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1、 第三講　潤色習(xí)作的3種高效策略 　　　　　精準選詞，妙筆生花 從書面表達的評分標準中可以看出，恰當選用貼切、地道的高級詞匯對提高書面表達的得分非常重要。寫作時恰當使用一些大多數(shù)考生有可能想不到的詞匯，恰當?shù)厍笮虑螽惢蚴褂幂^為高級的短語、習(xí)語等來代替普通詞匯，可以提高文章的得分檔次。為寫作增添色彩。請考生牢記并熟練運用下面的詞匯。 一、選用高級詞匯“四原則” 1．具體性原則 在具備一定詞匯量的條件下，具體的表達比泛泛而談的內(nèi)容更能引起閱卷人的共鳴。例如：當描述一個具體事物或人時，類似a nice/good man的表達讓人感覺很空洞，我們可以用有個性的，具體的詞描繪一個人，

2、如kind-hearted(好心的)；generous(慷慨的；大方的)；easy-going(隨和的)等。再如： It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a good atmosphere. →It was with sincerity and faithfulness that we created a harmonious atmosphere. 2．新穎性原則 寫作時恰當?shù)皿w地使用高中學(xué)過的、別人可能想不到的詞匯，會給閱卷人耳目一新的感覺。 In the coming three years，our sch

3、ool life will be difficult. →In the coming three years，our school life will be challenging. 3．短語優(yōu)先原則 多使用詞組、習(xí)語來代替一些單詞，以增加文采。 I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd like you to help me. →I want to tell you something about my plan for the summer vacation and I'd

4、 like you to do me a favor.(全國卷Ⅰ·書面表達) 4．避免重復(fù)原則 盡量避免過多地使用某一個單詞，必要時選擇使用其他恰當?shù)耐x詞或詞組來代替。 Any student who is interested is welcome to participate ...If you want to participate，you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@. →Any student who is interested is welcome to participate ...If you want to join，

5、you can send your photos to intlphotoshow@. (全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達) 二、高級詞匯積累45例 1．另外besides→in addition/what's more 2．總之in a word→to sum up/in conclusion/in summary 3．但是but→however 4．機會chance→opportunity 5．選擇choice→alternative 6．考慮consider→take into account/consideration 7．最終finally→eventually 8．勤奮的ha

6、rd-working→diligent 9．分發(fā)hand out→distribute 10．后果result→consequence 11．應(yīng)該should→be supposed to 12．決定decide→make up one's mind 13．理解understand→make sense of/figure out 14．可用的usable→available 15．使用use→employ/make use of 16．艱難的difficult→painstaking 17．改正，修改correct→polish 18．不同的different→vari

7、ous 19．想要want→intend 20．做，從事do→take up 21．獲得get→gain 22．記住remember→keep in mind 23．種類繁多all kinds of→a wide range of 24．和and→as well as 25．反對be against→object to 26．厭煩be bored with→be fed up with 27．忙于be busy in/with→be occupied in/with 28．發(fā)生happen→occur/come about 29．提高improve→promote 30

8、．重要的important→vital 31．立即immediately→in a flash 32．參加join→participate 33．巨大的large→enormous 34．有意義的meaningful→rewarding 35．許多many→a large quantity of 36．明顯的obvious→apparent 37．合適的proper→appropriate 38．豐富的rich→abundant 39．與……不同be different from→differ/vary from 40．渴望做……be eager to do→be dyin

9、g to do/long to do 41．因為because of→on account of 42．聞名be famous for→have a reputation for 43．越來越多more and more→an increasing number of 44．感到舒心feel comfortable→feel at ease 45．成功做某事succeed in doing sth.→make it [題組過關(guān)1]——升級文中加黑詞匯 Dear editor， With the development of economy，more and more (1._

10、_______)Chinese people are making a trip at home and abroad，which makes us not only enjoy more beautiful scenery but also learn more about the culture and the customs of the places we visit.Unfortunately，some of us shout loudly，litter or spit in public，which has harmed(2.________) the good reputatio

11、n of us Chinese. In my opinion，when going on trips，we should behave ourselves and obey the culture and customs there.Besides (3.________)，the environment should (4.________) be protected.In this way，we will win respect for ourselves and (5.________) our country.Finally (6.________)，we should always

12、 remember (7.________) that it is everyone's responsibility to uphold the image of our motherland. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 答案：1.an increasing number of 　2.done harm to　3.In addition　4.is supposed to　5.as well as 6．Eventually　7.keep in mind 　　　　　句式豐富，表述地道 寫作文時應(yīng)多運用一些高級句式和復(fù)合句，并注意句式的靈活多變，讓文章讀起來抑揚頓

