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Unit 4　Wildlife protection 【短文語法填空】 Recent months have seen a return of bikes across China. With an increasing number of people choosing cycling instead of 1. (drive) to schools, to workplaces or to do sightseeing, the introduction of bikesharing programs has brought the trend to a new level. The bikes 2. (equip) with GPS and can be left anywhere in public for the next user.They’re popular among many Chinese people as they provide 3. effective solution in places 4. it’s difficult to change from one kind of transport to another. Bikesharing is a 5. (green) method of transportation and 6. (provide) a more friendly experience. However, the programs have also led to problems such as 7. (legal) parking, deliberate(蓄意的) damage and theft. To deal with these problems, the pany came up with the idea of encouraging people 8. (return) the bikes to stations 9. rewarding free time for their next rides.Now, Chinese service operators are also trying to address these problems, too. For example, Mobike sets a 100point credit score for each user, with 10. (point) taken in the case of bad behavior. Once a score drops below 80, the bike rental is increased to 100 yuan per 30 minutes, up from 0.5－1 yuan. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了共享單車在國內(nèi)的興起和發(fā)展情況。共享單車受到了大眾的歡迎，但是也帶來了很多問題。為了解決這些問題，經(jīng)營共享單車的公司也采取了一些措施。 1．driving　解析：考查非謂語動詞。越來越多的人選擇騎自行車而不是開車到學(xué)校、工作場所或去觀光。根據(jù)空前的介詞 of 可知，空處應(yīng)用動詞ing形式，故用driving。 2．a(chǎn)re equipped　解析：考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。這些自行車裝配了GPS，可以被停在公共場合的任何地方留給下一個用戶。此處是客觀性描述，且The bikes和equip之間是被動關(guān)系，故填are equipped。 3．a(chǎn)n　解析：考查冠詞。該處指“一種有效的解決方法”，表示泛指；effective的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故填an。 4．where　解析：考查定語從句。它們受到許多中國人的歡迎，因為它們在難以從一種交通工具轉(zhuǎn)變到另一種交通工具的地方提供了一種有效的解決辦法。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該句為定語從句，句中places 為先行詞，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點狀語，故用where 引導(dǎo)該定語從句。 5．greener　解析：考查形容詞的比較級。共享單車是一種更綠色的交通方式。根據(jù)本句中的“more friendly”可知，本空應(yīng)用比較級形式與之構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系。故填greener。 6．provides　解析：考查主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語是Bikesharing，且由本句中的“is”可知，空處應(yīng)用動詞provide 的單數(shù)形式，故填provides。 7．illegal　解析：考查形容詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指非法停車。故填illegal，意為“非法的”。 8．to return　解析：考查非謂語動詞。encourage sb. to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“鼓勵某人做某事”。故填to return。 9．by　解析： 考查介詞。為了解決這些問題，公司提出了一種想法，通過獎勵人們下一次免費騎車的時間，鼓勵他們將自行車送回車站。根據(jù)語境可知，空處應(yīng)用by表示方式。 10．points　解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。摩拜公司為每個用戶設(shè)置了100分的信用評分，如有不良行為就減分。point 在此處為可數(shù)名詞，且其前沒有限定詞修飾，故填points。 一．高考單詞→識記思考運用 1．核心詞匯 ①contain vt.包含；容納；容忍 ②appreciate vt.鑒賞；感激；意識到 ③succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；繼任 ④hunt vt. & vi.打獵；獵??；搜尋 ⑤inspect vt.檢查；視察 ⑥mercy n．仁慈；寬??；憐憫 merciful adj.仁慈的；慈悲的；寬容的 merciless adj.殘忍的 ⑦affect vt.影響；感動；侵襲 effect n．影響 ⑧employ vt.雇用；利用時間、精力等 employee n．雇員，雇工 employer n．雇主 employment n．雇用；使用；就業(yè) ⑨harm n. & vt.損害；危害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.無害的 ⑩respond vi.回答；響應(yīng)；做出反應(yīng) response n．回答；響應(yīng) 2．常考詞匯 ①importance n．重要性 ②attention n．注意；關(guān)注；注意力 ③bite vt. & vi.叮；咬；刺痛 ④decrease vi. & vt.減少；使變小或變少 ⑤certain adj.確定的；某一；一定 ⑥powerful adj.強大的；有力的 ⑦secure adj.安全的；可靠的 ⑧l(xiāng)oss n．損失；遺失；喪失 lose v．損失 lost adj.消失的 ⑨ending n．結(jié)局；結(jié)尾 end n. & v．結(jié)束 ⑩distant adj.遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的 distance n．遠(yuǎn)方 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Now, I appreciate (appreciation) the silence and the new way of munication it opens.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to_secure (secure) success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task.