爭吵”符合語境。 4．A　根據空后的“And it may be because of a concept called‘cognitive dissonance’ that can prevent us from changing even when thats what we need most”及本段小標題可知，A項“我們大部分人都很倔強”符合語境。 5．G　根據空后的“Your emotions will be running high, and you may not be particularly receptive to extra information”并結合上文可知，空處應講最開始聽到批評時不適合問更多的細節(jié)，故G項符合語境。 make one’s way 前往；獲得成功 fight one’s way 奮力前進 feel one’s way 摸索前進 force one’s way 強行前進；擠出去 push one’s way 擠出來 take/go one’s way 我行我素 wind one’s way 蜿蜒前進 make way for 為……讓路 lead the way 領路 ①(教材原句)It was not easy to walk in these suits，but we slowly made our way to the edge of the crater and looked down into the red，boiling centre. 穿著這些衣服走起路來實在不容易，但我們還是緩緩往火山口的邊緣走去，并且向下看到了紅紅的沸騰的中央。 ②I’m glad that he __makes__ (make) his way in his career. 我很高興他在事業(yè)上有所進步． ③__Having felt__ (feel) his way through the forest，he __lost__ (lose) his way back home，only to find a river __winding__ (wind) its way down the hill. 摸索著穿過森林，他迷失了回家的路，僅發(fā)現一條小溪沿著山坡蜿蜒流下來。 vary from...to...由……到……不等 (1)vary in sth.(大小、形狀等)不同；有別 vary with 隨……變化；改變 vary between...and...從……到……轉變 (2)various adj.各種各樣的；多姿多彩的 (3)variety n．種種；多樣化 a variety of 種種 ①(教材原句)The height of the land varies from 700 metres above sea level to over 2,000 metres and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals. 這里地面的高度由海拔700米到2000多米不等，是多種多樣的珍稀動植物的生長地。 ②People vary very much __in__ their ideas. 人們在觀念方面大不相同。 ③The color of the leaves __varies__ (vary) with weather. 葉子的顏色隨著天氣而變化。 【短文改錯】 假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。 增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。 刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。 修改：在錯的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。 注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞； 2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。 (2018濰坊市高考模擬考試) Dear Sir/Madam， I have received the sneakers that I buy from your online shop.With the excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So I’m writing to inform you the problems. First，the color of the sneakers that I want are red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for them.That annoys me most is that there are several little stain on one of the sneakers.They really look awfully.If putting in my situation，how would you feel? Id like to change this pair for a new one and give me the money back. Looking forward to your early reply. Sincerely yours， Lin Ming 【答案】 Dear Sir/Madam， I have received the sneakers that I from your online shop.With excitement，I unwrapped the package but found something wrong with them.So I’m writing to inform you the problems. First，the color of the sneakers that I want red instead of black.Second，size 41 is too large for . annoys me most is that there are several little on one of the sneakers.They really look .If in my situation，how would you feel? Id like to change this pair for a new one give me the money back. Looking forward to your early reply. Sincerely yours， Lin Ming 第一處：考查動詞的時態(tài)。根據“I have received”可知，此處表示過去的事情，因此應用動詞的過去式。 第二處：考查固定搭配。with excitement是固定搭配，意為“懷著激動的心情”。 第三處：考查固定搭配。inform sb.of/about sth.是固定搭配，意為“通知某人某事”。 第四處：考查主謂一致。本句中，主語“the color of the sneakers that I want”的中心詞是“color”，因此謂語動詞應用單數。 第五處：考查代詞。根據語境可知，運動鞋是“我”買的，所以應是對于“我”來說41號太大了。 第六處：考查連詞。that雖然能夠引導主語從句，但不能在從句中充當成分。本句中的主語從句中缺少主語，因此不能用that來引導。名詞性從句中缺少主語、賓語、表語的時候，只能用what來引導。注意首字母大寫。 第七處：考查名詞復數?？蓴得~stain前面有“several”修飾，因此要用復數形式。 第八處：考查形容詞。句中的“l(fā)ook”屬于感官類動詞，在句子中的用法相當于系動詞，因此后面應用形容詞作表語。 第九處：考查動詞。If引導的是條件狀語從句，從句省略了主語“you”和be動詞完整形式為if you were put in my situation，故將putting改為put。 第十處：考查連詞。根據語境可知，“我”想要換一雙新的，或者給“我”退款。此處表示選擇關系，而非并列關系。 __It is said that__ this boy，who had a great gift for languages and persuasion，is the father of the Manchu people. 據說這個男孩就是滿族人的祖先，他具有語言天賦和很強的說服力。 It is said that...據說…… 句中的It是形式主語，它所代表的是后面that引導的主語從句。 (1)It is believed/reported/thought/supposed/hoped/expected that...據相信/報道/認為/推斷/希望/預計……＝People believe/report/think/suppose/hope/expect that...人們相信/報道/認為/推斷/希望/預計…… (2)It is known to all that...眾所周知…… ①The banks are widely __believed__ (believed) to be planning a cut in interest rates. 人們普遍認為銀行正在計劃降低利率。 ②__It__ is known to all that China is a country with a long history. ＝__As__ is known to all，China is a country with a long history. ＝__What__ is known to all is that China is a country with a long history. 眾所周知，中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。 ③It is said that a new shopping mall __was built__ (build) in the city the other day. →A new shopping mall is said to __have been built__ (build) in the city the other day. 據說幾天前一家新商場在該市落成了。 It is hoped that...可轉化為：“主語＋be＋過去分詞＋不定式”結構，其中不定式根據需要有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 ④It is said that he __has gone__ (go)abroad. ＝He is said __to have gone__ (go)abroad. 據說他出國了。 【閱讀理解】 If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life，new research may e as a shock. According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and non-joggers for 12 years. The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die. The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour. The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as non-joggers. The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(動脈).Over time，this can cause serious injuries. Peter Schnohr，a researcher in Copenhagen，said，“If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy，jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy. Anything more is not just unnecessary，and it may be harmful.” The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as tai chi，yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events，triathlons and long-distance running and cycling. According to Jacob Louis Marott，another researcher involved in the study，“You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health. And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much”. 1.The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph l is closest in meaning to“___________”. A. hard B. regular C. practical D. flexible 2.The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to ___________. A. suggest giving up jogging B. show risks of doing sports C. provide supportive evidence D. introduce the research process 3.According to the scientists，why is too much exercise harmful？ A. It may injure the heart and arteries. B. It can make the body tired out. C. It will bring much pressure. D. It consumes too much energy. 4.What can be inferred from the text? A. No exercise at all is the best choice. B. More exercise means a healthier life. C. Marathons runners are least likely to die. D. Proper exercise contributes to good health. 【文章大意】本文主要講述了做運動過多或過少都對身體有害，只有做適量的運動才對身體有益。 1.A 【解析】考查詞義推測。hard耗費體力的；regular有規(guī)律的；practical實際的；flexible靈活的。由第一段最后一句“According to a recent scientific study，people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all.”可知，一點不做運動的人和非常艱苦鍛煉的人都極有可能死，故應選A。 3.A 【解析】考查細節(jié)理解。由第二段倒數第二句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(動脈).”可知，做過多的運動有害是因為它可能傷害心臟和動脈，故應選A。 4.D 【解析】考查推理判斷。根據第三段可知，做運動過多或過少都對身體有害，只有做適量的運動才對身體有益，故應選D。