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Unit 2　Cloning 【短文語法填空】 The MidAutumn Festival in China has nothing, or at least very little, to do 1. autumn. It’s about time off work, and the gift that few seem to eat but people keep giving to one another：mooncakes. I 2. (learn) about mooncakes when I moved to China’s capital city, Beijing. When the MidAutumn Festival came around, the city was 3. (live) especially with shopping for mooncakes. Every grocery store seemed to have lines of people 4. (carry) that single item(商品) to the counter. I asked my Chinese friends about mooncakes, and 5. majority of them said that few people actually ate them. Instead，6. (regard) as gifts, they’re chosen for family, friends or coworkers. When years later I moved back to New York City, I didn’t expect to find any public 7. (celebrate) of the MidAutumn Festival. But I’ve been surprised at the ways the festival continues in at least the city’s 8. (heavy) Chinese neighborhoods. For weeks before the MidAutumn Festival, Brooklyn’s Chinatown，9. I live, looks a little like Beijing with people running in and out of Chinese bakeries, or standing in line at Chinese grocery stores to buy mooncakes. It looks like Chinese culture can 10. (preserve) while adapting to changing circumstances. 【解題導語】　本文是一篇記敘文。作者在北京居住時，發(fā)現(xiàn)中秋節(jié)前，盡管很少吃月餅，但人們?nèi)韵矚g買月餅送人。回到紐約后，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)紐約的中國人也這樣做。作者由此發(fā)出感慨：似乎中國文化在適應變化中的環(huán)境時能被保存下來。 1．with　解析：考查介詞。中國的中秋節(jié)和秋天沒有或者說幾乎沒有一點關系。它是關于休息和似乎很少人吃但是人們?nèi)匀换ハ噘浰偷亩Y物“月餅”的。 have nothing/something to do with...“和……無關/有關”，是固定搭配。 2．learned/learnt　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)。當我搬到中國的首都北京時，我了解了關于月餅的一些情況。主從句的動作幾乎是同時發(fā)生的，從句用了一般過去時，故主句也用一般過去時。 3．lively　解析：考查形容詞?？仗幾鞅碚Z，且意為“氣氛熱鬧的，熙熙攘攘的”，故用形容詞 lively。 4．carrying　解析：考查非謂語動詞。每個雜貨店似乎都排著隊伍，隊伍中滿是拿著月餅向柜臺走去的人。分析句子結構可知，people 后是非謂語動詞作定語，people 與 carry 之間是主謂關系，且此處表示動作正在進行，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。 5．the　解析：考查冠詞。the majority of 是固定搭配，意為“……中的大多數(shù)”，故填the。 6．regarded　解析：考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知， as gifts 作狀語，根據(jù)固定搭配 be regarded as “被視為……”和 they(指代 mooncakes) 與 regard 之間的動賓關系可知，此處應該用過去分詞作狀語。 7．celebration(s)　解析：考查名詞。根據(jù)空前的any public 和空后的 of 可知，空處應該填名詞 celebration(s)“慶?；顒印?。 8．heavily　解析：考查副詞。此處表示“至少在這個城市有大量中國人的社區(qū)”?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~Chinese，且表示“大量地，在很大程度上”，故用副詞 heavily。 9．where　解析：考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，空處引導非限制性定語從句，先行詞是 Brooklyn’s Chinatown，表示地點，關系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用 where。 10．be preserved　解析：考查動詞的語態(tài)。似乎中國文化在適應變化中的環(huán)境時能被保存下來。 preserve “保存，保留”，是及物動詞，故此處用被動語態(tài)。 object vi.反對；不贊成 n．物體；目標 (1)object to(sb./sth.)反對(某人/某事) object to doing sth.反對做某事 (2)objection n．不贊成；反對；異議 have/take/make an objection to(doing)sth.對(做)某事表示反對 raise an objection to sth.對某事提出異議 (3)objective adj.真實的，客觀的，無偏見的 ①We object to __being treated__ (treat) like this. 我們抗議這種待遇。 ②Have you any objection to my __asking__ (ask) a private question? 我問你一個私人問題你反對嗎？ object表示“反對”時，為不及物動詞，加賓語時需加介詞to，而oppose表示“反對”時，為及物動詞，可直接加賓語。 undertake vt.(undertook，undertaken)著手；從事；承擔；負責 undertake a task 承擔任務 undertake an attack 發(fā)動進攻 undertake to do sth.答應，同意做某事 undertake for...為……負責 undertake thatclause保證…… ①He undertook __to be__ (be) here at ten o’clock. 他答應十點鐘到這兒來。 ②I want you __to undertake__ (undertake) all the responsibility. 我要你承擔所有的責任。 ③Those reforms (which are) __being undertaken__ (undertake) currently are of great importance to the future development of the pany. 公司目前正在進行的這些改革對于公司未來的發(fā)展非常重要。 forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden，forbidding)禁止，不準，不許 forbid sb.to do sth.＝forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth.禁止做某事 forbid sb.sth.禁止某人某事 forbid＋that 從句 禁止…… ①(2016上海卷)The research suggests that walking should __be forbidden__ (forbid) on escalators that are at least 18.5m in height. 研究表明應該禁止在高達18.5米多的電梯上行走。 ②The school forbids the students __to smoke/from smoking__ (smoke)． 學校禁止學生吸煙。 ③He __forbade__ (forbid) me __from__ smoking in the office.He said the law forbids __smoking__ (smoke) in public places.He also said he would forbid me __to leave__ (leave) unless I apologized for what I had done. 他禁止我在辦公室里抽煙。他說法律禁止在公共場所吸煙。他還說如果我不為所做的事情道歉的話他就不許我離開。 forbid后面不能直接跟動詞不定式作賓語，而是跟動名詞作賓語，但可以用forbid sb.to do sth.。 類似動詞結構： allow/permit/advise/want sb.to do sth. allow/permit/advise/admit doing sth. owe vt.欠(賬、錢、人情等)；歸功于……，應感謝 (1) (2)owing to＝because of “因為，由于”，后接名詞、代詞、動名詞作賓語，構成介詞短語，表原因。 ①(教材原句)You owe the lady an apology. 你必須向這位女士道歉。 ②These early settlers owed their survival __to__ hard work and determination to succeed. 這些早期移民把他們的幸存歸功于艱苦勞動和追求成功的決心。 ③Was it __owing__ (owe) to bad weather that they had to change the schedule of leaving? 當時是由于天氣惡劣，他們才不得不改變離開的時間的嗎？ 【七選五】 Being Refreshed without Sleeping Sometimes there is just not enough hours in the day to get everything done and get a good nights rest.__1__ Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities. ●__2__ The last thing you want to do when you are tired is get warm and cosy；this will cause you to fall asleep.Keeping the air conditioner on will make you feel much more awake and refreshed. ●Eat small amounts.Eating small amounts of healthy food will help refresh you.Fruit and nuts are a good choice because they are nutritious and will energize you.__3__ Try to stick to lowcarb meals to keep you going.Chewing gum after your small meal will also help keep you awake. ●Keep it bright.When it is dark your body thinks it is time to go to sleep.Turn on lots of lights，which will trick your body into waking up and feeling better.__4__ You get double the benefits if it is daytime. ●Take a break.Taking a little break will help you in the long run, Turn up some energizing music to get yourself positive.Relax and talk to a friend in person or on the phone for a few minutes.__5__ A．Keep it cool. B．Calm down and sleep. C．Avoid big，heavy meals as they will make you tired. D．Go outside whether it is day or night for some fresh air. E．Missing sleep regularly can make you sick and should be avoided. F．When you are tired，you may just want to sit around and do nothing. G．Having a good time for a few minutes will refresh you quicker than anything else. 【解題導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾種在沒有睡覺的情況下恢復精神的方法。 難句分析：Once in a while you can get away with a sleepless night and still feel reasonably good by adjusting your meals and activities.(第一段最后一句) 譯文：你可以偶爾一個晚上不睡覺，通過調(diào)整飲食和活動，感覺也仍然很好。 詞匯積累：adjust v．調(diào)整，適應　nutrition n．營養(yǎng)　energize v．使充滿活力　positive adj.積極的，樂觀的 1．E　根據(jù)上一句內(nèi)容可知，有時白天沒有足夠的時間完成所有的事情，晚上也不能好好休息。E項“經(jīng)常失眠可能會讓你生病，所以要避免”承接上文內(nèi)容，符合語境。故選E。 2．A　空格處是本段的中心句。