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必修一 Unit 1 單元話題 語篇訓(xùn)練（每單元3練） 練(一)　閱讀理解組塊專練——練速度 (限時：35分鐘) Ⅰ.閱讀理解 A Kenny Li is waiting patiently at a coach terminus(終點(diǎn)站) in Kowloon on a misty and cold Hong Kong morning. He is planning to have lunch in the city of Zhuhai, which on a normal day would take him about four hours to reach by road. But today the journey will take just over 30 minutes, because today is not a normal day. Kenny is one of scores of passengers — including the correspondent (記者) — who are queuing for a seat on one of the first crossborder coaches to travel over the newlyopened Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge. The DS| 20bn, 55km bridge and 6.7km undersea tunnel link Hong Kongs Lantau island to Zhuhai on the southern coast of Guangdong Province and Macao. The mega structure is supported by three cablestayed bridges and designed to withstand typhoonforce winds. It took more than eight years to build and, according to ambitious plans hatched (策劃) in Beijing, will help form a hightech and economic region, namely Greater Bay Area, to rival New York, San Francisco and Tokyo bay areas. But those lofty aims feel fairly irrelevant to the band of eager passengers who have assembled at the Kowloon coach terminus on Wednesday morning. This group wants something different from the HZMB, as it has bee known. For just HK DS| 120 for a single trip ticket, we can be part of history. “I was the first person to get the ticket three days ago，” says Li, as he waits patiently for the coach to arrive. Other passengers are similarly excited. YW Cheung and his wife bought the tickets on Sunday as soon as he heard about the news about coach panies running the bridge service. “I want to take the first coach to cross the bridge，” he said. “We will meet friends in Zhuhai and eat out with them, and then we will go to Macao.” 語篇解讀：港珠澳大橋是中國境內(nèi)一座連接香港、珠海和澳門的橋隧工程。2018年10月24日大橋正式通車。本文主要報道了港珠澳大橋通車時人們期待乘坐長途公共汽車來往于三地的情景。 1．Why is today different for Kenny Li? A．Because it is a misty and cold day in the morning. B．Because he has to wait patiently at a coach terminus. C．Because the time to Zhuhai will be saved more. D．Because he can have lunch in Zhuhai by road. 解析：選C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可推知，對Kenny Li來說，今天之所以特殊是因為他可以乘坐貫穿港珠澳大橋的公共長途汽車，這大大地縮短了到珠海的時間，故選C。 2．What is special for Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge? A．It can withstand typhoonforce winds. B．A round trip ticket of the coach by it just costs HK ＄120. C．It is irrelevant to passengers at the Kowloon coach terminus. D．It is part of history, more brilliant than New York. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“The mega structure is supported by three cablestayed bridges and designed to withstand typhoonforce winds.”可推知，港珠澳大橋的特別之處在于其能承受臺風(fēng)，故選A。 3．Where does this text probably e from? A．A fashion magazine.　　　 B．A history book. C．A tourist brochure. D．A latest newspaper. 解析：選D　文章出處題。根據(jù)全文的內(nèi)容和語言風(fēng)格可推知，本文是一篇新聞報道，主要報道了港珠澳大橋建成通車時的情形，由此可推知，本文可能出自一份最新的報紙，故選D。 