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1、2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)閱讀專練 熱點(diǎn)58黑子與日冕等太陽(yáng)活動(dòng) 一、閱讀理解1 Thetemperatureofthesunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore(核心).Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesth
2、at,despitethehightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved. Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneand
3、finallythecore.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins. Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10,000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbesee
4、nduringaneclipse(日食)suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglare(刺眼的強(qiáng)光)ofthesun'srays. Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.
5、Thecorona'sraysflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike(一束束穗狀)raysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator. Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespace
6、aroundtheplanets.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheearth,theyareweakandinvisible. 1. Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun's. A. sizeB.ageC.locationD.temperature 2. Withwhattopicisthesecondparagraphmainlyconcerned? A. Howthesunevolved. B. Thestructureofthesun. 2023年中考英語(yǔ)時(shí)事熱點(diǎn)閱
7、讀專練 熱點(diǎn)58黑子與日冕等太陽(yáng)活動(dòng) 一、閱讀理解1 Thetemperatureofthesunisover5,000degreesFahrenheitatthesurface,butitrisestoperhapsmorethan16milliondegreesatthecenter.Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas,exceptatthecore(核心).Inthecoreofthesun,thepressuresaresogreatagainstthegasesthat,despitetheh
8、ightemperature,theremaybeasmallsolidcore.However,noonereallyknows,sincethecenterofthesuncanneverbedirectlyobserved. Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.Startingattheoutsideandgoingdownintothesun,thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore
9、.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.Butsincethesunhasnosolidsurface,itishardtotellwheretheatmosphereendsandthemainbodyofthesunbegins. Thesun'soutermostlayerbeginsabout10,000milesabovethevisiblesurfaceandgoesoutwardformillionsofmiles.Thisistheonlypartofthesunthatcanbeseenduringaneclip
10、se(日食)suchastheoneinFebruary1979.Atanyothertime,thecoronacanbeseenonlywhenspecialinstrumentsareusedoncamerasandtelescopestoshutouttheglare(刺眼的強(qiáng)光)ofthesun'srays. Thecoronaisabrilliant,pearlywhite,filmylight,aboutasbrightasthefullmoon.Itsbeautifulraysareasensationalsightduringaneclipse.Thecorona'sray
11、sflashoutinabrilliantfanthathaswispyspikelike(一束束穗狀)raysnearthesun'snorthandsouthpoles.Thecoronaisthickestatthesun'sequator. Thecoronaraysaremadeupofgasesstreamingoutwardattremendousspeedsandreachingatemperatureofmorethan2milliondegreesFahrenheit.Theraysofgasthinoutastheyreachthespacearoundtheplane
12、ts.Bythetimethesun'scoronaraysreachtheearth,theyareweakandinvisible. 1. Matteronthesuncanexistonlyintheformofgasbecauseofthesun's. A. sizeB.agelocationD.temperature 2. Withwhattopicisthesecondparagraphmainlyconcerned? A. Howthesunevolved. B. Thestructureofthesun. C. Whyscientistsstudythesun.
