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Unit 2　Healthy eating 【短文語法填空】 China to Promote Traditional Opera in Schools China’s central government has pledged(正式承諾) to promote traditional opera in schools. Primary schools, secondary schools, colleges 1. universities have given students the opportunity 2. (watch) traditional opera free of charge in 2017, according to a guideline jointly 3. (issue) by the publicity department of the munist Party of China and the ministries of culture, education and finance. By 2018, students in all schools and colleges nationwide can watch 4. opera free of charge every year. The campaign for traditional opera to reach students 5. (be) mon in all schools in 2020, according to the guideline. The guideline also urges schools to strengthen the creation of opera interest groups. 6. called on the joint effort of the government, education, society and individuals to support the campaign. The guideline also encourages 7. (invest) from enterprises, social organizations and individuals. There are hundreds of forms of local opera in China, 8. Peking Opera the most famous. Peking Opera and Kunqu Opera 9. (list) by UNESCO as an intangible 10. (culture) heritage. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　本文告訴我們將來會(huì)有更多的學(xué)校推廣京劇。 1．a(chǎn)nd　解析：考查連詞。多個(gè)名詞一起作主語時(shí)，應(yīng)該在最后兩個(gè)名詞之間用and連接。文中Primary schools, secondary schools, colleges, universities這四個(gè)名詞作并列的主語。 2．to watch　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。opportunity后常接不定式作定語，表示“做……的機(jī)會(huì)”。 3．issued　解析：考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語；issue與a guideline是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用issue的過去分詞形式作定語。 4．a(chǎn)n 　解析：考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示泛指；又因?yàn)閛pera以元音音素開頭，故填an。 5．will be　解析：考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)本句中的時(shí)間狀語“in 2020”可知，空處應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。 6．It　解析：考查代詞。此處應(yīng)用It指代the guideline。 7．investment　解析：考查名詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處用名詞作encourages的賓語。 8．with　解析：考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)語境并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其中the most famous作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 9．a(chǎn)re listed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，京劇和昆劇被聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織列為非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，所以空處用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，又因?yàn)榇颂幟枋龅氖强陀^事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 10．cultural　解析：考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞修飾名詞，故填cultural。 一．高考單詞→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．核心詞匯 ①lie n. 謊話；謊言 vi.說謊 ②consult vt.咨詢；請(qǐng)教；商量 ③bine vt.&vi.使聯(lián)合；使結(jié)合 ④digest vt.&vi.消化n.摘要；概要 ⑤glare vi.怒目而視；閃耀n.怒視；炫目的光 ⑥spy vt.&vi.窺探；秘密監(jiān)視n.間諜；偵探 ⑦sigh vi. 嘆息；嘆氣n.嘆息；嘆息聲 ⑧balance vt. 平衡；權(quán)衡n.天平；平衡 balanced adj.均衡的 ⑨benefit n．利益；好處vt.&vi.有益于；有助于；受益 beneficial adj.有益的 ⑩limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度 limited adj.有限的 limitation n．范圍；限制 2．?？荚~匯 ①diet n. 日常飲食 vi. 節(jié)食 ②weakness n. 缺點(diǎn)；虛弱；弱點(diǎn) ③protective adj. 給予保護(hù)的；保護(hù)的 ④customer n. 顧客；消費(fèi)者 ⑤cooperation n. 合作；協(xié)作 ⑥strength n. 強(qiáng)項(xiàng)；長(zhǎng)處；力量 strengthen vt. 加強(qiáng) ⑦curiosity n. 好奇心 curious adj. 好奇的 curiously adv. 好奇地 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．Everyone enjoys the lifesaving benefits (benefit) vaccines (疫苗) provide, but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.