13、挫，讓考生深厚的語言功底得以體現(xiàn)，讓作文跨上五檔線！ 一、利用復(fù)合句式，提升文章檔次 復(fù)合句包括定語從句，狀語從句和名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)。 1．增加亮點的定語從句 定語從句的應(yīng)用可以非常有效地提升表達檔次，在寫作中如果我們可以把兩個簡單句合并為一個含有定語從句的復(fù)合句，或者把并列句改為含有定語從句的復(fù)合句，這些都能為文章增加亮點。 ①I am Li Hua，a student from China.I am studying in London during the summer holiday. →I am Li Hua，a student fr

14、om China，who is studying in London during the summer holiday. (2019·全國卷Ⅰ·書面表達) ②The film is mainly related to the development of our school.It will greatly help us students know the school's history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school's development. →The film is mainly rel

15、ated to the development of our school，which will greatly help us students know the school's history better and appeal to us to make contributions to our school's development.(2019·全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達) ③We will go to Spring Mountain and there we can have a chimb. →We will go to Spring Mountain where we can h

16、ave a climb.(2017·浙江卷6月·應(yīng)用文寫作) 2．吸引眼球的狀語從句 在英語寫作中，狀語從句是經(jīng)常用到的句型，它的靈活運用能使作文更具吸引力。 ①Secondly，the inconvenience is not a problem if our purpose is to share Chinese culture. (2019·江蘇卷·書面表達) ②If you have any opinion about the film，please send emails to studentunion@. (2018·全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達) ③We can set ou

17、t early so that we will have more time to read and select books.(2016·全國卷Ⅲ·書面表達) ④When it comes to the season I like best，spring will always occur to me in no time.(2016·四川卷·書面表達) 3．提升檔次的名詞性從句 名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句，是寫作中常見的高級表達方式。 ①I think that I am qualified to be a volunteer.(賓語從句) (2019

18、·全國卷Ⅰ·書面表達) ②I do believe that I am very qualified for this voluntary work，because I have a good command of spoken English.(賓語從句)(2018·浙江卷6月·書面表達) ③It is known that we can benefit a lot from playing Ping Pong.(主語人句)(2017·全國卷Ⅲ·書面表達) ④That's why I think the trip along the Yangtze River is a better

19、choice.(表語從句)(2017·北京卷·書面表達) 二、利用句式變化、增加得分亮點 (一)常用7大句式，考場駕輕就熟 寫作中，如果考生能夠使用如強調(diào)句型，倒裝句型等特殊句式，不僅能彰顯考生的英語水平，還能提升寫作檔次。 1．省略句 ①If accepted，I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors. (2019·全國卷Ⅰ·書面表達) ②As (it is) scheduled，we participated in several instructive activities.(2016·天津卷·書面表達) ③

20、While taking this line，we can enjoy the beautiful scenery as well as the new looks of the villages and towns along the way.(2019·昆明調(diào)研·書面表達) 2．并列句型 ①I suggest that you begin from Beijing，and I'll show you around. (2019·北京卷·書面表達) ②To be honest，voters sometimes feel annoyed，not because they hate vo

21、ting，but because they are divided between emotion and fairness.(2016·江蘇卷·書面表達) ③Visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works，but also learn a lot. (2017·全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達) 3．強調(diào)句型 ①It is just the socalled inconvenience that displays the richness，delicacy and great fascination of Ch

22、inese culture with a history of thousands of years. (2019·江蘇卷·書面表達) ②It is through this voluntary work that it will enable me to learn English better and meanwhile to broaden my horizons.(2018·浙江卷6月·書面表達) 4．it句型 ①It is sad for me to hear that you'll return to your country soon.(it作形式主語) (2019·浙

23、江卷·應(yīng)用文寫作) ②I think it great fun to learn the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.(it作形式賓語) (2017·全國卷Ⅰ·書面表達) ③Everyone in our society should help those in need，but it is more important to be sincere and earnest.(it作形式主語) 5．倒裝句 ①At no time should you let phone games absorb you again and di

24、sappoint your parents. (2019·四川重點中學(xué)評估·書面表達) ②Not only is it a practical technique for writing Chinese characters，but it's a unique art form to purify our souls as well.(2019·福州質(zhì)量檢查·書面表達) 6．虛擬語氣 ①I wish that you could grasp this opportunity to learn traditional Chinese culture further. (2017·全國卷