B Three experimental fields of seawater rice were harvested in China on Wednesday, a further step toward its future practical use. Also known as salinealkali tolerant rice (耐鹽堿水稻), the seawater rice is designed to grow in seaside flats or other areas with high salt content and has been developed by experts through crossbreeding (雜交) and other technologies. One type of seawater rice growing in Qingdaos Chengyang district, Shandong Province, produced 3.9 metric tons (公噸) per hectare (公頃), experts announced. Once widely planted in large areas, the output could be much higher. The Qingdao SalineAlkali Tolerant Rice Research and Development Center, led by renowned Chinese agricultural scientist Yuan Longping, was established several years ago. It set itself a threeyear target of developing a kind of saltresistant rice capable of producing 4.5 tons a hectare, which would guarantee growers the minimum acceptable level of profit. The average rice output in China is 6.75 tons a hectare. Planting in the experimental field in Chengyang district and five other plots of salinealkali land started at the end of May. The five other plots were in Dongying, Shandong Province; Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; Yanan, Shaanxi Province; Kashgar, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; and Daqing, Heilongjiang Province. The sites represent actually every type of salinealkali land in China and researchers aim to grow different kinds of rice able to cope with different climate, salinity and soil structure conditions. The test crops in Kashgar and Daqing were also harvested on Wednesday. In Kashgar, the output reached more than 7.5 tons per hectare, according to experts tests, much higher than expected. The harvest in Kashgar was satisfactory. The result means it is possible to plant such saltresistant rice in southern Xinjiang in the future. Xinjiang has about 2 million hectares of salinealkali land that have the potential to be planted with saltresistant rice, and if it is widely planted it will generally improve rice production in the region. The seawater rice grown in Daqing only produced 3.1 tons per hectare. A live video on Shandong TV showed growers appearing a little disappointed by the result, as they hoped the experts efforts would increase production greatly. The water and soil conditions of the site were not ideal, and the pH level was extremely high. 語篇解讀：2018年7月，青島海水稻研發(fā)中心傳來喜訊，袁隆平試種的包括“海水稻”在內(nèi)的80多個水稻品種分批成熟?！昂Ｋ尽毖芯吭趪鴥?nèi)外都有很長的一段歷史，袁隆平領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的海水稻項目使中國技術(shù)處于海水稻研究的前列。 4．Which is the main feature of seawater rice according to the text? A．It has a shorter growing period. B．It is a kind of highly productive crop. C．It can grow in the soil with high salt content. D．it is the bination of many technologies. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“the seawater rice is designed to grow in seaside flats or other areas with high salt content”可知，海水稻最大的優(yōu)勢是可以種植在含鹽量高的土壤里 。 5．How much rice does a farmer harvest at least to meet the cost? A．3.9 tons a hectare. B．4.5 tons a hectare. C．6.75 tons a hectare. D．7.5 tons a hectare. 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“which would guarantee growers the minimum acceptable level of profit”可知，每公頃4.5噸的產(chǎn)量對種植者來說是最低的收益保障。 6．The researchers chose the experimental fields according to ________. A．the distance between them B．the type of the soil and climate C．the local governments support D．the local agricultural conditions 解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，研究人員選擇試驗田的依據(jù)是氣候、土壤的鹽度和土壤結(jié)構(gòu)。 7．What can we infer about the seawater rice from the last paragraph? A．The seawater rice is not fit for all kinds of salinealkali soils. B．It is impossible for the seawater rice to have a good harvest. C．Growers from Shandong Province were a little disappointed by the result. D．The output of the seawater rice grown in Daqing is the lowest. 