(2017北京卷) 2．Why is TOKNOW a special magazine? It bines (bine) fun with plex concepts.(2017北京卷) 3．I consulted (consult) with a physician (內(nèi)科醫(yī)生)，I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and healthy meals.(2017天津卷) 4．Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles, experiments and creative things to make—the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced ( balance) take on life.(2017北京卷) 5．The team discovered that some synapses seem to_be_protected (protect) and stayed the same size.(2017北京卷) 6．Seeing the videos, memories of the past came flooding back，which further strengthen (strength) a firm bond to our school.(2017北京卷) 7．While I was exploring my curiosity(curious)，my disease got worse.(2016北京卷) 8．It is always crowded with customers (customer) at meal times.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) 9．We should overe our weaknesses (weak) and fears with courage and determination.(2016天津卷) 10．People are used to the limited (limit) choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala.(2016全國(guó)卷Ⅲ) ?“看，觀察”動(dòng)詞家族 ①look (at) 強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作 ②see 強(qiáng)調(diào)看到的結(jié)果 ③watch 觀看(精力集中) ④witness 親眼看見，目擊 ⑤observe 仔細(xì)觀察 ⑥glare (at) 生氣地看 ⑦glance (at) 瞥一眼 ⑧stare (at) 凝視 ?后綴-ed 必備形容詞集錦 ①balanced 平衡的 ②limited 有限的 ③plicated 復(fù)雜的 ④experienced 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的 ⑤learned 博學(xué)的 ⑥skilled 熟練的 ⑦related 相關(guān)的 ⑧united 聯(lián)合的，統(tǒng)一的 ?后綴-ness 必備名詞薈萃 ①sadness 悲傷 ②darkness 黑暗 ③awareness 意識(shí) ④consciousness 知覺 ⑤carelessness 粗心大意 ⑥happiness 高興；幸福 ⑦kindness 仁慈；好意 ⑧weakness 虛弱；弱點(diǎn) ?un-前綴的高頻形容詞薈萃 ①uncertain 不確定的 ②unmon 不常有的 ③unlikely 不可能的 ④unfriendly 不友好的 ⑤unaware 不知道的 ⑥unfortunate 不幸的 ⑦unconscious 失去知覺的 ⑧unable 不能的，不會(huì)的 ⑨unimportant 不重要的 ⑩ unequal 不平等的 ?unreasonable 不合理的 ?unwilling 不愿意的 ?unbelievable 難以置信的 ?unlike 不像的 ?unfair 不公平的 ?unusual 不尋常的 ?unhappy 不幸福的 【完形填空】 I remember that it was a few years ago that an old woman stepped into my video store，along with her daughter.The __1__ was displaying a serious state of impatience，__2__ her watch every few seconds.If the daughter had possessed a leash(繩子)，her mother would have been __3__ to it as a means of pulling her along to __4__ the rush of other shoppers. Walking over，I asked __5__ I could help her.The woman smiled at me and showed me a __6__ on a piece of paper.__7__ rushing off to find the DVD for the woman，I asked her to __8__ with me so I could show her where she could find it and I wanted to enjoy her __9__ for a moment.As we walked along the back of the store，I __10__ its floor plan(分布圖)：old television shows, action movies, cartoons，science fiction films etc.The woman seemed glad of the unrushed “trip” and __11__ conversation. I said to her daughter，“__12__ some advice？”“Of course not，” said the daughter.“Cherish __13__，” I said.“When shes gone，its the little __14__ that e back to you.Times like this.I know.” It was __15__.I still missed my mom and remembered the times when Id used my impatience to make her __16__. Together they made their way towards the stores resting area.They sat there for a moment，side by side，__17__ the holiday crowds.Then the daughter glanced over and immediately __18__ her mother lovingly.And slowly she placed her arm with __19__ unaccustomed affection around her mothers shoulders and __20__ guided her back into the crowd. 1．A.merchant B．waitress C．mother D．daughter 2．A.fixing B．removing C．checking D．a(chǎn)djusting 3．A.fastened B．devoted C．a(chǎn)ccustomed D．a(chǎn)pplied 4．A.break away from B．make way for C．