星輪行星輪可爬樓梯式輪椅車設(shè)計(jì)-含開題報(bào)告（全套含18張CAD圖紙）,行星,輪可爬,樓梯,輪椅車,設(shè)計(jì),開題,報(bào)告,全套,18,CAD,圖紙 一、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的內(nèi)容 目前市場(chǎng)上的輪椅存在一個(gè)很大的不足：由于采用了傳統(tǒng)的輪式結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠在平地上行走，面對(duì)臺(tái)階、樓梯等比較復(fù)雜的地形卻顯得無能為力，為了解決這個(gè)問題我們只有設(shè)計(jì)出更好的輪椅，設(shè)計(jì)包括以下內(nèi)容和要完成的任務(wù)。 1、課題的調(diào)研、資料的獲取、有關(guān)知識(shí)的準(zhǔn)備等；進(jìn)行可爬樓梯式輪椅車的方案設(shè)計(jì)和選擇；設(shè)計(jì)要實(shí)用，要方便殘疾人使用。 2、理論分析、計(jì)算機(jī)建模、方案論證；利用CAXA、pro/e、solidworks等工具軟件，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的可爬樓梯式輪椅車機(jī)構(gòu)，要求繪制和裝配出輪椅的三維模型，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)爬樓的功能。 3、原理圖、裝配圖、零件圖設(shè)計(jì)； 4、實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)驗(yàn)分析、設(shè)計(jì)硬件、設(shè)計(jì)樣機(jī)。 二、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）的要求與數(shù)據(jù) 要求：提出在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過程中所涉及的基本理論和關(guān)鍵問題的要求；研究方案、研究方法和研究手段等方面的要求；課題的具體要求；課題的原始數(shù)據(jù)或主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)?？梢陨婕耙韵路矫妫? 1、進(jìn)行可爬樓梯式輪椅車的方案設(shè)計(jì)和選擇；設(shè)計(jì)要實(shí)用，要方便殘疾人使用。 2、利用CAXA、autocad等工具軟件，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的可爬樓梯式輪椅車機(jī)構(gòu)，要求繪制出輪椅的圖形，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)爬樓的功能。 3、原理圖、裝配圖、零件圖設(shè)計(jì)圖紙。 三、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）應(yīng)完成的工作 指定整個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生應(yīng)該完成的所有工作包括： 1、完成二萬(wàn)字左右的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書（論文）；在畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書（論文）中必須包括詳細(xì)的300-500個(gè)單詞的英文摘要； 2、獨(dú)立完成與課題相關(guān)，不少于四萬(wàn)字符的指定英文資料翻譯（附英文原文）； 3、完成設(shè)計(jì)工作任務(wù)，例如對(duì)于理論分析、計(jì)算機(jī)建模或者設(shè)計(jì)方案的工作任務(wù)；對(duì)于系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì)、原理圖、裝配圖、零件圖設(shè)計(jì)的工作任務(wù)；以及對(duì)于實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)、實(shí)驗(yàn)分析等的工作任務(wù)。 對(duì)于純機(jī)械類課題，繪圖工作量折合A0圖紙3張以上，其中必須包含兩張A3以上的計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖圖紙； 4、畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的工作量要滿足16周的工作量要求。 四、應(yīng)收集的資料及主要參考文獻(xiàn) ［1］孫桓 陳作模 葛文杰主編.機(jī)械原理［D］北京：高等教育出版社，2006 ［2］楊可幀 程光蘊(yùn) 李仲生主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)［D］北京：高等教育出版社，2006 ［3］張樹仁主編.機(jī)械工程基礎(chǔ)［D］.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004 ［4］卜炎主編.機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).上冊(cè)［M］.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999 ［5］卜炎主編.機(jī)械傳動(dòng)裝置設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè).下冊(cè)［M］.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999 ［6］李柱 徐振高 將向前主編.互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)［M］.北京：高等教育出版社，2004 ［7］機(jī)械原理與機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)??????????張策???????? 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社； ［8］齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)朱孝錄 主編 ［9］理論力學(xué) 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)理論力學(xué)研究室主編 高等教育出版社 ［10］材料力學(xué)單輝祖主編 高等教育出版社 ［11］材料力學(xué)（2）單輝祖主編 高等教育出版社 ［12］最新鏈條設(shè)計(jì)制造工藝與鏈傳動(dòng)技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)用手冊(cè)吉林音像出版社 ［13］The Elements of Mechanical DesignBy James G. Skakoon 五、試驗(yàn)、測(cè)試、試制加工所需主要儀器設(shè)備及條件 計(jì)算機(jī)一臺(tái) 相關(guān)軟件等 任務(wù)下達(dá)時(shí)間： 2010年 1 月12日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)開始與完成時(shí)間： 2010年3月1日至 2010年 6 月 20 日 組織實(shí)施單位： 教研室主任意見： 簽字： 2010 年1 月 8 日 院領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組意見： 簽字： 2010 年 1 月 11 日 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論 文）開題報(bào)告 1．