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Unit 3　A taste of English humour 【短文語(yǔ)法填空】 As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have bee a 1 (distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is mitted to 2 (keep) the art of sugar painting alive. Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 3 mine closed down, Li turned 4 housing decoration, until he 5 (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in. Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 6 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a 7 (vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 8 (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman 9 (normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖漿). When the sugar cools down, 10 appears is a piece of sugar art. 【文章大意】本文是記敘文，講述38歲的李健忠回到老家繼承中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化，學(xué)習(xí)制作糖畫的故事，文章還說明了糖畫的制作。 1.distant 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換?？崭裉幮揎椕~memory，形容詞修飾名詞作定語(yǔ)，故填distant。 2.keeping 3.the 【解析】考査冠詞。上文提到他做過十多年礦工，故此處表示他所在的礦井關(guān)閉以后，為特指，故填the。 4.to 【解析】考查介詞。句意：他轉(zhuǎn)而去做房屋裝修的工作了。 turn to“轉(zhuǎn)而做，轉(zhuǎn)向”是固定詞組。故填 to。 5.was forced 【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：直到他因?yàn)槭种甘軅黄确艞?。此處講述過去的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)和force之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且主語(yǔ)和是第三人稱單數(shù)。故填was forced。 6.himself 【解析】考查代詞。句意：由于他的村子里沒有糖畫手藝人，因此他自學(xué)制作糖畫。by oneself固定用法，表示“獨(dú)自地，全靠自己地”，故填himself。 7.variety 【解析】 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：他很快掌握了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)并能制作出各種各樣的糖畫。a variety of“各種各樣”是固定短語(yǔ)，故填variety。 8.melted 9.normally 【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：手藝人們通常用糖漿在石板上畫動(dòng)物和花。修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，故填normally。 10.what 【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，且在從句中作主語(yǔ)，表示“所……的東西”，what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。故填what。 content adj.滿意的，滿足的 n．滿足，滿意；內(nèi)容，含量 vt.使?jié)M足 (1)be content to do sth.樂于做某事 feel/be content with...對(duì)……滿足/滿意 be content that...對(duì)……滿足/滿意 (2)content sb./oneself with sth.使某人/自己滿足于某事 ①(教材原句)He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content with their lives. 在人們感到沮喪的時(shí)候，他可以使他們開懷大笑，于是人們就對(duì)自己的生活感到比較滿足。 ②(2015四川卷)Andy is content with the toy.It is the best he has ever got. 安迪對(duì)這個(gè)玩具很滿意，這是他收到的最好的(禮物)。 ③(2016天津卷)When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica(《大英百科全書》)，I had to create a table of contents (content) based on the topics of its articles. 當(dāng)計(jì)劃《大英百科全書》時(shí)，我不得不以文章的話題為基礎(chǔ)而列了一個(gè)目錄。 ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. (1)content作形容詞時(shí)，通常作表語(yǔ)、后置定語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)要用contented，如：a contented expression滿足的表情。 (2)在充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)表示“非常滿意”時(shí)用be well content而不能用be very content。 astonish vt.使吃驚，使驚奇 (1)astonish sb.with/by sth.用某事使某人驚訝 be astonished at/by sth.對(duì)某事感到驚訝 be astonished to do sth.驚訝地做某事 (2)astonished adj.感到吃驚的 (3)astonishing adj.令人吃驚的 (4)astonishment n．驚訝 to one’s astonishment 使某人驚訝的是 in astonishment 吃驚地 ①(教材原句)You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 你可能會(huì)感到驚奇，查理剛會(huì)說話時(shí)大人就教他唱歌，他剛會(huì)走路時(shí)大人就教他跳舞。 ②(2016浙江卷)What brought about this astonishing (astonish) change in me? 是什么造成了我這樣令人驚訝的改變？ ③To our great astonishment (astonish)，the boss wasn’t_astonished (not astonish) at the astonishing (astonish) news at all. 使我們非常吃驚的是，老板對(duì)這個(gè)令人吃驚的消息一點(diǎn)也不吃驚。 ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017江蘇卷)Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing (astonish) actions are being taken. convince vt.使人信服；使相信 (1)convince sb.to do sth.說服某人做某事 convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事 convince sb.that...使某人相信…… (2)convinced adj.堅(jiān)定不移的；有堅(jiān)定信仰的 be convinced of確信……；相信…… be convinced that...確信…… (3)convincing adj.令人信服的；有說服力的 ①(教材原句)The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted! 令人心悅誠(chéng)服的表演使你相信這是他吃過的最可口的飯菜之一了！ ②I am_convinced (convince) that sooner or later we will succeed. 我確信我們遲早會(huì)成功的。 ③You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to master the work. 