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1、 第2講　寫作常見的3類錯(cuò)誤及防范措施 改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤 1．People throwed cans, paper, bags and so on into the river. throwed→threw 2．During my summer vacation, I spent half a month in the country and played very happy. happy→happily 3．We must pay attention our pronunciation when we speak English. attention后加to 4．

2、It's high time we do something to reduce traffic accidents. do→did 5．There have been more and more road accidents happened in recent years. happened→happening 6．Dr. Smith, together with his wife, are to arrive on the evening flight. are→is 7．Would you please meet my uncle at the airport because t

3、his is his first time visit to the US? 去掉time 8．I have many collections of stamps, some of them are my favorite. some前加and或them→which 一、考場作文常見的3類錯(cuò)誤 考場寫作常見錯(cuò)誤主要分為三類：詞匯類錯(cuò)誤、語法類錯(cuò)誤和漢語式英語。 (一)詞匯類錯(cuò)誤 考試時(shí)，學(xué)生很容易出現(xiàn)詞形變化錯(cuò)誤，而詞性不清和詞匯運(yùn)用方面的錯(cuò)誤主要還是受漢語的影響。其應(yīng)對措施是在備考時(shí)多注意容易拼錯(cuò)或容易出現(xiàn)詞形變化錯(cuò)誤的單詞，真正用心去體會(huì)英語詞匯的詞性和運(yùn)用，對一些固定習(xí)語更

4、不要想當(dāng)然地改動(dòng)。 1．詞形變化錯(cuò)誤 誤：The car hitted the old man and drived away. 正：The car hit the old man and drove away. 2．詞性不清錯(cuò)誤 誤：Doing a part-time job probably effects your studies. 正：Doing a part-time job probably affects your studies. 3．詞匯運(yùn)用錯(cuò)誤 誤：He opened the light after he entered the room. 正：He tu

5、rned on the light after he entered the room. 4．擅自改動(dòng)習(xí)語 誤：We lost the game, but we didn't lose our heart. 正：We lost the game, but we didn't lose heart. (二)語法類錯(cuò)誤 一個(gè)正確的句子除了用詞得當(dāng)外，語法上也應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)確無誤。如果語法上不正確，再好的構(gòu)思也難以正確地加以表達(dá)，語法錯(cuò)誤的多少會(huì)直接影響作文得分檔次。英語寫作中語法類錯(cuò)誤主要表現(xiàn)在如下幾個(gè)方面： 1．時(shí)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 誤：In the morning, we had bicycled

6、to the suburbs to plant trees. 正：In the morning, we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees. 2．語態(tài)錯(cuò)誤 誤：Children who raise in poor families can generally deal with problems more effectively in their adult years. 正：Children who are raised in poor families can generally deal with problems more effect

7、ively in their adult years. 3．非謂語動(dòng)詞使用錯(cuò)誤 誤：Comparing with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 正：Compared with other countries, the country pays little attention to the pollution. 4．主謂一致錯(cuò)誤 誤：My hobby is widespread, which include drawing, collecting stamps and so o

8、n. 正：My hobby is widespread, which includes drawing, collecting stamps and so on. 5．比較級使用錯(cuò)誤 誤：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting more and more smaller. 正：With the development of transportation, the world seems to be getting smaller and smaller. (三)漢語式英語 一般來說，

9、英漢兩種語言既有許多相似之處，又有許多不同之處。在寫作時(shí)如果想當(dāng)然地去寫，會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多漢語式英語，其中主要包括如下幾個(gè)方面： 1．純漢語式思維和漢語式語序 誤：At this school studying, I really very happy. 正：Studying at this school, I am really very happy. 2．句子成分殘缺 誤：There are many students don't support the project. 正：There are many students who don't support the project.

10、 3．句子粘連 誤：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, bring us a lot of fun. 正：On the other hand, dogs are our best friends, which/and bring us a lot of fun. 4．搭配不當(dāng) 誤：Under the help of the teacher, I have made great progress in my English. 正：With the help of the teacher, I have made great pr

11、ogress in my English. 二、防范出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的2個(gè)措施 (一)確定主語 英語句子無論多長都有自己的主語(祈使句省略了主語you)。動(dòng)手寫句子之前首先要確定主語，其次要特別注意漢語與英語在表達(dá)方面的區(qū)別。例如： 1．北京八月多雨。 誤：Beijing rains much in August. 正：It rains much in Beijing in August. 2．寫得很匆忙，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)書中滿是錯(cuò)誤。 誤：Written in a hurry, we found the book full of mistakes. 正：Written in a hurry

12、, the book was found full of mistakes (by us)． (二)確定謂語動(dòng)詞 英文中沒有動(dòng)詞就構(gòu)不成句子，但英語動(dòng)詞千變?nèi)f化，稍不注意就會(huì)寫錯(cuò)句子。在寫句子時(shí)應(yīng)特別注意以下幾個(gè)方面： 1．注意及物與不及物動(dòng)詞的正確運(yùn)用 誤：The living standard of the people has raised in the past twenty years. 正：The living standard of the people has risen/has been raised in the past twenty years. 2．注意延

13、續(xù)性與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的正確運(yùn)用 誤：He has left his hometown for twenty years. 正：He has been away from his hometown for twenty years. 3．注意一些不可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 誤：Many stars are appeared in the sky at night. 正：Many stars appear in the sky at night. 下面的學(xué)生作文中有8處錯(cuò)誤，請改正 Dear Arthur， It is three weeks since you gone to ho

14、spital. How are you feeling now? Hope you will recover soon because all of our classmates very miss you. As you may know it, we have just finished our mid-term exam. I am very happy to say that I made a great progress this time. I really thank your encouragement. Besides, our school's sports meetin

15、g will be holded next Friday and Saturday. Our class did really good last year and I believe we would get more prizes this year if you were to join us. We are looking forward to your come back. Yours， Li Hua 【答案】　 Dear Arthur， It is three weeks since you to hospital. How are you feeling now?

16、Hope you will recover soon because all of our classmates . As you may know ， we have just finished our mid-term exam. I am very happy to say that I made great progress this time. I really your encouragement. Besides, our school's sports meeting will be next Friday and Saturday. Our class did really last year and I believe we would get more prizes this year if you were to join us. We are looking forward to your back. Yours， Li Hua