13、D. Thedistanceofthesunfromtheplanets. 3. Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe. A. coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.core 4. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusseswhichofthefollowing? A. Theremaininglayersofthesun. B. Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentform. C. Theec
14、lipseofFebruary1979. D. Scientistswillcostmoremoneyonresearchingthecorona. 【答案】DBDA 【解析】本文主要介紹了太陽(yáng)的相關(guān)知識(shí),包括太陽(yáng)的環(huán)境和結(jié)構(gòu)等等。 1. D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Thesunissomuchhotterthantheearththatmattercanexistonlyasagas可知太陽(yáng)比地球熱得多所以物質(zhì)只能以氣體的形式存在,故選D。 2. B推理判斷題。根據(jù)Solarastronomersdoknowthatthesunisdividedintofivelayersorzones.可
15、知第二段主要講的是太陽(yáng)的結(jié)構(gòu)。故選BD2田節(jié)理命牟題。木艮據(jù)thezonesarethecorona,chromosphere,photosphere,convectionzoneandfinallythecore.Thefirstthreezonesareregardedasthesun'satmosphere.可知核心core不屬于太陽(yáng)的大氣的部分,故選D。 3. A推理判斷題。本文主要講的是太陽(yáng)被分成了五層,介紹了其中的幾層,所以接下去的段落最有可能是討論太陽(yáng)的剩余的層。故選A。 2 Ifyourcellphonesuddenlystopsworking,don'tblamethe
16、serviceprovider.Themalfunction(故障)mighthavebeencausedbysomethingbigger—asolarstorm.Expertsexpectthattheearthwillseemoresolaractivitiesinthenearfuture.Themalfunctionofelectronicdevicesisjustoneoftheeffects. Sunspots(太K日黑子)serveasanindicator(標(biāo)志)ofthesun'sactivity.Forthepasttwoyears,sunspotshavemostly
17、beenmissing.Theirabsence,thelongestinnearly100years,hastakenevensunwatchersbysurprise. Whenthenumberofsunspotsdropsattheendofeach11-yearcycle,solarstormsdiedownandallbecomemuchcalmer.This"solarminimum"doesn't'tlastlong.Withinayear,sunspotsandsolarstormsbegintobuildtowardanewcrescendo—thenextsolarma
18、ximum. What'sspecialaboutthislatestcycleisthatthesunishavingtroublestartingthenextsolarcycle.Thesunbegantocalmdowninlate2007,sonooneexpectedmanysunspotsin2008.Theyshouldreturnin2010.Scientistshavepredictedthatthenextsolarcyclecouldbethemostactiveonrecord:moresunspotsandmoresolarstorms.However,sunsp
19、otsaremostlymissingnow Sincetheearthisinclosecontactwiththesun,strongsolaractivitiescanbringtroubletoourlife.Peopleofthe21stcenturyrelyonhigh-techsystemsforthebasicsofdailylife.Airtravelandradiocommunicationscanbeaffectedbystrongsolaractivities.Abigsolarstormcouldcause20timesmoreeconomicdamagethanH
20、urricaneKatrina. Whatthesunwilldonextisbeyondourabilitytopredict.Mostastronomersthinkthatthesolarcyclewillgoonbutatlowlevel.However,thereisalsoevidencethatthesunislosingitsabilitytoproducesunspots.By2015,theycouldbegonealtogether. 4. Thesunwatchersfeelsurprisedatthelongestsunspots1absenceB.thelarg
21、estsunspotnumber C.themalfunctionofelectronicdevicesD.theseriousdamagebysunspotsWhatdoestheunderlinedword“crescendo”inParagraph3mostprobablymean? A.smallnumberB.highlevelC.usualcycleD.freshstart 5. Whichstatementdoesthetextleadyoutobelieve? A. SolaractivitiesdonoharmtoourdailylifeHurricaneKatrin
22、aisalsoatypeofsolarstorms B. It'sdifficulttopredictsunspots. C. Fromnowonthere'renosunspots. 【答案】ABC 【解析】本文是說明文,介紹了與太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)周期、太陽(yáng)黑子與其對(duì)人類影響等相關(guān)知識(shí)。 5. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Forthepasttwoyears,sunspotshavemostlybeenmissing.Theirabsence,thelongestinnearly100years,hastakenevensunwatchersbysurprise』在過去的兩年里,太陽(yáng)黑子大部