get along with D．keep pace with 5．A.when B．whether C．why D．how 6．A.tip B．title C．ticket D．receipt 7．A.Apart from B．As to C．Rather than D．Regardless of 8．A.municate B．jog C．trade D．walk 9．A.stay B．holiday C．pany D．time 10．A.described B．blamed C．a(chǎn)ppreciated D．corrected 11．A.casual B．a(chǎn)ttractive C．severe D．convincing 12．A.Prepare B．Mind C．Lack D．Offer 13．A.her B．me C．herself D．yourself 14．A.feelings B．presents C．chances D．moments 15．A.reasonable B．possible C．true D．a(chǎn)ppropriate 16．A.desperate B．upset C．puzzled D．a(chǎn)stonished 17．A.approaching B．evaluating C．observing D．expecting 18．A.attended B．found C．recognized D．watched 19．A.apparently B．suddenly C．basically D．gradually 20．A.accidentally B．gently C．smoothly D．randomly 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇痹谝粝裆痰旯ぷ鲿r(shí)遇到一位老母親和女兒一起購買DVD，這個(gè)女兒行色匆匆，恨不能用繩子拉著行動(dòng)遲緩的母親?！拔摇弊屵@位母親和“我”一起尋找她想要的DVD，并建議這個(gè)女兒要珍惜母親的陪伴。最后，她挽著母親，走進(jìn)人群中…… 【核心詞匯】along with...和……一道 a state of...一種……狀態(tài) impatience n．不耐煩，無耐心　rush off趕緊去 conversation n．會(huì)話，交談　cherish珍愛，愛護(hù) side by side肩并肩地 unaccustomed adj.不習(xí)慣的，奇怪的，不尋常的 affection n．影響，喜愛，慈愛，感情 1．D　根據(jù)上文中的“an old woman stepped into my video store, along with her daughter”可知，一位老母親和她的女兒一起來到“我”的音像商店；結(jié)合下文中的“If the daughter had possessed...other shoppers”可知，女兒顯得很不耐煩，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“商人”；B項(xiàng)意為“女侍者，女服務(wù)員”。 2．C　根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及空處所在句中的“displaying a serious state of impatience”可知，這個(gè)女兒顯得很不耐煩；據(jù)此可以判斷，她不停地查看(checking)手表，故選C項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“固定，修理”；B項(xiàng)意為“移開，去除”；D項(xiàng)意為“調(diào)整，校正”。 3．A　根據(jù)空處所在句中的“If the daughter had possessed a leash(繩子)，her mother would have been __3__ to it as a means of pulling her along”可知，如果這個(gè)女兒有一根繩子的話，她的母親將被系在繩子的一頭。A項(xiàng)意為“把……系在”，符合語境，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“致力，奉獻(xiàn)”；C項(xiàng)意為“使習(xí)慣”；D項(xiàng)意為“申請(qǐng)，運(yùn)用”。 4．D　根據(jù)上文及空后的“the rush of other shoppers”可以判斷，如果有繩子，這個(gè)女兒將用繩子拉住她的母親，以趕上(keep pace with)匆匆的購物人群，故選D項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)意為“突然掙脫，逃脫”；B項(xiàng)意為“給……讓路”；C項(xiàng)意為“與……融洽相處”。 5．B　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“I asked __5__ I could help her”可知，空處引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作動(dòng)詞asked的賓語，由“I could help her”和asked可以判斷，“我”問她是否需要幫忙。因此用whether引導(dǎo)該賓語從句，故B項(xiàng)正確。 6．B　根據(jù)下文中的“find the DVD”，結(jié)合該空所在句“The woman smiled at me and showed me a __6__ on a piece of paper”可知，這位母親微笑著遞給“我”一張寫有名稱的紙。B項(xiàng)意為“名稱，標(biāo)題”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“建議”，C項(xiàng)意為“票”，D項(xiàng)意為“收據(jù)”，都與語境不符。 7．C　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“I asked her to __8__ with me so I could show her where she could find it”可知，“我”讓她和“我”一起走(walk)以便“我”能讓她知道她在哪里可以找到她需要的DVD；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”沒有急忙為她尋找。C項(xiàng)意為“而不是”，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“除……之外”；B項(xiàng)意為“至于”；D項(xiàng)意為“不管，不顧”。 8．D　參見上題解析。下文中的“walked”亦是提示。A項(xiàng)意為“交流”，B項(xiàng)意為“慢跑”，C項(xiàng)意為“交易”，都與語境不符。 9．C　根據(jù)空后的“As we walked along the back of the store”可知，“我”和她一起走著尋找她需要的DVD；結(jié)合該空所在句中的“I wanted to enjoy her __9__ for a moment”可以判斷，“我”想要她陪伴(pany)“我”一會(huì)兒。A項(xiàng)意為“停留，逗留”；B項(xiàng)意為“假期”。 10．A　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“its floor plan(分布圖)：old television shows，action movies，cartoons，science fiction films etc.”可知，“我”向她描述(described)著商店的商品分區(qū)情況：老的電視節(jié)目、動(dòng)作片、卡通片以及科幻片等。故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“責(zé)備”；C項(xiàng)意為“欣賞”；D項(xiàng)意為“糾正”。 