解析：選A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，海水稻并非適合所有的土壤。 C (2019押題卷四)Some of the questions you ask your human resources (HR) (人力資源) department could soon be answered by, well, nonhumans. Thats the concept behind Talla, a Bostonarea startup that has developed a chatbot (一種聊天程序) to do some of the tasks that HR departments carry out, including explaining pany policy, surveying employees, collecting information or training new hires. The Talla bot operates inside enterprise group messaging software, such as Slack, HipChat or Microsoft Teams, which has increasingly bee an alternative to email as a method of digital munication within panies. Some 1,200 panies have brought in Talla, about a quarter of whom use the service regularly, said Tallas founder Rob May. Robots promise to be a violent force in the global economy. Some scientists expect they will undoubtedly replace lowwage workers, such as drivers and factory labor. As artificial intelligence continues to bee more developed, robots may eventually do work instead of humans in many fields. Already, bots are being employed in fields as varied as law, journalism, medicine and engineering. Does that mean HR will depend only on bots? Maybe, but not for several decades, predicts May. In fact, he says the introduction of chatbots to HR allows the human staff to focus on tasks that require a greater degree of intellect. “Whats actually going to happen is that youre going to allow the HR department to be more human by automating (使自動化) a lot of their repeated work，” he said. “HR spends a lot of time doing these lowlevel, monotonous tasks，” May continued. “What youll find is that more of the work that does not need municating with other humans is the kind of work that will be automated.” 語篇解讀：本文屬于科普說明文，主要介紹了Rob May的公司Talla開發(fā)的聊天程序，它用來幫助人力資源部做那些重復(fù)性的、不需要與人交流的單調(diào)工作。 8．What do we know about chatbots? A．They can increase human staffs intelligence. B．They help panies advance their service. C．They are weled in many panies. D．They will get less and less human. 解析：選C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第二段中的“Some 1,200 panies have brought in Talla, about a quarter of whom use the service regularly”說明Talla開發(fā)的chatbot被很多公司運(yùn)用。 9．What will HR do according to May? A．Use chatbots instead of robots. B．municate more with chatbots. C．Let chatbots replace them pletely soon. D．Free themselves from less significant tasks. 解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的最后一句和最后一段中的第一句可知，Rob May認(rèn)為人力資源部的那些任務(wù)難度相對小的、重復(fù)性的、不需要與人交流的、不太重要的工作會自動化，這樣人力資源部的人就可以抽身去做其他更有意義的工作。 10．What does the underlined word “monotonous” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Hard. B．Boring. C．Hopeless. D．Worthless. 解析：選B　詞義猜測題。本句前一句談到通過自動化，人力資源部就無須再做那些重復(fù)性的工作。結(jié)合該段，由于是重復(fù)性的、無須與他人交流的工作，故可推知這些工作“單調(diào)乏味”。故選B項。 11．What does the text mainly focus on? A．Chatbots role and HR. B．Robots and chatbots. C．HRs heavy work. D．Chatbots future. 解析：選A　主旨大意題。本文主要講了Rob May的公司Talla開發(fā)的聊天程序chatbot運(yùn)用到了人力資源行業(yè)，幫助做一些人力資源行業(yè)中單調(diào)乏味的工作。因此選A。 