25、Ⅱ·書面表達) ②Also，it's time that I took it into consideration what I will take up in the future. (2019·昆明質(zhì)量檢查·書面表達) 7．with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) ①With prices going up so fast, we can't afford luxuries. (2019·東北三省四市教研模擬) ②In the picture，we can see a boy in worn clothes，sitting at a shabby wooden table with a pile of

26、 books on it. (2019·濰坊二模) (二)言簡意明的非謂語動詞 恰當?shù)剡\用非謂語動詞，不僅句型多樣、句子活潑，而且讀起來結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、言簡意明。 1．Knowing an exhibition of Chinese painting will be held at the gallery next month，I'm writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer.(2019·全國卷Ⅰ·書面表達) 2．I would be happy to wear traditional Chinese clothes at

27、the welcome ceremony.(2019·江蘇卷·書面表達) 3．Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish，it is a little bit strange to walk around in it.(2019·江蘇卷·書面表達) 4．Located behind the library，the newly-built stadium looks really beautiful.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ·書面表達) 5．Hearing that you are rec

28、ruiting some volunteers to welcome the coming foreign students，I am gladly writing to apply for this job.(2018·浙江卷6月·書面表達) 6．To get admitted，I have made good preparations beforehand，trying to know as much as I could about my city. (2017·天津卷·書面表達) [題組過關(guān)2] 1．句型轉(zhuǎn)換 ①For another reason，different cul

29、tures and traditions from the past lead to many foreigners' living and working there with gladness.(變強調(diào)句型) →________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ②You can expect to receive only when you le

30、arn to give.(變?yōu)榈寡b句) →________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ③When we are faced with difficulties，we need friends to give us comfort and help.(變?yōu)楹蟹侵^語動詞的簡單句) →_______________________________

31、_________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ④It's time for us to take measures to protect endangered animals.(用虛擬語氣改寫句子) →________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________

32、__________________________________________ 2．合并句子 ①Our school is located in a northern city of China.In our school，you can taste many kinds of delicious food.It is well famous for its snacks.(用定語從句和原因狀語從句合并句子) →________________________________________________________________________ ____________

33、____________________________________________________________ ②He said a lot at the meeting.His words were very attractive.(用名詞性從句合并句子) →________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ______________

34、__________________________________________________________ ③We should speak more English.We think it is very important.(用it作形式賓語改寫句子) →________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _______________

35、_________________________________________________________ 答案：1.①For another reason，it is different cultures and traditions from the past that lead to many foreigners' living and working there with gladness. ②Only when you learn to give can you expect to receive. ③Faced with difficulties，we need f

36、riends to give us comfort and help. ④It's time we should take measures to protect endangered animals. 2．①Our school is located in a northern city of China，where you can taste many kinds of delicious food，because it is well famous for its snacks. ②What he said at the meeting was very attractive.

37、③We think it very important to speak more English. 　　　　　銜接過渡，巧妙運用 銜接與過渡詞語的運用是語言連貫性得以實現(xiàn)的重要途徑。在句與句之間，段與段之間恰當?shù)厥褂靡恍┏猩蠁⑾碌倪B接性語言是非常必要的?？忌鷳?yīng)掌握的連接性詞語如下： 1．起——創(chuàng)造良好開端 表示“起”的詞匯常用在段落或文章的開頭，用于開篇引出擴展句。常見的詞匯有：first，firstly，first of all，at first，in the first place，above all，to begin/start with，today，now，nowadays，

38、at present，recently，generally speaking，according to等。 First，I think everyone needs friends and is eager to get friendship. First of all，I'd like to know when the class will start and how many students there will be in a class. Nowadays/Recently，people in many big cities are complaining about the

39、heavy traffic. To begin/start with，smoking should be banned in public areas. Generally speaking, the more you practise，the more skillfully you can write in English. 2．承——順勢承上啟下 表示“承”的詞匯常用于承接主題句或第一個擴展句。 常見的詞匯有：second/secondly，also，besides，in addition，soon afterwards，after that，what's more，furthe

40、rmore，moreover，what's worse，still less，to make matters worse，worse still，for example，in other words，especially，particularly，obviously，meanwhile，at the same time等。 Besides，it is big enough to hold all the teachers and students in our school.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ·書面表達) What's more，the stadium opens from 9 a．m.