11．A　根據(jù)空前的“The woman seemed glad of the unrushed‘trip’”可知，這位母親對(duì)這次并不匆忙的購物過程感到很滿意；空處與“the unrushed‘trip’”，相呼應(yīng)，據(jù)此可以判斷，該處表示“輕松隨意的交談”。A項(xiàng)意為“輕松的，隨意的”，符合語境，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“吸引人的”；C項(xiàng)意為“嚴(yán)厲的，嚴(yán)肅的”；D項(xiàng)意為“使人信服的”。 12．B　根據(jù)這個(gè)女兒的回答“Of course not”可知，她不介意“我”提出建議；據(jù)此可以判斷，此處表示“介意我提點(diǎn)建議嗎？”B項(xiàng)意為“介意”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“準(zhǔn)備”，C項(xiàng)意為“缺乏”，D項(xiàng)意為“提供”，都與語境不符。 13．A　根據(jù)下文中的“When shes gone，its...to you”可知，如果她的母親去世了，這是她可以回想起來的時(shí)刻；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”建議她珍惜她的母親；空處作賓語，因此用賓格her，故A項(xiàng)正確。 14．D　參見上題解析。D項(xiàng)意為“時(shí)刻”，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“感情”，B項(xiàng)意為“禮物”，C項(xiàng)意為“機(jī)會(huì)”，都與語境不符。 15．C　根據(jù)空后的“I still missed my mom and remembered the times when Id used my impatience to make her __16__ ”可知，“我”仍然懷念“我”的母親，記得“我”用不耐煩讓“我”的母親難過的日子；據(jù)此可以判斷，“我”對(duì)她說的這種情況是真實(shí)的(true)。故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“合理的”；B項(xiàng)意為“可能的”；D項(xiàng)意為“適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)?，相稱的”。 16．B　參見上題解析。B項(xiàng)意為“難過的”，符合語境，故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“無望的，不顧一切的”，C項(xiàng)意為“困惑的，無法理解的”，D項(xiàng)意為“驚訝的”，都與語境不符。 17．C　根據(jù)該空所在句“They sat there for a moment，side by side，__17__ the holiday crowds”可知，這對(duì)母女肩并肩坐著，注視著假日里的人群；C項(xiàng)意為“觀察，注視”，符合語境，故C項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“靠近”，B項(xiàng)意為“評(píng)估”，D項(xiàng)意為“期望”，都與語境不符。 18．D　根據(jù)該空所在句“Then the daughter glanced over and immediately __18__ her mother lovingly”可知，女兒充滿愛意地看著她的母親，D項(xiàng)意為“看著”，符合語境，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“參加”，B項(xiàng)意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，C項(xiàng)意為“認(rèn)識(shí)”，都與語境不符。 19．A　根據(jù)該空所在句中的“And slowly she placed her arm with __19__ unaccustomed affection around her mothers shoulders”可知，她慢慢地將她的手臂放在母親的肩膀上，似乎不習(xí)慣這種充滿愛意的表達(dá)。A項(xiàng)意為“似乎”，符合語境，故A項(xiàng)正確。B項(xiàng)意為“突然地”，C項(xiàng)意為“基本地，主要地”，D項(xiàng)意為“逐漸地”，都與語境不符。 20．B　根據(jù)語境及該空所在句中的“guided her back into the crowd”可知，她慢慢地將她的手臂放在母親的肩膀上，然后溫柔地(gently)領(lǐng)著她的母親走進(jìn)人群。故B項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)意為“偶然地，附帶地，意外地”；C項(xiàng)意為“平滑地，平穩(wěn)地，流暢地，順利地”；D項(xiàng)意為“任意地，胡亂地，隨便地”。 二．重點(diǎn)短語→識(shí)記思考運(yùn)用 1．動(dòng)詞＋介詞/副詞(＋介詞) ①spy on 暗中監(jiān)視；偵查 ②cut down 削減；刪節(jié) ③get away with 受到從輕發(fā)落；(做壞事)不受懲罰 ④win... back贏回；重新獲得 2．動(dòng)詞＋名詞 ①lose weight 體重減輕；減肥 ②tell a lie 說謊 ③ earn one’s living 謀生 3．其他形式 ①balanced diet 平衡膳食 ②ought to 應(yīng)當(dāng)；應(yīng)該 ③in debt 欠債 ④before long 不久以后 ⑤put on weight 增加體重 用左欄所給短語的適當(dāng)形式填空 1．The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before_long，the cat began to look ragged (蓬亂)．(2017浙江卷) 2．Of course, I also took some practical steps to_lose_weight.(2017天津卷) 3．New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university with up to ￡ 15,000 in_debt.(2015全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) 4．Every one of us can make a great effort to cut_down the use of energy in our country. 5．Don’t believe him.I doubt whether he was telling_a_lie. 6．I don’t know how they manage to get_away_with paying such low wages. ?“動(dòng)詞＋down”短語薈萃 ①bring down 降低 ②cut down 削減，刪節(jié) ③slow down 慢下來 ④break down 壞了，中止 ⑤turn down 拒絕；拆下 ⑥settle down 定居，平靜下來 ?“動(dòng)詞＋back”短語一覽 ①keep back 隱瞞，忍住 ②look back (on) 回顧 ③hold back 控制住 ④give back 歸還 ⑤call/ring back 回電話 ⑥take back 拿回，收回 三．佳句選粹——在解讀中學(xué)懂，在仿寫中學(xué)通 背原句 學(xué)句型 練仿寫 1.“Nothing could be better，”he thought. 