23、分都消失To這是近100年來(lái)太陽(yáng)消失時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的一次,連太陽(yáng)觀測(cè)者都感到意外)”可知,太陽(yáng)觀測(cè)者感到意外的是太陽(yáng)黑子長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的消失。故選A項(xiàng)。 6. 詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)三第自然段"Withinayear,sunspotsandsolarstormsbegintobuildtowardanewcrescendo—thenextsolarmaximum.(在一年之內(nèi),太陽(yáng)黑子和太陽(yáng)風(fēng)暴開始形成一個(gè)新的crescendo下一 個(gè)高峰期)”中破折號(hào)(表解釋說明)可知,thenextsolarmaximum(下一個(gè)太陽(yáng)活動(dòng)高峰期)是對(duì)crescendo的解釋,所以crescendo就是指“高峰期,頂點(diǎn)”。
24、故選B項(xiàng)。 7. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六自然段中"Whatthesunw川donextisbeyondourabilitytopredict.(太陽(yáng)接下來(lái)要做什么超出了我們的預(yù)測(cè)能力)”和下文天文學(xué)家對(duì)solarcycle的不同預(yù)測(cè)可推知,太陽(yáng)黑子是很難預(yù)測(cè)的。故選C項(xiàng)。 3 ScientistswhostudytheSunwatchforsunspots一violentstormsthatcanaffectcommunications,navigationsystemsandevenelectricpowerstationsontheEarth. Sunspotsareaproduct
25、ofhugeelectromagneticstormsontheSun.ScientistsontheEarthareabletoobservesunspotseightminutesaftertheyhappen.ThatishowlongittakesfbrtheSun'slighttoreachus. Thefirstelectricallychargedparticles(顆粒)fromasunspotentertheEarth'satmosphereabout20to30minutesafterthestormhappens.Theseparticlescanharmhumanbe
26、ings.Sobeforetheyarrive,astronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialareasdesignedtoprotectthemfromtheireffects. Aboutadayortwolater,thebiggestpartofthestormarrives.Itiscalledacoronalmassejection."ThatisbillionsoftonsofsolarmaterialthafsblownawayfromtheSun.It'stravelingmillionsofkilometer
27、sanhour,butthatisrelativelyslow."saysAlexYoung,theAssociateDirectorforScienceatNASA'sHeliophysicsScienceDivision. SeveralciviliangovernmentagenciesandtheU.S.AirForcewatchweatherconditionsinspace24hoursaday.NASAdoessobecauseitmustprotectitsastronautsandtheelectronicdevicesonitsspacecraft. Scientist
28、sarealsotryingtounderstandwhythenumberofsunspotsrisesandfallsatalmostregularintervalsevery11years.Inotherwords,scientistscanalmostpredicttheamountofsolaractivity.Sometimestheintensity(弓雖度)ishigher,sometimeslower,Forexample,thecurrentsolarcycle,asitiscalled,ismuchlowerthanthepreviousone. Severalsate
29、lliteswatchtheSunandtheenvironmentbetweentheSunandthoEarth.PicturesandotherinformationfromthesatellitestellscientistswhatishappeningonandneartheSun. AlexYoungsayswehaveonlybeenlookingattheSunwithpowerfulinstrumentsforabout30to40years.Thatisaveryshorttimecomparedtothefourbillionyearsthatthestarhasbe
30、enshining. 8. WhydoastronautsonInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialarea? D. Toprotectdevicesonthespacecraft. 10. WhatenablesscientiststowatchtheSun? A.Theroleofsatellites. 11. Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout? C. Communicationontheearth. 【答案】ACCB 【解析】本文是一篇說明文,介紹了太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)及其對(duì)地球的影響。 6. 細(xì)
31、節(jié)理解題。由第三段可知,太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)時(shí)發(fā)出的帶電蜘粒,對(duì)人類有危害,由本段中的“Sobeforetheyarrive,astronautsontheInternationalSpaceStationmoveintospecialareasdesignedtoprotectthemfromtheireffects.所以在他們到達(dá)之前,國(guó)際空間站的宇航員會(huì)進(jìn)入特殊區(qū)域,以保護(hù)他們免受影響??芍?,為了讓宇航員免受帶電粒子之苦,國(guó)際空間站的宇航員會(huì)進(jìn)入特殊區(qū)域。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)。 7. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文中倒數(shù)第三段第一句Scientistsarealsotryingtounderstandw