你需要讓你的面試官相信你有駕馭這份工作的能力。 ④(2015陜西卷)Mr.Holden returned home from his holiday upset and convinced (convince) his pet was dead. direct vt.& vi.導(dǎo)演；指揮；指示 adj.徑直的；直接的；直率的 adv.直接地 (1)direct sb.to do sth.指示(令)某人做某事 direct that...(should)do sth.指示……做某事 (2)direction n．方向；方位；指點(diǎn)；指示；說明書 in the direction of 朝……方向 under the direction of 在……的指導(dǎo)下 in all directions＝in every direction 朝四面八方 ask directions 問路 ①(教材原句)Charlie Chaplin wrote，directed and produced the films he starred in. 查理卓別林自編、自導(dǎo)、自制他主演的電影。 ②After school，she directly (direct) went to the direction (direct) of the cinema to see the new film directed (direct) by the famous director (direct)． 放學(xué)后，她徑直向電影院方向走去，去看由那位著名的導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)演的新影片。 ③(2015四川卷)Even so，we decided to talk with the owners directly (direct)． ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017北京卷)Now we have the most direct (directly) evidence yet that he is right. particularly adv.尤其；特別 particular adj.特殊的；特別的；挑剔的n.細(xì)節(jié)；細(xì)目 be particular about/over sth.對(duì)……講究/挑剔 be particular to do sth.特地做某事 in particular＝particularly 尤其；特別；格外 ①(教材原句)Children particularly would burst into laughter at his behaviour. 孩子們尤其對(duì)他的表演報(bào)之以大笑。 ②She likes fruit and apples in particular. 她喜歡水果，尤其是蘋果。 ③I have nothing particular (particularly) to do this evening，so let’s go out for a walk. 今晚我沒有什么特別的事要做，咱們出去散散步吧！ 【七選五】 Learning another language is an exciting trip into a new world, and it can take some time and effort to get there. Luckily, there are a few easy ways to make your adventure go a lot more smoothly. Learn a little every day. One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day. 1 Studying for long periods can wear you out and limit your focus. Starting with small but regular sessions is the best way to keep your grammar and vocabulary fresh in your mind. Practice out loud. 2 Pronunciation is the key to learning another language and to making yourself understood by native speakers. Read sentences aloud from books or magazines in the language you’ re studying, or just read over your grammar exercises while you’re practicing. You’ll start to get used to the way the new words sound and feel. Close the books. From films to international websites, there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world. 3 Listen to international radio stations — many of them are streaming over the Internet — or look up the websites of newspapers in the language you’re studying. You can keep learning another language while surfing the web or having a movie night with your friends! 4 Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing! Remember to review the basics as well as new vocabulary and grammar, since everything you learn will build on the foundation you start with. Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work. 5 A. Be optimistic. B. Keep it up. C. Eventually, they’ll just e naturally. D. Remember to explore some of them when you’re learning another language. E. Learning another language can broaden your horizons and introduce you to new people and parts of the world. F. Get a feel for the language by saying words and phrases out loud while you practice. G. Reserve an hour to practice each day and stick to your schedule 【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了學(xué)好另一種語(yǔ)言的幾種方法。 1.G 根據(jù)前一句＂One of the keys to learning another language is practicing a little bit every day.＂可知學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的關(guān)鍵是要每天練習(xí)，因此每天要復(fù)習(xí)一小時(shí)，并且堅(jiān)持你的計(jì)劃。故選G。 3.D 根據(jù)句子＂there are dozens of ways to encounter(遇到)other languages in the real world.＂可知有多種方法可以在真實(shí)場(chǎng)景下遇到其他語(yǔ)種，那么下一句應(yīng)該是說我們要學(xué)會(huì)探索出一些場(chǎng)景。故選D。 4.B 根據(jù)下面的句子＂Learning another language takes determination and perseverance, so keep practicing!＂可知小標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是＂堅(jiān)持＂，由此判斷選B。 5.E 根據(jù)前面的句子＂Luckily, you have a great reason to keep up the hard work.＂(幸運(yùn)的是你有一個(gè)很好的理由來(lái)堅(jiān)持這個(gè)艱難的工作。)可知下面要講到原因，即這樣做的好處/優(yōu)點(diǎn)：開擴(kuò)視野，幫你看到一個(gè)嶄新的世界，由此判斷選E。 