他想：“再?zèng)]有比這些更好(吃)的了。” 否定詞與比較級(jí)連用表示最高級(jí)含義。 就我個(gè)人而言，身體健康最重要。 As far as I’m concerned，nothing is more_important_than__health. 2.Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not ing to eat in his restaurant as he always did. 要是李昌不像往常那樣到他的餐館里來吃飯，那問題一定嚴(yán)重了。 as引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。 如果所有來仙女湖的游客都像這對(duì)夫婦那樣做的話，這個(gè)湖將會(huì)被嚴(yán)重污染并很快成為一個(gè)巨大的垃圾場(chǎng)。 If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as_the_couple_did，the lake will be severely polluted and soon turned into a huge dustbin. 3.He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他可不能讓雍慧哄騙人們后跑掉！ can’t have sb. doing sth.“不允許某人做某事”。 我不允許你用那種粗魯?shù)姆绞礁愕膵寢屨f話。 I can’t_have_you_speaking_to your mother in a rude manner. 4.I don’t want to upset you，but I found your menu so limited that... 我并不想讓你心煩，不過我發(fā)現(xiàn)你的菜譜上的菜太有限了，所以…… so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如此……以至于……”。 這是一次如此重要的會(huì)議，你應(yīng)該參加。 This is so_important_a_meeting_that you should attend it. 【七選五】 Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？ 1 Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products. Clean the toilet with Coke.Its amazing how powerful Coke might be as a toilet cleaner. 2 Youll save your health by not consuming chemicals that Coke contains and save money by not purchasing professional cleaners.Pour some cola over the stains and leave it all for a few hours.Then let water wash the toilet! Remove water stains with orange peels.Youve just eaten an orange. 3 Do not throw away those orange peels. You can use the skins to clean stainless steel.Your appliances will shine again after you rub(擦)them with the skins.The peels can easily make those stubborn stains disappear in a second. Use banana peels to polish leather furniture.Experts claim that banana peels are great for polishing leather sofas and armchairs.Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task. 4 Afterwards，remove the leftover with a cloth.This trick is simple and cheap.Use it if you want your leather furniture to look brand new again. 5 Why would you want to buy one when you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic(無毒的)? Just pour 2 liters of slightly warm water into a deep bowl.Then add 50ml white vinegar and half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid.Shake the bowl and then fill up a plastic spray with the mixture.Use it to clean windows and mirrors.Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny. A．Wait a minute! B．Make your own glass cleaner. C．Follow the steps given below. D．Of course your answer is“yes”． E．They leave no marks or scratches. F．Instead of drinking it，use it to clean the toilet bowl. G．They are economical and safe to use on all of furniture. 【語篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文。想生活在一個(gè)干凈的生活環(huán)境中，讓一切光潔發(fā)亮嗎？那就按照以下步驟來做吧。無需購買昂貴的清潔用品，只需要一些小妙招。 1．C　[根據(jù)空前的“Want to live in a perfectly clean environment and make it shine brightly？”和空后的“Then you will not need to purchase expensive cleaning products.”以及接下來列舉的幾條小妙招可知，C項(xiàng)“跟著以下步驟做”能起到承上啟下的作用。] 2．F　[本段講的是用可樂清理廁所，故F項(xiàng)“你可以不喝可樂，而是用它清潔馬桶”符合語境。] 3．A　[根據(jù)下文中的“Do not throw away those orange peels.”可知，吃了橘子后，稍待片刻，不要扔掉橘子皮，你可以用之清理不銹鋼。所以選A。] 4．E　[根據(jù)上文中的“Banana skins are rich in oils and have the right texture to do the task.”可知香蕉皮富含油脂，材質(zhì)也非常適合擦拭皮質(zhì)，使污痕或劃痕統(tǒng)統(tǒng)不見。所以選E。] 5．B　[根據(jù)下文中的“you can make your own product that is cheap and nontoxic(無毒的)...”及“Use it to clean windows and mirrors.Make your glass surfaces clean and shiny.”可知，本段講的是如何自制玻璃清潔劑，故B項(xiàng)符合語境。]