32、hythenumberofsunspotsrisesandfallsatalmostregularintervalsevery11years.科學(xué)家們也在試圖了解為什么太陽(yáng)黑子的數(shù)量幾乎每11年會(huì)有定期的升降。可知,太陽(yáng)黑子的活動(dòng)周期是11年,選項(xiàng)C符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。 8. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的第一句AlexYoungsayswehaveonlybeenlookingattheSunwithpowerfulinstrumentsforabout30to40years.AlexYoung說我們用強(qiáng)大的儀器,觀測(cè)太陽(yáng)已經(jīng)有30到40年了??芍?,科學(xué)家們利用功能強(qiáng)大的儀器設(shè)備觀測(cè)太陽(yáng),選項(xiàng)
33、C符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。 9. 主旨大意題。根據(jù)完整第一段"ScientistswhostudytheSunwatchforsunspots一violentstormsthatcanaffectcommunications,navigationsystemsandevenelectricpowerstationsontheEarth.”及全文內(nèi)容可矢口,本文主要介紹的有關(guān)太陽(yáng)黑子活動(dòng)的一些發(fā)現(xiàn),選項(xiàng)B符合題意。故選B項(xiàng)。 Marswasoncewet,withanocean'sworthofwateronitssurface.Today,mostofMarsisasdryasadeserte
34、xceptforicedepositsinitspolarregions.Wheredidtherestofthewatergo? Someofitdisappearedintospace.Watermolecules,beatenbyparticlesofsolarwind,brokeapartintohydrogenandoxygenatoms,andthose,especiallythelighterhydrogenatoms,spedoutoftheatmosphere,losttoouterspace. Butmostofthewater,anewstudyconcludes,w
35、entdown,suckedintotheredplanet'srocks.Andthereitremains,trappedwithinmineralsandsalts.Indeed,asmuchas99%ofthewaterthatonceflowedonMarscouldstillbethere,theresearchersestimatedinapaperpublishedthisweekinthejournalScience.BethanyEhlmann,aprofessorofplanetaryscienceattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnologya
36、ndoneoftheauthorsofthepaper,saidthatastherocksarealteredbyliquidwater,watermoleculesbecomeincorporated(并入)intomineralslikeclays. ThedataandsimulationsindicatedthatthewateronMarswasalmostallgoneby3billionyearsago,aroundthetuneonEarthwhenlifeconsistedofsingle-cellmicrobesintheoceans.Withoutatimemachi
37、ne,thereisnowaytoobservedirectlyhowmuchwaterwasonayoungerMarsmorethan3billionyearsago.ButthehydrogenatomsfloatingtodayintheatmosphereofMarspreserveaghostlyhintoftheancientocean. OnEarth,about1in5,000hydrogenatomsisaversionknownasdeuterium(重氫;氫的同位素)thatistwiceasheavybecauseitsnucleuscontainsbothaneu
38、tronandaproton.ButonMars,theconcentrationofdeuteriumismarkedlyhigher,about1in700.ScientistsattheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenterwhoreportedthisfindingin2015saidthiscouldbeusedtocalculatetheamountofwaterMarsoncehad. 10. Whycan*twaterbefoundonMarsnowexceptforicedepositsinpolarregions? A. Becauseitwastra
39、nsformedintodeuterium. B. Becauseitwasbeatenintoparticlesbysolarwind. C. Becausemostofitwasintegratedandsomedisappeared. D. Becauseitbrokedownintohydrogenandoxygenatoms. 11. Whatisimpliedaboutdeuteriuminthelastparagraph? A. Itistwicetheweightofhydrogen. B. Itsnucleuscontainsaneutronandaproton.
40、 C. ItsconcentrationonEarthismarkedlyhigherthanonMarsItenlightensscientistsonthemeasurementofwateronMars. 12. Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythisarticleappear? A. Science.B.Travel.C.Entertainment.D.Education. 13. Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext? A. Mars:OnceWet,NowDryAtoms:HydrogenorDeuterium?
