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Section Ⅲ　Grammar 對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書P7[基礎(chǔ)題] Ⅰ　單句語法填空 1．If I ________ (be) in your position, I would do the same. 答案：were 2．(2017北京高考)If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 答案：had been put 3．________ he come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary. 答案：Should 4．He wishes he ________ (become) a scientist someday. 答案：could become 5．If you came tomorrow, we ________ (have) the meeting. 答案：would/could/should have 6．He ordered that the clothes ________ (wash) every week by themselves. 答案：(should) be washed 7．Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I ________(dance) as well as her. 答案：danced 8．The committee members agreed to the suggestion that the issue ________ (put) to immediate voting. 答案：(should) be put 9．George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he ________ (focus) more on its culture. 答案：focused 10．(2017江蘇高考)________ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty. 答案：Were Ⅱ　單句改錯 1．If you are me, would you talk to them? ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：are→were 2．We would be grateful when you could join them that day. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：when→if 3．How I wish I can swim! ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：can→could 4．If our train arrived on time, we have time to visit your sister. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：have前加would 5．If I have plenty of time, I would visit many places of interest here. ________________________________________________________________________ 答案：have→had [能力題] Ⅰ　閱讀理解 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A (2018綿陽市高中第一次診斷性考試)German artist HA Schult is an unusual artist who uses trash (廢物) to make sculptures. “We are living in the time of garbage，” says Schult. “I created a thousand sculptures of garbage. They are a mirror of ourselves.” Here, Schult was talking about his 1,000 trash sculptures in the form of humans. He first exhibited them in 1996 in the western German state of North RhineWestphalia. “They are social sculptures，” he explains. “They are not only sculptures for the eyes. They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.” So far, Schults social sculptures have been on show in Paris, in Moscows Red Square, on the Great Wall of China, and in the desert next to the Pyramids of Giza near Cairo. HA Schults work is unforgettable. Although his work has had a big influence on the art world, Schult remains modest about his creations: “Artists have to learn every time. We are not important. All that counts is the time in which we are living.” Trash art has been around for years. But it seems that only the popular artists are regarded as true artists when working with trash. Why cant common people be considered artists when they use the same things and change them into some form of personal art? Maybe its because we all have our own preset ideas of what art is and isnt, or whom artists are or should be. You can be an artist like Schult if you try. Look at used metal cans. What might be done with them? Imagine them in any number of new uses, or imagine them simply as an art form. What about boxes or clothing? Boxes can usually serve as new storage containers and houses for pets. And clothing? Imagine taking old clothes and turning them into hats or hanging organizers. 1．What do we know about Schults sculptures? A．They served as garbage containers. B．They reflected environmental issues. C．They were first shown in Paris, France. D．They were to raise economic awareness. 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“They are sculptures to spread the idea that we live in a time of garbage.”可知，Schult的作品反映了環(huán)境問題，故選B。 2．HA Schults artistic works also get the message across that an artist must ________. A．be socially responsible B．be as modest as possible C．make garbage recyclable D．take diverse artistic forms 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“All that counts is the time in which we are living.”和第二段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，Schult的作品同樣傳遞了這樣一個思想，即藝術(shù)家除了自己的藝術(shù)追求之外，也應(yīng)該有社會責(zé)任感，故選A。 3．According to the last two paragraphs, the author probably agrees that ________. A．it takes talent to be a trash artist B．preset ideas are important to artists C．trash art cant be seen as a real art form D．a(chǎn)verage people can also make trash artists 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“You can be an artist like Schult if you try.”可推知，作者認(rèn)為普通人也可以利用周圍的廢物或者垃圾而成為一位藝術(shù)家，故選D。 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Could You Be a Trash Artist? B．What Are Social Sculptures? C．Do You Know about Trash Art? D．How Can We Deal With Used Cans? 答案：A　標(biāo)題判斷題。文章最后一段第一句“You can be an artist like Schult if you try.”點(diǎn)題，再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可推知，本文主要通過講述一位藝術(shù)家利用垃圾創(chuàng)造藝術(shù)作品的故事，激勵人們行動起來，為環(huán)保做貢獻(xiàn)，人人都可以成為一位藝術(shù)家，故A項(xiàng)最適合做文章標(biāo)題。 