D (2019鄭州質(zhì)檢)Imagine youre standing in line to buy a snack at a store.You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food.Next, you have to pay.But instead of scanning a QR code (二維碼) with your smartphone, you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint.Or, a camera scans your face, your eyes or even your ear. Now, this type of technology might not be far away.As technology panies move away from the traditional password, biometric (生物特征識別的) security, which includes fingerprints, faces and voice ID, is being increasingly popular. In 2013, Apple introduced the iPhone 5s, one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner.Since then, using ones fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has bee a monplace, bringing convenience to our lives.And since 2016, Samsung has featured eyescanning technology in its top smartphones, while Apples new iPhone X can even scan a users face.But despite its popularity, experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure as we imagine.“Biometrics is ideally good in practice, not so much，” said John Michener, a biometrics expert. When introducing the new iPhones face ID feature, Phil Schiller, Apples senior vicepresident, said, “The chance that a random person in the population could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with their face is about one in a million.” But its already been done.In a video posted on a munity website Reddit, two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face.And they arent even twins. “We may expect too much from biometrics，” Anil Jain, a puter science professor at Michigan State University, told CBS News.“No security systems are perfect.” Earlier last year, Jain found a way to trick biometric security.Using a printed copy of a thumbprint, she was able to unlock a dead persons smartphone for the police, according to a tech website Splinter.“Its good to see biometrics being used more，” Jain told CBS News, “because it adds another factor for security.But using multiple security measures is the best defense.” 語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了生物測量術(shù)的應(yīng)用及其存在的一些安全問題。 12．Which is the latest identification technology in a smartphone according to the passage? A．Face scanning. B．Eye scanning. C．QR code scanning. D．Fingerprint scanning. 解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，2013年iPhone 5s使用了指紋掃描；2016年三星在智能手機(jī)上運(yùn)用了眼部掃描技術(shù)，而iPhone X甚至可以掃描用戶的臉。所以，在智能手機(jī)中最新的識別技術(shù)應(yīng)是面部識別。 13．What is a major problem of the iPhone Xs face ID system? A．It takes too long to unlock the phone. B．It often fails to recognize its owners face. C．Face data can be used for other purposes. D．Different faces can be used to unlock the same phone. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的最后兩句可知，iPhone X的面部識別技術(shù)的問題是不同的臉可以解鎖同一部手機(jī)。 14．What is Anil Jains opinion about biometric security? A．It is as secure as traditional measures. B．It is perfect without much improvement. C．It has caused much trouble for the police. D．It should be used with other security measures. 解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的最后一句可知，Anil Jain認(rèn)為生物測量術(shù)應(yīng)該與其他保護(hù)措施一起使用。 15．What does the author intend to tell us in this passage? A．The popularity of biometrics. B．Security problems of biometrics. C．Various problems with biometrics. D．Great changes caused by biometrics. 解析：選B　寫作目的題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其是第三段中的最后兩句可知，通過這篇文章作者想告訴我們的是生物測量術(shù)存在的一些安全問題。 Ⅱ.