41、 B. Microbes:Single-cellorMulti-cell? C. WaterVanished:ThisMightBeWhereItWent 【答案】CDAD 【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要說明了火星上消失的水一部分可能消失了,大部分可能沉入了火星的紅色巖石中。 12. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Someofitdisappearedintospace.(一些水消失在太空中。)”和第三段"Butmostofthewater,anewstudyconcludes,wentdown,suckedintotheredplanetsrocks.(但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,大部分的水都沉入了
42、火星的巖石中。)”可知原因是一部分消失了,大部分集合在巖石中。故選C。 13. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段"ScientistsattheNASAGoddardSpaceFlightCenterwhoreportedthisfindingin2015saidthiscouldbeusedtocalculatetheamountofwaterMarsoncehad.(美國(guó)宇航局戈達(dá)德太空飛行中心的科學(xué)家在2015年報(bào)告了這一發(fā)現(xiàn),稱這可以用來(lái)計(jì)算火星曾經(jīng)擁有的水的數(shù)量。)”可知,寬激發(fā)了科學(xué)家關(guān)于火星的水的測(cè)量。故選D。 14. 推理判斷題。閱讀可知這是一篇科普類說明文,因此推測(cè)可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙
43、的科學(xué)板塊。故選A。 15. 主旨大意題。通讀全文以及根據(jù)第三段"Butmostofthewater,anewstudyconcludes,wentdown,suckedintotheredplanet'srocks.(但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明,大部分的水都沉入了火星的巖石中。)”可知,本文主要講述了火星消失的水可能在哪里,ABC三個(gè)選項(xiàng)太片面。故選D。 5 The2012LondonOlympicshadenoughproblemstoworryabout.Butonemorehasjustbeenadded-acommunicationsblackoutcausedbysolarstorm
44、s. AfteraperiodofcalmwithintheSun,scientistshavedetectedthesignsofafleshcycleofsunspotsthatcouldpeakin2012,justintimeforthearrivaloftheOlympictorchinLondon. NowscientistsbelievethatthispeakcouldresultinvastsolarexplosionsthatcouldthrowbillionsoftonsofchargedmattertowardstheEarth,causingstrongsolar
45、stormsthatcouldjamthetelecommunicationssatellitesandinteractlinkssendingfiveOlympicbroadcastfromLondon. "TheSun'sactivityhasastronginfluenceontheEarth.TheOlympicscouldbeinthemiddleofthenextsolarmaximumwhichcouldaffectthefunctionsofcommunicationssatellites/saidProfessorRichardHarrison,headofspacephy
46、sicsattheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryinOxfordshire. Atthepeakofthecycle,violentoutburstscalledcoronalmassejections(日冕物質(zhì)拋射)occurintheSurfsatmosphere,throwingoutgreatquantitiesofelectrically-chargedmatter."Acoronalmassejectioncancarrya billiontonsofsolarmaterialintospaceatoveramillionkilometresperho
47、ur.Sucheventscanexposeastronautstoadeadlyamount,candisablesatellites,causepowerfailuresonEarthanddisturbcommunications/ProfessorHarrisonadded.Theriskisgreatestduringasolarmaximumwhenthereisthegreatestnumberofsunspots. NextweekinAmerica,NASAisscheduledtolaunchasatelliteformonitoringsolaractivitycall
48、edtheSolarDynamicsObservatory(SDO),whichwilltakeimagesoftheSunthatare10timesclearerthanthemostadvancedtelevisionsavailable. TheRutherfordAppletonLaboratoryhelpedtomakethehigh-techcamerasthatwillcaptureimagesofthesolarflares(太K日耀斑)andexplosionsastheyoccur. ProfessorRichardHoldaway,thelab'sdirector,
49、saidthattheSDOshouldbeabletoprovideearlywarningofasolarflareorexplosionbigenoughtoaffectsatellitecommunicationsonEarth"Ifwehaveadvancewarning,wellbeabletoreducethedamage.Whatyoudon'twantisthingsswitchingoffforaweekwithnoideaofwhat'scausedtheproblem/*hesaid. 16. Thephrase"communicationsblackout1'inp
50、aragraph1mostprobablyreferstoduringthe2012Olympics. A. theextinguishingoftheOlympictorchthecollapseofbroadcastingsystems B. thetransportationbreakdowninLondonthedestructionofweathersatellites 17. Whatcanbeinferredaboutthesolaractivitydescribedinthepassage? A. Themostfatalmatterfromthecoronafalls
51、ontoEarth. B. Thesolarstormpeakoccursinthemiddleofeachcycle. C. IttakesseveralsecondsforthechargedmattertoreachEarth. D. Thenumberofsunspotsdeclinesaftercoronalmassejections. 18. Accordingtothepassage,NASAwilllaunchasatelliteto. A.takeimagesofthesolarsystemB.provideearlywarningofthunderstormsC.