41、to 5 p．m.Monday to Friday.(2018·全國卷Ⅲ·書面表達) In addition，there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.(2017·全國卷Ⅱ·書面表達) As far as I'm concerned，every summer I stay at my uncle's house in the country for three weeks and enjoy a wonderful life there.(2016·四川卷·書面表達) Meanwhile/

42、At the same time，I will regard it as my duty to keep our environment clean and healthy. 3．轉(zhuǎn)——巧妙轉(zhuǎn)折過渡 表示“轉(zhuǎn)”的詞匯常用來表示不同或相反的意見或情況。常見的詞匯有：but，yet，however，while，otherwise，or(else)，on the contrary，on the other hand，contrary to，in any case，though，although，as，even if/though，despite，in spite of，regardless of

43、等。 On the other hand，online shopping also has many disadvantages. On the contrary，the volunteers always claim that they are tired of the life on earth. However，a plan can bear no fruit without being actually carried out.(2016·浙江卷6月·書面表達) But now，because my left foot was injured，I cannot go with

44、you as planned. 4．合——完美結(jié)束全文 表示“合”的詞匯常用于小結(jié)段落中上文的內(nèi)容，引導(dǎo)最后一個擴展句或引導(dǎo)結(jié)尾句表示段落的結(jié)束。常見的詞匯有：finally，last but not least，in short，in brief，in conclusion，in a/one word，to sum up，all in all，on the whole，in general等。 All in all，traveling is the best choice to recharge our-selves and get ready for the new challeng

45、es. On the whole，I find a bike more enjoyable than a motorcycle. In a word，success is important，and so is failure，because it's the mother of success. To sum up，environmental protection is of great importance，which can make us live more comfortably and healthily. [題組過關(guān)3]——選擇適當?shù)倪^渡詞或短語填空 Recentl

46、y many schools have taken tough measures to forbid students to bring their mobile phones to school.1.________，some students break this rule and some even play with their mobile phones in class. The disadvantages of students bringing mobile phones to school are obvious.2.________，mobile phones can d

47、istract students' attention.3.________，some students may get access to some unhealthy websites，which are bad for their development.4.________，some students are likely to compare the brands of their mobile phones with their classmates'. 5．________，I strongly support banning mobile phones in schools.

48、Only in this way can we devote more energies to our study and achieve our goals. 答案：1.However　2.On the one hand　3.On the other hand 　4.Worst of all　5.In my opinion Ⅰ.請用高級詞匯替換下列句子中加黑部分 1．As high school students，we should be neatly dressed when at school.are_supposed_to 2．The teacher directed th

49、e gifted students towards the more difficult courses.painstaking 3．We'll try our best to improve the traditional friendship between us.promote 4．He has decided to be a teacher when he grows up. made_up_his_mind 5．When you are bored with the people sometimes，you'd better find a quiet place，listen

50、ing to some classical music.fed_up_with Ⅱ.句式升級 1．I've always longed for the days.I will be able to be independent then.(用定語從句合并句子) →I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent. 2．This is my decision.All of us are to start at 6 o' clock tomorrow morning.(用表語從句合并句子) →My_

51、decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_6_o'clock_tomorrow_morning. 3．We all know that our friends will lend us a helping hand when we need help.(用as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句改寫句子) →As_we_all_know，our_friends_will_lend_us_a_helping_hand_when_we_need_help. (用主語從句改寫句子) →What_we_all_know_is_that_our_friends_wi

52、ll_lend_us_a_helping_hand_when_we_need_help. Ⅲ.升級加黑的銜接詞并添加銜接詞 Dear Jack， I'm sorry to hear that you are too addicted to making friends online.Now(①Nowadays/At_present)，many teenagers like making friends online.(②As_a_result/As_a_consequence)(結(jié)果)，they often neglect the friendship in real life.This

53、 has aroused social concern and I think it's unreasonable. As we all know/As is known to all，net friends aren't always worth trusting.Firstly(③To_begin_with/To_start_with/For_a_start)，they often talk with us in the name of a good person，but the truth is quite the contrary.Secondly(④In_addition/What

54、's_more)，making friends online will cost us much time and money，causing us not to focus our attention on study.Lastly(⑤Last_but_not_least)，we get along with our real friends more often than net friends.They can study and play together with us.(⑥The_most_important_of_all)(最重要的是), they always give us a hand when we are in trouble. (⑦In_a_word/In_conclusion/In_summary/To_sum_up)(總之)，making friends online isn't a good idea.So please come back to reality. Yours， Li Hua