閱讀七選五 (2019貴陽摸底)Many teenagers want to look cool. __16__ Chloe Murray, an eighthgrader at Jefferson Middle School in the US, realized this problem and established a charitable clothes closet (衣櫥) to help her peers. __17__ The school let her use a room for the project. Chloes classmates joined her as well. Last month, the charitable clothes closet, called Chloes Closet, opened. __18__ “Confidence is a real issue in middle school, especially when it es to clothing，” Chloe told the Chicago Tribune, a daily newspaper in Chicago, the US. __19__ Many people from the schools munity and neighboring schools donated used and new clothes. The clothes closet is only open after school. Students can “buy” these clothes by earning “money” when they turn in their schoolwork on time, make corrections on homework, participate in a school activity or express helpfulness to their peers and teachers. Since the first week in March, about 100 items have been “sold” to students. “__20__ Then, they will be better able to focus on the learning material rather than paying too much attention to what they are wearing，”Shannon Arko, a language arts teacher at the school, said about the mission (使命) of the closet.“Feeling good about yourself translates into a better learning experience overall.” A．Where are the clothes from? B．Her school supported the idea too. C．Fashion has already bee an important part of students lives. D．You need to supply children with basic needs, such as clothing. E．But everyone can afford to keep up with the changing fashion trends. F．But not everyone can afford to keep up with the changing fashion trends. G．Its filled with trendy clothes for girls and boys to help students look their best. 語篇解讀：本文主要介紹了一個美國學(xué)生發(fā)起的并得到學(xué)校支持的慈善衣櫥活動。 16．解析：選F　此處承接上文的“Many teenagers want to look cool”，再結(jié)合下文的慈善衣櫥可推知，并不是每個人都有錢去緊跟時尚潮流，所以F項符合語境。 17．解析：選B　此處承接下文中的“The school let her use a room for the project”，由此可推知，學(xué)校對Chloe的這一舉動予以支持，故B項符合語境。 18．解析：選G　根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容及空后一句可推知，Chloe建立這樣一個慈善衣櫥是為了幫助同齡人表現(xiàn)出最好的狀態(tài)，因此衣櫥里捐贈的都是時尚的衣物，所以G項符合語境。 19．解析：選A　根據(jù)空后一句可推知，此處介紹了捐贈的衣物的來源，所以A項符合語境。 20．解析：選D　此處承接下文中的“Then, they will be better able to focus on the learning material rather than paying too much attention to what they are wearing”，由此可推知，只有滿足學(xué)生的基本需求，比如衣物，他們才能集中注意力學(xué)習(xí)而不是過多地關(guān)注穿著，所以D項符合語境。 練(二)　語言知識運(yùn)用組塊專練 ——練準(zhǔn)度 (限時：30分鐘) Ⅰ.完形填空 (2019濟(jì)南模擬)Mrs. Hudson walked into the classroom with a girl limping (瘸著走) behind her. She introduced, “This is Margaret. She just moved here from Florida. Lets __1__ her.” The teacher guided her __2__ to a front seat, then bent over and __3__ something in her ear. Finishing explaining the math problems, Mrs. Hudson __4__， “Break time. See you in ten minutes.” Boys __5__ first. “Today, lets meet at the far end of the sidewalk. And make sure the new girl doesnt follow us！” I said. After a while, I came back to the __6__. I wanted to find out if Mrs. Hudson liked my book report. With her usual big smile, she began, “Jack, you are a good __7__.” Shifting my weight from one foot to the other, I was a little __8__ that Mrs. Hudson liked me so much. Her __9__ let me know how much she appreciated having me around. My teacher __10__ in her quiet voice. “Thats __11__ I am sure you will invite Margaret to play with you today.” Her __12__ words sounded like frozen knives aiming at my heart. Could she __13__ suspect what we had been saying about Margaret? Could she know how __14__ I was? Then I managed to __15__ Margaret in our group. While many school memories have __16__ over the years, the __17__ Mrs. Hudson taught me has stayed with me. Mrs. Hudson gently guided me, __18__ me to do the right thing. She believed in me, and __19__ what she did, I rose to the level of her __20__， both for Margaret long ago and even later in my choice of career. 