52、keeptrackofsolaractivitiesD.improvethecommunicationsonEarth 19. Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage? A. SolarStorms:AnInvisibleKillerSolarStorms:EarthEnvironmentinDanger B. SolarStorms:ThreateningtheHumanRaceSolarStorms:HumanActivitiestoBeTroubled 【答案】BDCD 【解析】略6 TheUnitedStates
53、spaceagencywillsendaspacecrafttoexplorethesunmorecloselythaneverbeforeonSaturday.NASA'SParkerSolarProbe(探測(cè)器)willflythroughthehotsolaratmosphereandcomewithinjust6millionkilometersofthesun'ssurface. TheParkerProbewillgetalmostseventimesclosertothesunthanearlierspacecraft.Todothis,itwillflypastVenus(金
54、星)seventimesoversevenyears.Eachpasswillchangetheprobe'sorbitbyprovidingagravitypush.Itwillmoveeverclosertothesunandstraightintothecorona(日冕),thesun'soutermostatmosphere. Byexploringthesun'scorona,scientistshopetolearnwhyitishundredsoftimeshotterthanthesun'ssurface.Theywillalsostudywhatdrivesthesola
55、rwind. Theprojectwasproposedin1958,thesameyearNASAwasestablished.Now,"it'sbecomingareality,"saidprojectmanagerAndyDriesman. TheParkerspacecrafthasa2.4meterheatshield(護(hù)罩)thatis11centimetersthick.Itismadeoftwocarbonsheets.Thefronthasawhitecoatingtoreflectsunlight.Itisexpectedtoshineredwhenitexperien
56、cestheextremesolarheat.Almosteverythingonthespacecraftwillbebehindthisshieldtokeepitsscientificinstrumentsrelativelycool. Besides,thespacecraftwillalsobetravelingatahighspeed.Theprobewillreach690,000kilometersperhourinthecorona.ThespacecraftwillmakeitsfirstflightpastVenusinearlyOctober.Itsfirstpass
57、bythesunisexpectedinNovember. TheParkerSolarProbeisthefirstNASAspacecrafttobenamedaftersomeonewhoisstillalive.EugeneParkerisa91-year-oldprofessorattheUniversityofChicago.Hepredictedtheexistenceofsolarwind60yearsago.HeplanstobeatCapeCanaveralAirForceStationinthesouthernstateofFloridatoseethelaunch.
58、 20. What'stheadvantageoftheParkerProbecomparedtotheearlierones? A. Itcanchangetheorbitbyflyingpastthesun. B. Itcangetclosertothesunandintothecorona. C. Itcanstudytheeffectofsolarwind. D. Itcanflythroughthehotsolaratmospherewithoutprotection. 21. Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage? A. Humanhadlit
59、tleachievementsinexploringthesun. B. EugeneParkeristhefirstonetostudythesun. C. TheParkerProbehastogetclosetothesunwiththehelpofVenus. D. Humancangetclosetothesun*ssurfacewithin6millionkilometerstoday. 22. WhatcanwelearnaboutEugeneParker? A.HestartedNASA.B.Heforesawthesolarwindwhenhewas31. C.