badly off 窮的；缺少的 (1) (2)be badly off for 缺乏…… be badly in need of 急需…… think badly of 對(duì)……有看法 do badly in 在……方面做得差；不成功 (3)worse and worse 越來(lái)越壞；每況愈下 ＝go from bad to worse to make matters worse (而)更糟糕的是 ＝(and)what is worse＝worse still ①(教材原句)Unfortunately his father died，leaving the family even worse off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. 不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家境更加艱難，因此，卓別林童年時(shí)期都在照顧他生病的母親和弟弟。 ②Don’t let yourself despair；this will only make matters worse (bad)． 不要想不開，這樣只能使情況變得更糟。 ③We shouldn’t plain about being poor—many families are much (more) worse off than we are. 我們不應(yīng)該因?yàn)楦F而叫苦連天——許多人的家境比起我們來(lái)還要糟得多呢。 pick out 挑出；辨別出 pick out sb./sth.from...從……中挑出/辨別出某人/物 pick up 撿起；讓某人搭車；繼續(xù)；摔倒后站起來(lái)；便宜地買到；接收(節(jié)目)；無(wú)意中學(xué)會(huì)；染上(疾病)；(身體等)好轉(zhuǎn)恢復(fù) pick off 摘掉；摘下來(lái) pick oneself up 跌倒后站起來(lái) pick up with sb.結(jié)識(shí)某人 ①(教材原句)Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. 查理首先挑出鞋帶來(lái)吃，像是吃意大利面一樣。 ②You’ll soon pick up health when you get to the seaside. 到了海濱，你就會(huì)很快地恢復(fù)健康。 ③He picked (pick) up some French while he was away on a business trip in Paris. 他在巴黎出差時(shí)順便學(xué)會(huì)了一些法語(yǔ)。 ④單句語(yǔ)法填空(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to_pick (pick) up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. 【短文改錯(cuò)】 Living without an aim is like sailing without pass.If there is no aim in our lives，we will get lose. Last term，I couldnt accept the truth which I failed in my math examination.I decided to give it up，so I skipped from classes frequently.Considered my case，my teacher offered me several detailed approach and advised me to set a shortterm goal to improve my math.Finally，I work harder than ever and made great progress in her math.In my opinion，success lies in a series of goals.However，we should remember to make our targets clearly and spare no effort to realize our dreams. 【答案】　 Living without an aim is like sailing without pass.If there is no aim in our lives，we will get . Last term，I couldnt accept the truth I failed in my math examination.I decided to give it up，so I skipped classes frequently. my case，my teacher offered me several detailed and advised me to set a shortterm goal to improve my math.Finally，I harder than ever and made great progress in math.In my opinion，success lies in a series of goals. ，we should remember to make our targets and spare no effort to realize our dreams. 第一處：pass前加a?？疾楣谠~。pass為可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指，要用不定冠詞。 第二處：lose→lost?？疾樾稳菰~。此處的get為系動(dòng)詞，故其后應(yīng)用形容詞。 第三處：which→that。考查名詞性從句。名詞truth后為同位語(yǔ)從句，從句中不缺少成分，故用that。 第四處：刪除from?？疾榻樵~。skip classes意為“逃課”，故from多余。 第五處：Considered→Considering。考查介詞。此處應(yīng)用介詞considering在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 第六處：approach→approaches?？疾槊~。approach作“方法”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞；由前面的several可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 第七處：work→worked?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，work的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，故應(yīng)該使用一般過去時(shí)。 第八處：her→my?？疾榇~。此處表示“我的數(shù)學(xué)有了很大進(jìn)步”，故代詞應(yīng)用my。 第九處：However→Therefore?？疾楦痹~。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知， 此處為因果關(guān)系；后面有逗號(hào)隔開，故應(yīng)用Therefore。 第十處：clearly→clear。考查形容詞。此處應(yīng)用形容詞作make的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，用于補(bǔ)充說明名詞targets。 Unfortunately his father died，leaving_the_family_even_worse_off，so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. 不幸的是他的父親去世了，使得他的家境更加艱難，因此，卓別林童年時(shí)期都在照顧他生病的母親和弟弟。 leaving the family even worse off為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。 ①His parents died in the terrible accident，leaving (leave) him an orphan. 父母在可怕的事故中喪生，使他成為孤兒。 ②A few men were quarrelling noisily at midnight，waking (wake) almost everyone in the building. 幾個(gè)人在半夜吵架，幾乎把大樓里所有的人都吵醒了。 ③He hurried to the bus stop，only to_be_told (tell) the bus had left. 他匆匆地去了車站，結(jié)果被告知車已經(jīng)離開。 現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示意料、情理之中的結(jié)果，而不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。 Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as_if_they_were spaghetti. 查理首先挑出鞋帶來(lái)吃，像是吃意大利面條一樣。 本句as if引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示與事實(shí)不相符的狀況，故用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 ①He behaved as though/if nothing had_happened (happen)． 他表現(xiàn)得若無(wú)其事。 ②(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as_if it is missing something. 當(dāng)脂肪和鹽被從食物中除去之后，食物嘗起來(lái)好像失去了什么。 (1)as if可在look，seem等系動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。當(dāng)說話人認(rèn)為從句的情況實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大或者就是事實(shí)時(shí)，從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 (2)在as though/if引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主從句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，可以把從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分(此時(shí)從句主語(yǔ)多是代詞。謂語(yǔ)多是be動(dòng)詞或含有be動(dòng)詞)省略，后面直接跟名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語(yǔ))、介詞短語(yǔ)或分詞。 ③She stood at the door as though/if (she_had_been)waiting (wait) for someone. 她站在門邊好像是在等人。 ④She hurriedly leaves the room as though/if (she_were)angry (angrily)． 她匆忙地離開了房間，好像生氣了。 ⑤He opened his mouth as though/if (he_were)to_speak (speak)． 他張開嘴巴好像要說話似的。 【閱讀理解】 When I recently revealed to my friends, colleagues, and family members that I would be moving my family to Israel, the reactions were numerous and varied. Some people said it was an expected thing while others asked: Why now? What will you do? For me, making the move to Israel is the fulfillment of a dream that has lasted for my 47 years of life. I have always known that Israel is my home. Over the years Israel has been in my heart, but I have found a number of reasons to put off making it my permanent residence: kids, the economy, education...you name an excuse, and at some point I have probably used it. Truthfully, I believe that I was always just a little bit scared. And of course I still am, with the fear factor that is reported by the press surrounding the Israeli military and economy. However, it has e to the point when I have realized that for over 2 000 years we yearned for this land, and for 47 years I have denied the opportunity to make it my home. I am finally ready to fully grasp this opportunity. Over the years, I have always loved visiting Israel. I have traveled there with my family, and enjoyed introducing thousands of travelers to the country. All of these things that I have e to love about Israel as a tourist are because I get to love my home. And as far as waiting for the ＂perfect＂ condition under which to make aliyah, I believe the time is now! I have been asked many times if I am nervous about moving to Israel. Before I answer, I remember that we have overe the Greeks, the Romans, the Russian killings, Hitler and the Holocaust(大屠殺), and the armies of seven countries. How can I not feel confident that I, and my family, will overe any difficulties that may e our way? I am not worrying, plaining, crying, or fearing as I prepare to make aliyah. I am proud and excited to say that I am fulfilling a 47-year-old dream; I am going home. 1.What does the author want to say in the passage? A. His dream is to e true after 47 years. B. It is a dilemma for him to return to Israel. C. He didn’t live a happy life in Israel. D. It is a latest trend to fulfill everyone’s dream. 2.The author didn’t return to Israel before because . A. his children mainly held him back B. he failed to get determined C. he didn’t save enough money D. he hoped to finish his education 3.What does the underlined part ＂make aliyah＂ mean in the passage? A. To return to Israel. B. To make a decision. C. To live happily. D. To catch a chance. 4.It can be inferred from the passage that . A. the author will be happy to meet his relatives in Israel B. Israel is a familiar word but a strange place for the author C. the Israeli suffered a lot in the history D. Israel is still a place between war and chaos 【文章大意】本文是一篇講述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷的記敘文。 1.A 【解析】主旨大意題。作者在文中敘述了自己經(jīng)歷了在外流浪的47年后，決定帶著家人回到以色列，使自己多年的夢(mèng)想得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的故事，由此可知答案。 3.A 【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。通讀全文可知，作者帶著家人回到以色列的夢(mèng)想馬上就要實(shí)現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合畫線詞后面的＂I believe the time is now＂以及最后一段中的＂as I prepare to make aliyah＂可知畫線部分指的是回到家鄉(xiāng)以色列。 4.C 【解析】推理判斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的＂we have overe the Greeks, the Romans, the Russian killings, Hitler and the Holocaust(大屠殺)...＂可知，以色列人在歷史上遭受了很多苦難。