B The meaning of the term “graffiti” (涂鴉) simply is—drawings or words scribbled or scratched on a wall. The art of drawing graffiti began making its way on public walls in the latter part of the 1960s. However, graffiti has existed long before, with the ancient cave paintings dating back 40,000 years. And of course, right from those times, drawing has always been a means of human beings deep desire to communicate. Although graffiti began in the 1960s, the period between 1971－1974 is generally regarded as the era when most of the pioneering work in graffiti was done, since this was the time when this form of art began spreading and getting publicity. For some of the youth of that time, it was a way of rebelling against a society they thought unjust. However, for others, these graffiti characters were simply a pleasurable means of expressing their creativity, just as a unique art form. It was during 1975 to 1977 that the art of drawing graffiti reached its peak, with standards of drawing graffiti letters being established. However, as the 1970s slipped into the 1980s, being a graffiti artist became more challenging, as the authorities began banning harder on drawing graffiti, since it was considered vandalism (故意破壞公共財(cái)物罪), as most of the graffiti was made by gangsters (匪徒), who were young and usually poor. This was known as the “die hard era”， as graffiti culture withdrew under cover. Todays graffiti culture is referred to as the “clean train era”， as many graffiti artists are taking their art from the subway walls and the insides of trains and cars into studios and galleries, with the establishment increasingly viewing it as a genuine art form. Hence these days some cities have provided particular areas for graffiti artists where they are allowed to display their art. 5．Some young people drew graffiti in the early 1970s to ________. A．express their anger over society B．show their artistic talent C．make themselves known D．make fun of government officials 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章第三段最后一句可知，有些年輕人把涂鴉當(dāng)作表達(dá)自己對社會不公的一種發(fā)泄手段。 6．It was challenging for one to be a graffiti artist in the 1980s because ________. A．gangsters hung out in the streets B．not much space was provided C．there were too many poor young people then D．graffiti was considered something harmful 答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文章倒數(shù)第二段可知，在上世紀(jì)80年代，涂鴉被認(rèn)為是破壞公物，因此受到政府的打壓。 7．What do we know about graffiti artists today? A．They are regarded as real artists. B．They live a harder life. C．They are still looked down upon. D．They are allowed to paint anywhere. 答案：A　推理判斷題。從文章最后一段可知，當(dāng)今，涂鴉被當(dāng)作一種真正的藝術(shù)形式，受到政府的鼓勵，由此可知A項(xiàng)正確。 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Graffiti artists and their works. B．The past and present of graffiti. C．Famous graffiti artists. D．The popularity of graffiti. 答案：B　主旨大意題。綜合全文可知，文章主要介紹了涂鴉的發(fā)展歷史和現(xiàn)狀。故B項(xiàng)最能概括文章的內(nèi)容。 Ⅱ　語法填空 In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea, __1__ Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks. Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might __2__ (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __3__ (create) special designs. The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, __4__ (use) twigs (樹枝) to remove it. Over time, __5__ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which __6__ (gradual) turned into chopsticks. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, __7__ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the __8__ (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __9__ (be) too violent for use at the table. Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat __10__ their hands. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 1．a(chǎn)nd　考查連詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語境可知，Vietnam與空格前的“China, Japan, Korea”之間是并列關(guān)系。故填并列連詞and。 2．be made　考查動詞的語態(tài)。此處指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和銀做成的。根據(jù)句子主語chopsticks與make之間是被動關(guān)系及空格前的“might”可知，此處應(yīng)填be made。 3．to create　考查非謂語動詞。句意：工藝精湛的工人也會把各種各樣的硬木和金屬組合起來以創(chuàng)作獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語。 4．using　考查非謂語動詞。use與其主語people之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 5．a(chǎn)s/when　考查狀語從句的連接詞。句意：隨著人口的增長或當(dāng)人口增長時，人們開始把食物切成小片。根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“隨著”或“當(dāng)……時”。故填as或when。 6．gradually　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞短語turned into，故填gradually。 7．who　考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處在此引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞為Confucius，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語。故填who。 8．development　考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空格前的“the”及空格后的“of”可知，此處應(yīng)填名詞development。 9．were　考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)句中的“believed”可知，此處描述的是過去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過去時；從句主語為knives，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填were。 10．with　考查介詞。此處指大部分人用手吃飯。故填with。