60、HedesignedtheParkerspacecraft. D. HewillstudythesunusingtheParkerspacecraft. 23. Judgingfromthecontent,thepassagemostprobablybelongsto. A.astorybookB.anadvertisementC.asciencefictionD.anewsreport 【答案】BCBD 【解析】這是一則新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了美國(guó)航天局將發(fā)射一艘宇宙飛船,比以往任何時(shí)候都更近距離地探索太陽(yáng)。該飛船被命名為帕克太陽(yáng)探測(cè)器,將穿越炎熱的太陽(yáng)大氣和僅僅600萬(wàn)公里的太陽(yáng)表面
61、。 20. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的TheParkerProbewillgetalmostseventimesclosertothesunthanearlierspacecraft.帕克探測(cè)器將比早期航天器接近太陽(yáng)近7倍。可知,和之前的探測(cè)器相比,帕克探測(cè)器更接近于太陽(yáng)。故選B。 21. 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的Todothis,itwillflypastVenus(金星)seventimesoversevenyears.Eachpasswillchangetheprobe*sorbitbyprovidingagravitypush.Itwillmoveeverclosertothesun
62、andstraightintothecorona(H冕).為了做到這一點(diǎn),它將在7年中飛過金星7次。每次通過都會(huì)提供重力推動(dòng),改變探測(cè)器的軌道。它會(huì)越來(lái)越靠近太陽(yáng),直接進(jìn)入日冕。可知,飛船要接近太陽(yáng)必須依靠進(jìn)行提供的動(dòng)力,即帕克探測(cè)器必須在金星的幫助下接近太陽(yáng)。故選C。 22. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)EugeneParkerisa91-year-oldprofessorattheUniversityofChicago.Hepredictedtheexistenceofsolarwind60yearsago.尤金?帕克是芝加哥大學(xué)91歲的教授。他在60年前就預(yù)言了太陽(yáng)風(fēng)的存C.Whyscientis
63、tsstudythesun. D.Thedistanceofthesunfromtheplanets. 3. Allofthefollowingarepartsofthesun'satmosphereEXCEPTthe. A.coronaB.chromosphereC.photosphereD.core 4. Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusseswhichofthefollowing? A. Theremaininglayersofthesun. B. Theevolutionofthesuntoitspresentf
64、orm. C. TheeclipseofFebruary1979. D. Scientistswillcostmoremoneyonresearchingthecorona. 2 Ifyourcellphonesuddenlystopsworking,don'tblametheserviceprovider.Themalfunction(故障)mighthavebeencausedbysomethingbigger—asolarstorm.Expertsexpectthattheearthwillseemoresolaractivitiesinthenearfuture.Themalf
65、unctionofelectronicdevicesisjustoneoftheeffects. Sunspots(太陽(yáng)黑子)serveasanindicator(標(biāo)志)ofthesun'sactivity.Forthepasttwoyears,sunspotshavemostlybeenmissing.Theirabsence,thelongestinnearly100years,hastakenevensunwatchersbysurprise. Whenthenumberofsunspotsdropsattheendofeach11-yearcycle,solarstormsdied
66、ownandallbecomemuchcalmer.This"solarminimumndoesn't'tlastlong.Withinayear,sunspotsandsolarstormsbegintobuildtowardanewcrescendo—thenextsolarmaximum. What'sspecialaboutthislatestcycleisthatthesunishavingtroublestartingthenextsolarcycle.Thesunbegantocalmdowninlate2007,sonooneexpectedmanysunspotsin2008.Theyshouldreturnin2010.Scientistshavepredictedthatthenextsolarcyclecouldbethemostactiveonrecord:moresunspotsandmoresolarstorms.However,sunspotsaremostlymissingnow Sincetheearthisinclosecontactwitht
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