(2017北京卷) 3．While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have_decreased (decrease)．(2017江蘇卷) 4．This trend, which was started by the medical munity (醫(yī)學(xué)界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical munity was trying to fight.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 5．Risktakers were better at hunting (hunt), fighting, or exploring.(2016北京卷) 6．Whatever it is, make sure it’s a relief (relieve) from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 7．This certainly (certain) makes my own views clearer.(2016江蘇卷) 8．You should take a step back and identify(識別) those of greater and less importance(important)．(2016全國卷Ⅱ) 9．If we know that gossip can be harmful (harm), then why do so many of us do it？(2016浙江卷) 10．There are many powerful (power) people in their life and work.(2016四川卷) ?“雇用”家族 ①employ vt.雇用；利用時間、精力等 ②hire v. & n．租用，雇用 ③engage v．雇用，聘請 ④take on雇用，承擔(dān) ⑤on hire雇用，出租 ?后綴ful構(gòu)成的必備形容詞 ①beautiful漂亮的 ②careful小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的 ③doubtful懷疑的，疑惑的 ④faithful守信的 ⑤forgetful健忘的 ⑥helpful有幫助的 ⑦h(yuǎn)opeful充滿希望的 ⑧skillful熟練的 ⑨successful成功的 ⑩wonderful精彩的 ?詞形相近詞對比記 ①inspect vt.檢查；視察 ②aspect n．樣子；外表；方面 ③respect n. & vt.尊敬；敬重 ④suspect vt.懷疑 ⑤expect vt.預(yù)料；盼望；認(rèn)為 ?“職場”高頻動詞集錦 ①employ雇用 ②appoint任命 ③fire開除 ④resign辭職 ⑤interview面試 ⑥r(nóng)etire退休 【完形填空】 Make Good Memories My husband Bills Grandma was in a nursing home when we moved back to Michigan.Grandma had been unable to walk for quite some time；now her eyesight was almost gone. Over the years Grandma and I had __1__ many cards and letters.I knew how she enjoyed __2__ in touch with people.Grandma would have me write letters to go in the cards she would send.And she would always have me __3__ what I had written back to her.Grandma didnt have a problem with hearing then __4__ she was always telling me，“That is not __5__ how I said that！” I would then rewrite whatever I wrote in her exact words. Since I had some __6__ time before Christmas，I asked Grandma if she would like to send __7__ some Christmas cards.Grandma readily __8__.I rounded up several different kinds of cards.I knew she had friends and family who all had different __9__.I would take each card and __10__ in detail the front of the card，then I would read the words inside.After __11__ it over Grandma would tell me who she thought would like __12__ card. After a while I __13__ and I noticed that we had several nursing home __14__ standing in the doorway.I started to notice as I read each card，the __15__ on their faces and Grandmas face，too.Each one had a __16__ smile and a faraway look in their eyes，as they were seeing the scenes in their minds eye. I thought when I went over to do the Christmas __17__ I would be doing Grandma a favor，but it __18__ that she did me a big favor.Ill always __19__ this special memory of bringing some Christmas joy and pleasant __20__ to Grandma and her fellow residents. 1．A.exchanged B．changed C．traded D．switched 2．A.settling B．losing C．staying D．getting 3．A.write B．discover C．translate D．read 4．A.when B．because C．while D．though 5．A.carefully B．truthfully C．specially D．exactly 6．A.extra B．flying C．essential D．valuable 7．A.for B．up C．out D．a(chǎn)way 8．A.acknowledged B．a(chǎn)greed C．a(chǎn)dmitted D．rejected 9．A.addresses B．a(chǎn)dvantages C．occupations D．interests 10．A.describe B．municate C．distinguish D．ignore 11．A.talking B．turning C．taking D．thinking 12．A.another B．each C．one D．other 13．A.looked down B．looked over C．looked up D．looked through 14．A.immigrants B．visitors C．patients D．residents 15．A.attention B．look C．glance D．sight 16．A.gentle B．rough C．forced D．whispered 17．A.trees B．jobs C．decorations D．cards 18．A.turned over B．turned out C．came over D．left out 19．A.treasure B．