語篇解讀：本文是學(xué)校生活類記敘文。Hudson夫人是作者的老師。一天，她帶著一個走路一瘸一拐的女孩進(jìn)了教室，包括作者在內(nèi)的幾個男孩取笑這個女孩。而Hudson夫人用激勵、愛心和智慧教育了作者，啟迪了他的心靈，作者從此不再孤立女孩。這段經(jīng)歷對作者的一生產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。 1．A.wele　　　　　　 B．introduce C．remend D．follow 解析：選A　上文講到Hudson夫人帶著一個走路一瘸一拐的女孩進(jìn)了教室，將這個女孩介紹給班里的孩子們，讓大家“歡迎”她，所以選A。wele“歡迎”；introduce“介紹”；remend“推薦”；follow“跟隨”。 2．A.casually B．gently C．nervously D．hurriedly 解析：選B　上文講到女孩走路一瘸一拐，接著說Hudson夫人“緩緩地”將女孩帶到了前排的一個座位，所以選B。casually“隨便地”；gently“溫柔地，緩緩地”；nervously“緊張地”；hurriedly“匆忙地”。 3．A.spread B．delivered C．repeated D．whispered 解析：選D　Hudson夫人先是將女孩帶到了前排的一個座位上，接著彎下腰來在她的耳邊“小聲說話”，所以選D。spread“傳播”；deliver“遞送，發(fā)表(演講)，接生”；repeat“重復(fù)”；whisper“小聲說”。 4．A.cried B．sighed C．a(chǎn)nnounced D．a(chǎn)greed 解析：選C　Hudson夫人講完數(shù)學(xué)題后，“宣布”該休息了，所以選C。cry“喊叫，哭”；sigh“嘆氣”；announce“宣布”。 5．A.looked out B．raced out C．turned up D．gave up 解析：選B　根據(jù)上文可知，老師宣布了下課，根據(jù)常識可推知，下課后，男孩們先“跑了出去”，故raced out符合語境。look out“朝外看”；turn up“出現(xiàn)，露面，調(diào)高(音量等)”；give up“放棄”。 6．A.school B．office C．classroom D．platform 解析：選C　上文提到男孩們跑了出去，所以過了一會兒，作者應(yīng)該是回到了“教室”。school“學(xué)校”；office“辦公室”；classroom“教室”；platform“平臺，月臺，講臺”。 7．A.guard B．colleague C．person D．speaker 解析：選C　Hudson夫人對作者說，“Jack，你是一個好人”，她是用表揚(yáng)的方法來促使作者轉(zhuǎn)變自己的做法，使作者友善對待新來的女生。guard“衛(wèi)兵”；colleague“同事”；person“人”；speaker“說話者”。 8．A.embarrassed B．satisfied C．convinced D．worried 解析：選A　作者取笑新來的女孩，Hudson夫人卻說他是一個好人，這讓作者感到有點(diǎn)“尷尬”，所以選A。embarrassed“尷尬的”；satisfied“滿意的，滿足的”；convinced“確信的”；worried“擔(dān)憂的”。 9．A.answer B．explanation C．ment D．prediction 解析：選C　Hudson夫人對作者的正面“評價”(說作者是個好人)讓作者知道了老師是非常喜歡他在身邊的。answer“回答，答案”；explanation“解釋，說明”；ment“評論，評述”；prediction“預(yù)測，預(yù)言”。 10．A.begged B．replied C．urged D．continued 解析：選D　上文講到，Hudson夫人說作者是一個好人，然后“繼續(xù)說”，“這就是我確信你今天會邀請Margaret一起玩的原因?！眀eg“祈求”；reply“回答”；urge“敦促”；continue“繼續(xù)說”。 11．A.why B．how C．when D．where 解析：選A　參見上題解析。why“為什么”；how“如何，怎樣”；when“何時”；where“哪里”。 12．A.doubtful B．confident C．honest D．fortable 解析：選B　她肯定的話如同冰冷的刀子直指向作者的心，所以選B。doubtful“懷疑的”；confident“自信的，肯定的”；honest“誠實的”；fortable“舒服的”。 13．A.necessarily B．regularly C．hardly D．possibly 解析：選D　上文提到作者孤立新同學(xué)，但老師卻說他是個好人，所以作者心中疑惑：她“有可能”會猜到我們都說Margaret什么嗎？她知道我有多令人討厭嗎？necessarily“必要地，必然地”；regularly“經(jīng)常，定期地，有規(guī)律地”；hardly“幾乎不”；possibly“可能”。 14．A.greedy B．smart C．a(chǎn)wful D．outgoing 解析：選C　參見上題解析。greedy“貪婪的”；smart“聰明的，機(jī)靈的”；awful“糟糕的，極壞的”；outgoing“外向的，友好的”。 15．A.refuse B．praise C．separate D．include 解析：選D　之后，作者設(shè)法讓Margaret“加入”到了他們的團(tuán)體中。refuse“拒絕”；praise“表揚(yáng)，贊美”；separate“使分離，使分開”；include“包含，包括，列入”。 16．A.faded B．existed C．remained D．refreshed 解析：選A　多年過去了，很多學(xué)校的回憶“逐漸消失”，但Hudson夫人給作者的教訓(xùn)卻一直伴隨著他。fade“逐漸消失，褪色”；exist“存在”；remain“繼續(xù)存在”；refresh“恢復(fù)精神”。 17．A.process B．principle C．secret D．lesson 解析：選D　參見上題解析。process“進(jìn)程”；principle“原則”；secret“秘密”；lesson“課，教訓(xùn)”。 18．A.forcing B．challenging C．permitting D．ordering 解析：選B　Hudson夫人溫和地引導(dǎo)作者，“激勵”他去做正確的事情。force“強(qiáng)迫，逼迫”；challenge“激勵，要求”；permit“允許”；order“命令”。 19．A.because of B．regardless of C．in spite of D．in terms of 解析：選A　作者的老師信任他，“由于”老師所做的一切，作者達(dá)到了老師的期望，所以選A。because of“因為，由于”；regardless of“不顧，不管”；in spite of“盡管”；in terms of“按照，在……方面，以……的措辭”。 20．A.beliefs B．expectations C．success D．standard 解析：選B　參見上題解析。belief“信仰，信條”；expectation“指望，期望”；success“成功”；standard“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，水平”。 Ⅱ.語法填空 For many young people, going to university is one of the most important __1__ (stage) of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of __2__ (they) home