根據(jù)本段最后一句可知，開著空調(diào)會讓你覺得更加清醒、精神振作。A項“保持涼爽”與之呼應，能概括本段內(nèi)容。故選A。 3．C　根據(jù)下一句中的“stick to lowcarb meals”可知，C項中的“Avoid big, heavy meals”與之相照應，即“不要吃太多，因為它們會使你很累”。故選C。 4．D　空格下一句提到在白天會事半功倍。D項“不管是白天還是夜晚去外面呼吸新鮮的空氣”與下文銜接緊密，符合語境。故選D。 5．G　根據(jù)本段的中心句“Take a break.”和空格上一句中的“for a few minutes”可知，D項中的“Having a good time for a few minutes”與之照應。故選G。 pay off 得到好結果；取得成功；償清 pay sb.for sth.＝pay sth.to sb.for sth.付錢給某人作為……的費用 pay for sth.為某事吃苦頭或受懲罰；花錢買某物 pay back 還錢；報復 pay out (為某事)付出大筆款項 pay up (尤指不情愿地或遲遲地)付清欠款 pay attention to 注意 pay a visit to 訪問 ①John studied hard before the examination，and it paid __off__.He made an A. 約翰在考試前努力學習，這沒有白費，他得了個A。 ②That I can pay __back__ the help people give me makes me happy. 能夠回報人們給我的幫助讓我感到很開心。 ③He paid the doctor and paid __for__ his medicine，too. 他酬謝了醫(yī)生，并付了買藥的錢。 in good/poor condition 狀況很好/壞；情況很好/壞 out of condition 健康狀況欠佳 working/living/studying conditions 工作/生活/學習環(huán)境 on condition(that)．..在……條件下；假如…… on no condition 一點也不；決不 ①I don’t care about the price as long as the car is __in__ good condition. 只要汽車狀況好，我不介意價格。 ②They agreed to lend us the car __on__ condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他們同意把車借給我們，條件是我們必須在周末前歸還。 ③On no condition __should__ (shall) you tell them what happened. 你決不應該告訴他們發(fā)生了什么事。 【短文改錯】 Challenges of life are of great importance in our grow.They remind me my days in senior high school which I joined in the military training.It was the first time I have lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict in me.I once thought I couldnt stick to the end.But anyway，I was succeeded.The trials made it much easy for me to adapt to life，but the difficulties I came across have now bee a precious memory in my life.In short，learning to regard the challenges of life as the stepping stone to future success and make the best of them. 【答案】 Challenges of life are of great importance in our .They remind me my days in senior high school I joined in the military training.It was the first time I lived away from my home，so I found it difficult to fit in.And the training officer was strict me.I once thought I couldnt stick to the end.But anyway，I succeeded.The trials made it much for me to adapt to life， the difficulties I came across have now bee a precious memory in my life.In short， to regard the challenges of life as stepping stone to future success and make the best of them. 第一處：grow改為growth?？疾槊~。根據(jù)空前的形容詞性物主代詞our可知，應將grow改為growth。 第二處：在me后加of?？疾楣潭ù钆?。此處remind sb.of sth.意為“使某人想起某事”，為固定搭配。 第三處：which改為when?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。分析句子結構可知，senior high school后為定語從句，先行詞為days且從句中不缺少成分，故應將which改為when，在句中作時間狀語。 第四處：have改為had?？疾闀r態(tài)。在It was the first time(that)句型中，從句中謂語動詞用過去完成時，故將have改為had。 第五處：in改為with?？疾楣潭ù钆?。此處be strict with sb.意為“對某人嚴格”，為固定搭配。 第六處：刪除was?？疾檎Z態(tài)。此處succeed為不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)，故將was刪除。 第七處：easy改為easier?？疾樾稳菰~比較級。根據(jù)語境及句中much可知，此處表示更加容易，故用形容詞比較級。 第八處：but改為and?？疾檫B詞。根據(jù)語境可知，上下文之間是順承關系，故將but改為and。 第九處：learning改為learn。考查祈使句。分析句子結構可知，此處是一個祈使句，與下文中的“make the best of them”構成并列結構，故將learning改為learn。 第十處：the改為a。考查冠詞。此處表示一個墊腳石，表示泛指，且stepping的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭，故將the改為a。 The fact __that she seemed to develop normal__ was very encouraging. 看來多莉是在正常地成長著，這很令人鼓舞。 此句中that引導的從句為同位語從句，對fact進行解釋說明，that僅起連接詞的作用，無意義，不能省略。 