a(chǎn)dmire C．encourage D．recognize 20．A.stories B．faces C．memories D．letters 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。有一年，在圣誕節(jié)前夕，作者去幫助丈夫的奶奶做圣誕賀卡，但是在這一過程中作者卻得到了莫大的幫助。 1．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“交換”；B項意為“改變”；C項意為“交易”；D項意為“轉(zhuǎn)換”。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可判斷出，這些年來，作者和丈夫的奶奶兩人之間互相贈送卡片和信件，即交換了很多卡片和信件。故選A。 2．C　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“解決”；B項意為“失去”；C項意為“保持”；D項意為“得到”。根據(jù)下文中丈夫的奶奶常給一些人贈送卡片可判斷出，她喜歡和人們保持聯(lián)系。故選C。 3．D　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“寫”；B項意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；C項意為“翻譯”； D項意為“讀”。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“now her eyesight was almost gone”以及此空格后下一句的描述可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶讓作者讀一下她讓作者所寫的那些話。故選D。 4．B　考查連詞辨析。根據(jù)下文中的“Thats not...how I said that！”可知，丈夫的奶奶的聽力是沒有問題的。此處應(yīng)用because引導(dǎo)這個原因狀語從句。故選B。 5．D　考查副詞辨析。A項意為“細(xì)心地”；B項意為“誠實地”；C項意為“專門地”；D項意為“精確地，準(zhǔn)確地”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指丈夫的奶奶常說作者所寫的跟她所說的并不完全一樣。故選D。 6．A　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“額外的”；B項意為“飛行的”；C項意為“必要的”；D項意為“值錢的，寶貴的”。由下文中的“I asked Grandma if she would like to send”可知，此處指在圣誕節(jié)前夕作者有些空閑時間。故選A。 7．C　考查介詞辨析。四個選項皆可與空格前的“send”構(gòu)成短語：send for意為“派人去叫”；send up意為“發(fā)射，使上升”；send out意為“分發(fā)，發(fā)送”； send away意為“解雇”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指是否需要幫助丈夫的奶奶分發(fā)賀卡。故選C。 8．B　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“承認(rèn)”；B項意為“同意”；C項意為“承認(rèn)”；D項意為“拒絕”。根據(jù)下文“I rounded up several different kinds of cards.”可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶同意了作者的提議。故選B。 9．D　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“地址”；B項意為“優(yōu)勢”；C項意為“職業(yè)”；D項意為“興趣”。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶的那些朋友和親人有不同的興趣，所以給他們送賀卡時要根據(jù)他們的興趣來送。故選D。 10．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“描述”；B項意為“交流”；C項意為“區(qū)分”；D項意為“忽視”。語境表示，每拿起一張賀卡，作者就會向丈夫的奶奶詳細(xì)描述賀卡封面上的內(nèi)容。故選A。 11．D　考查動詞辨析。四個選項皆可與后面的“over”構(gòu)成短語：talk over意為“詳細(xì)地商議”；turn over意為“使翻轉(zhuǎn)”；take over意為“接管”；think over意為“仔細(xì)考慮”。根據(jù)常識可判斷出，丈夫的奶奶應(yīng)該是經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮后告訴作者哪個人會喜歡哪一張賀卡。故選D。 12．B　考查限定詞辨析。根據(jù)本段第五句中的“each card”可判斷出，此處指哪個人會喜歡哪一張賀卡，此處應(yīng)用each。故選B。 13．C　考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“向下看”；B項意為“檢查”；C項意為“抬頭看”；D項意為“瀏覽”。根據(jù)下文中的“I noticed that”可判斷出，作者應(yīng)該是抬頭看到了門口的幾個人。故選C。 14．D　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“移民”；B項意為“參觀者”；C項意為“病人”；D項意為“居民”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指作者看到了幾位住在養(yǎng)老院的人站在門口。故選D。 15．B　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“注意力”；B項意為“表情，神情”；C項意為“一瞥”；D項意為“視力”。根據(jù)下一句中的“smile”和“a faraway look”可判斷出，作者應(yīng)該是看了看那些人臉上的神情。故選B。 16．A　考查形容詞辨析。A項意為“溫和的”；B項意為“粗糙的”；C項意為“被迫的”；D項意為“低語的”。根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系可判斷出，每個人臉上都有很溫和的笑容。故選A。 17．D　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“樹”；B項意為“工作”；C項意為“裝飾”；D項意為“卡片”。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“some Christmas cards”可判斷出，作者本想去幫助丈夫的奶奶做圣誕賀卡。故選D。 18．B　考查動詞短語辨析。A項意為“使翻轉(zhuǎn)”；B項意為“結(jié)果是”；C項意為“突然感到”；D項意為“不包括”。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指結(jié)果卻是丈夫的奶奶幫助了作者。故選B。 19．A　考查動詞辨析。A項意為“珍視”；B項意為“欽佩”；C項意為“鼓勵”；D項意為“認(rèn)出”。語境表示，作者會一直珍視這種能給圣誕節(jié)帶來快樂的特別回憶。故選A。 20．C　考查名詞辨析。A項意為“故事”；B項意為“臉”；C項意為“記憶”，D項意為“信”。根據(jù)上文中的“this special memory”及文章標(biāo)題可知，此處指對丈夫的奶奶以及她那些朋友的美好回憶。故選C。 二．重點短語→識記思考運用 1．動詞＋名詞＋介詞 ①pay attention to注意 ②do harm to對……有害 ③protect...from保護……不受……(危害) 2．介詞＋名詞 ①in peace和平地；和睦地；安詳?shù)? ②in danger (of)在危險中；垂危 ③in relief如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣 ④without mercy毫不憐憫地 3．