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1、 精品資料 Unit 4語法導(dǎo)學(xué)案 編號5 Unit 4 Body Language Don’t attend to two things at a time.一心不能二用 Section Six : Grammar 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語和狀語 一、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作定語時，單個的分詞一般放在被修飾詞 的前面，分詞短語一般放在被修飾詞的后邊，相當(dāng)于一個定語 從句。有時它表達(dá)的動作與謂語動詞表達(dá)的動作是同時發(fā)生 的，有時表達(dá)的動作是

2、習(xí)慣性的，有時則表示狀態(tài)。 I hope to learn more about the activities going on there(that are going on there)．（表示正在發(fā)生的動作) The factory making toys(that makes toys)is run by neighbourhood committee． (表示習(xí)慣性動作) There were quite a few comrades wishing to join US(who wished to join us)． (表示狀態(tài)) 現(xiàn)在分詞

3、作定語，和被修飾的詞之間有主謂關(guān)系。 a walking boy=a boy who is walking走路的孩子 a developing country=a country that is developing發(fā)展中國家 二、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主要必須是句子的 主語，分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，否則不 能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動詞或整個句子，表示 動作發(fā)生的時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、讓步或伴隨情況等。 1．表示時間，作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于時間狀語從旬

4、Turning around，I saw a car driving up． (1)當(dāng)分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞表示的動作之 前時，分詞要用完成時。 (2)when／while doing形式強(qiáng)調(diào)其表示的動作和謂語動詞 所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生。 (1)_______that she was going off to sleep，I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed． A．Seeing B．To see C．See D．Seen 解析：“seeing…”作時間狀語。答案：A

5、 2．表示原因，作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于原因狀語從句 分詞所表示的動作和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生或 幾乎同時發(fā)生時，這時用分詞的一般形式。分詞表示的動作在 謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生，用分詞的完成形式。 Not knowing his phone number,I couldn’t get in touch with him． 如果分詞是含有心理活動意義的詞，則它一般表示原因， 如knowing，thinking，forgetting，learning。 (2)_____ that he was in great danger，Eric Walked deeper i

6、nto the forest． A．Not realized B．Not to realize C．Not realizing D．Not to have realized 解析：“not realizing”在句中作原因狀語。答案：C 3．表示條件，作條件狀語，相當(dāng)于條件狀語從句。 分詞短語有時表示一種假設(shè)情況，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從 句，這種情況下，有時在分詞短語前加上if／unless，使條件更明確。 Working hard，you’ll succeed. =If you work hard，you’ll succe

7、ed．=Work hard。and you’11 succeed． 努力工作，你會成功的。 4．表示讓步，作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)子讓步狀語從句。 分詞短語作讓步狀語，相當(dāng)于一個讓步狀語從句，有時分 詞前可帶有連詞although，whether，even if，even though。 Admitting what she said．I still think that she hasn’t tried her best．盡管承認(rèn)她所說的話，但我仍然認(rèn)為她沒有盡最大的努力。 (3)______their hats into the air，the fans of

8、the winning team let out loud shouts of victory． A．To throw B．Thrown C．Throwing D．Being thrown 解析： “throwing their hats”作伴隨狀語。答案：C 5．表示方式或伴隨狀語 分詞短語表示方式或伴隨情況是比較常用的，它用來說明 動作發(fā)生的背景或情況。一般情況下，分詞所表示的動作和謂 語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生。它沒有相應(yīng)的狀語從句可轉(zhuǎn) 換，但可以用并列句來轉(zhuǎn)換。 Children came into the room，singing

9、 and laughing． ：Children sang and laughed；they came into the room． 6．表示結(jié)果，作結(jié)果狀語，相當(dāng)于結(jié)果狀語從句通常放在句末，中間有逗號隔開，表示一種自然的、順理成章的結(jié)果。 His parents died in the war，leaving him an orphan(SO that he became an orphan)．父母在戰(zhàn)爭中死亡，以致他成了孤兒。 三、現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時應(yīng)注意的問題 1．現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，要注意分詞的時間性，即注意是用 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式(doing)還

10、是用完成式(having done)。當(dāng)現(xiàn) 在分詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作同時發(fā)生或幾乎同時發(fā)生時， 用分詞的一般式。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動作先發(fā)生，而謂語動詞的動 作后發(fā)生時，用分詞的完成式。 (4) ________ in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car． A．Waiting B．To wait C．Having waited D．To have waited 解析：根據(jù)th

11、e old man與wait之 間的關(guān)系，應(yīng)該選擇v.ing形式，再根據(jù)句意得知是在主句謂語動詞“realize”前就等(wait)了半個小時了，有明顯的先 后關(guān)系，故要用v.ing的完成式。 答案：C 2．有時現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)有自己的邏輯主語，它們之間有邏 輯上的主謂關(guān)系，稱之為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它在句中也作狀語。 It being a holiday，all the shops were shut． Class being over，children could play football． 3．有少數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞并不表示主語的動作，即不存在其邏輯 主語必須和句子主語一

12、致的問題，只是表示說話人的態(tài)度。常 這樣用的有：generally／frankly／properly．．．speaking 一般／坦白／恰當(dāng)……說來 judging from／by…從……判斷 considering…考慮到…… supposing…假設(shè)(使)…… "獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)前加上with，就構(gòu)成了復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 Testing : choose the best answers 1.The decision____, what is to be done now is how to carry it out． A．is made

13、 B．has been made C．having been made D．having made 2.China became the l43rd member of the WTO on December 11，2001，thus______ its l5-year wish to join the global trade body． A．realized B．to realize C．having realized D．realizing 3.Tom and Mary are walking along th

14、e street，___a small red cap． A．each of them has B．they each have C．every wears D．each wearing 4.____ his father, Tom entered the house, ______by his brothers. A. Follow ; follow B. To follow; following C. Following ; followed D. Followed ; followi

15、ng 5. ________ a reply, he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 6. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ________ the girl and took her away, _______into the woods. A. seizing ；disappeare

16、d B. seized ；disappeared C. seizing ；disappearing D. seized ；disappearing 7. They set out ____ for the ____ boy. A. searching; losing B. searching; lost C. to search; lost D. searched; losing 8. The ____ Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his t

17、alks, ___ that he had enjoyed his stay here. A. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added 9. Finding her car stolen, _________. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere

18、 D. she hurried to a policeman for help 10. The storm left, ____ a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused 11. ________, the boy couldn’t enter his house. A. Since the key has lost B. The key been l

19、ost C. Lost the key D. Having lost the key 12. ____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A. Not knowing B. knowing not C. Not having known D. Having not known 13. In winter steam can be seen ______from wet

20、 clothes ______near a fire. A. rising, hanging B. rising, to hang C. rise, hanging D. to rise, to hang 14. European foot ball is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 15. _______ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed In the dictionary of youth , there is no such word as failure. 在青年的詞典里沒有“失敗”這個詞