同位語從句常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，wish，promise，answer，evidence，report，explanation，suggestion，conclusion等抽象名詞后面，解釋說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。換言之，同位語從句和所修飾的名詞在內(nèi)容上為同一關系，對其內(nèi)容進行解釋或說明。同位語從句一般用that，whether，who，when，where，why，how等詞引導。 ①I have no idea __where__ the new library will be built. 我不知道新圖書館將要建在哪里。 ②The suggestion came from the chairman __that__ the new rule(should)be adopted. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。 引導詞that引導定語從句時，在從句中一般作主語或賓語(指物時還可以用which代替)，并且作賓語時常常省略。that在同位語從句中僅起連接作用，不充當任何成分，并且不能省略，也不能用which來代替。 ③The question __whether__ we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我們是否該繼續(xù)實驗的問題還沒有被解決。 ④The news __that__ our football team had won the match was encouraging.(同位語從句，不缺成分) 我們足球隊贏了比賽的消息令人鼓舞。 【閱讀理解】 Golden Gate Bridge Located in San Francisco, the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County. It was finally thrown open to public in 1937. It cost more than $35 million in the construction. Till the year 1957, the Golden Gate Bridge, at a length of 2,737 meters, was the longest suspension bridge in the world. Brooklyn Bridge The Brooklyn Bridge is located in Brooklyn. It is one of the oldest bridges in the United States, opened in the year 1883. The length of the bridge is 1,825 meters. The bridge has been featured in several Hollywood movies. George Washington Bridge Also known as the Hudson River Bridge, the George Washington Bridge which connects Fort Lee to Manhattan came into use in 1931 after a construction period of almost 4 years. It is a twolevel suspension bridge. Mackinac Bridge This is the third biggest suspension bridge in the world at a length of 8,038 meters. The architect of this bridge was Dr. David B．Steinman who directed the construction of the bridge which started in the year 1954 and opened to the public in 1957. People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money. Navajo Bridge Located in Arizona, this bridge crosses the Colorado River and is almost 250 meters long. The construction of this bridge started in the year 1927, ending two years later, costing $390,000. In the 1990s a second bridge was built which was opened to the public in 1995. The first bridge is still used by pedestrians now. 【文章大意】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了美國五座著名的大橋。 1．What do we know about the Golden Gate Bridge? A．It consists of two bridges. B．It costs the least of the five bridges. C．It is the longest suspension bridge in the world. D．It takes about 4 years to plete the construction. 答案與解析：D考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“the Golden Gate Bridge started in the year 1933 to connect the San Francisco Peninsula with Marin County.It was finally thrown open to public in 1937.”可推知，金門大橋的建筑時間約有四年，故D項正確。 2．Which of the following bridges was built the earliest? A．Golden Gate Bridge. B．Brooklyn Bridge. C．George Washington Bridge. D．Navajo Bridge. 答案與解析：B考查細節(jié)理解。由題干關鍵詞“was built the earliest”定位到每座大橋的建筑時間；根據(jù)文中各座大橋的建筑時間可知，布魯克林大橋是最古老的大橋，故B項正確。 3．What will you do if you drive across Mackinac Bridge? A．Have to pay some money. B．Use the second bridge. C．Cover nearly 250 meters. D．See the statue of Dr. David B．Steinman. 答案與解析：A考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段尾句“People using this bridge are charged a certain amount of money.”可知，使用麥基諾大橋的人會被收取一定量的錢，故A項正確。