其他形式 ①die out滅亡；逐漸消失 ②according to按照；根據(jù)……所說 ③so that以至于；結(jié)果；為了 ④burst into laughter突然笑起來；大聲笑了出來 ⑤e into being形成；產(chǎn)生 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Then lay the tube in place so_that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up－and out—the side of the hole.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 2．Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according_to Robert Mann, an airline industry expert.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 3．California condors(兀鷹) attract researchers’ interest because they almost died_out in the 1980s.(2016北京卷) 4．Though he was at the edge of the cliff, he did not sense he was in_danger. 5．We don’t exactly know when the universe came_into_being. ?“動詞＋out”短語薈萃 ①hold out堅持下去 ②set out出發(fā)，著手，擺放 ③make out理解，看清楚 ④e out出版，出來 ⑤cut out刪去，切斷 ⑥take out取出，去掉 ?“e into＋n.”短語一覽 ①e into power開始執(zhí)政 ②e into effect/force開始生效，開始實行 ③e into existence形成，產(chǎn)生，開始存在 ④e into operation開始運轉(zhuǎn)，實施，生效 ⑤e into use開始使用 ⑥e into being形成；產(chǎn)生 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests. 這體現(xiàn)了野生動植物保護的重要性，不過，我還是想按照世界野生生物基金會的建議來幫助你們。 as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句，意為“按照……像……那樣”。suggest在此處意為“建議”。 我們應(yīng)該按照該組織的建議來保護這一地區(qū)的珍稀動物。 We should protect the rare animals in this area as_the_organization_suggests. 2.They learned this from the way the bones were joined together. 他們是根據(jù)(恐龍)骨骼的連接方式了解到這一點的。 the way是先行詞，后跟省略了 that/in which的定語從句。 世界上很多國家的人們對日本人獵殺海豚的方式感到憤慨。 The people in many countries in the world are angry with the_way_the_Japanese_kill the dolphins. 3.This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there are very few left. 這是紅髯猴的唯一的家園，但是現(xiàn)在所剩無幾了。 “there are very few left”是 there be 句型，其中l(wèi)eft作 few的定語。 我們學(xué)校的報紙上有一個欄目叫“外國文化”。 In the newspaper of our school there_is_a_column_called “Foreign Cultures”. 【七選五】 Youre growing up.That means youre probably experiencing lots of changes，all at once.Your body is changing.It might even seem as if your entire self is changing.It can be confusing and even scary. 1 And its good! Growing up means that you can do more，learn more，and start to make your mark on the world.In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow.Hormone levels change constantly，rising and falling. 2 But its partly to blame for intense emotions，surprising reactions，and mood swings. Because of the way your brain develops，it is somewhat ruled by emotions now and through your teen years.As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster！ 3 ●Take care of yourself.If you eat right，sleep enough，and get good exercise，your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress. ● 4 When you feel your moods swinging or youre upset，or confused，some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer. ●Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. 5 Plus，when stuff happens during the day，youll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react.Your body is changing. A．Take a timeout. B．But the truth is，it happens to every teen. C．Work out regularly to keep physically fit. D．This changing is needed for your bodys development. E．It will help you fall asleep—and start the morning right. F．Here are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother. G．Usually，these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了青少年如何應(yīng)對成長過程中的一些變化。 1．B　[由空前的“confusing and even scary”和空后的“good”可知，空處在這里起承上啟下的作用，所以選B項。] 2．D　[由空前一句可知，荷爾蒙的水平一直在不斷地改變，忽高忽低；D項中的“This changing”與空前的“change”相對應(yīng)，所以選D項。] 3．F　[空前的“an emotional roller coaster”與F項中的“make the ride smoother”相對應(yīng)，且由下文列舉的幾個要點可知，F(xiàn)項符合文意。] 4．A　[由本段中的“一些安靜的時間將使你集中精神，安靜下來”可知，A項正確。] 5．E　[空前的“Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing”與E項中的“It”對應(yīng)，空前的“when you wake up”與E項的“start the morning right”對應(yīng)；空前的“when you go to bed”與E項的“fall asleep”對應(yīng)。所以選E項。]