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的目的及研究意義 目前市場(chǎng)上的輪椅存在一個(gè)很大的不足：由于采用了傳統(tǒng)的輪式結(jié)構(gòu)，能夠在平地上行走，面對(duì)臺(tái)階、樓梯等比較復(fù)雜的地形卻顯得無能為力，為了解決這個(gè)問題我們只有設(shè)計(jì)出更好的輪椅。 2．畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容、重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)等 設(shè)計(jì)包括以下內(nèi)容： 1、課題的調(diào)研、資料的獲取、有關(guān)知識(shí)的準(zhǔn)備等；進(jìn)行可爬樓梯式輪椅車的方案設(shè)計(jì)和選擇；設(shè)計(jì)要實(shí)用，要方便殘疾人使用。 2、理論分析、計(jì)算機(jī)建模、方案論證；利用CAXA、pro/e、solidworks等工具軟件，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的可爬樓梯式輪椅車機(jī)構(gòu)，要求繪制和裝配出輪椅的三維模型，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)爬樓的功能。 3、原理圖、裝配圖、零件圖設(shè)計(jì)； 4、實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、實(shí)驗(yàn)分析、設(shè)計(jì)硬件、設(shè)計(jì)樣機(jī) 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論 文）開題報(bào)告 3．準(zhǔn)備情況（查閱過的文獻(xiàn)資料及調(diào)研情況、現(xiàn)有設(shè)備、實(shí)驗(yàn)條件等） 已查閱參考文獻(xiàn)： ［1］孫桓 陳作模 葛文杰主編.機(jī)械原理［D］北京：高等教育出版社，2006 ［2］楊可幀 程光蘊(yùn) 李仲生主編.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)［D］北京：高等教育出版社，2006 ［3］張樹仁主編.機(jī)械工程基礎(chǔ)［D］.北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004 ［4］李柱 徐振高 將向前主編.互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)［M］.北京：高等教育出版社 2004 ［5］理論力學(xué) 哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)理論力學(xué)研究室主編 高等教育出版社 ［6］材料力學(xué)單輝祖主編 高等教育出版社 ［7］材料力學(xué)（2）單輝祖主編 高等教育出版社 調(diào)研情況： 根據(jù)要求以及自身的能力，本畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)主要研究和解決的問題有，進(jìn)行可爬樓梯式輪椅車的方案設(shè)計(jì)和選擇，利用CAXA、pro/e、solidworks等工具軟件，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的可爬樓梯式輪椅車機(jī)構(gòu)，要求繪制和裝配出輪椅的三維模型，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)爬樓的功能，繪制原理圖、裝配圖、零件圖設(shè)計(jì)圖紙。 現(xiàn)有設(shè)備和實(shí)驗(yàn)條件都已經(jīng)落實(shí)。 4．總體安排和進(jìn)度計(jì)劃 實(shí)行方案： 1、可爬樓梯式輪椅車的方案設(shè)計(jì)和選擇。 2、利用CAXA、pro/e、solidworks等工具軟件，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的可爬樓梯式輪椅車機(jī)構(gòu)，要求繪制和裝配出輪椅的三維模型，能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)爬樓的功能。 3、繪制原理圖、裝配圖、零件圖設(shè)計(jì)圖紙。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）工作進(jìn)度安排： 1、 3月16號(hào)－—4月10號(hào)完成不少于四萬(wàn)字符的指定英文資料翻譯。完成課題的調(diào)研，資料的收集，前期的知識(shí)準(zhǔn)備以及理論分析、方案的論證。 2、 4月10號(hào)－—4月20號(hào)初步完成系統(tǒng)方案設(shè)計(jì)、機(jī)械原理圖、機(jī)械裝配草圖、零件草圖以及與其相關(guān)的計(jì)算。 3、 4月21號(hào)－—4月27號(hào)完成總體尺寸的設(shè)計(jì)與結(jié)構(gòu)圖的繪制，結(jié)構(gòu)總裝圖和零件圖的設(shè)計(jì)與繪制。 4、 4月27號(hào)－—5月27號(hào)完成設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)的可爬樓梯式輪椅車機(jī)構(gòu)。 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論 文）開題報(bào)告 5、 5月28號(hào)－—5月31號(hào)完成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書和300－500個(gè)單詞的英文摘要。 6、 6月1號(hào)－—6月28號(hào)準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)論文答辯前的各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作。 指導(dǎo)教師意見 指導(dǎo)教師（簽定）： 年　　月　　日 開題小組意見 開題小組組長(zhǎng)（簽定）： 年　　月　　日 院（系、部）意見 主管院長(zhǎng)（系、部主任）簽字： 年　　月　　日 Machine design theory The machine design is through designs the new product or improves the old product to meet the human need the application technical science. It involves the project technology each domain, mainly studies the product the size, the shape and the detailed structure basic idea, but also must study the product the personnel which in aspect the and so on manufacture, sale and use question. Carries on each kind of machine design work to be usually called designs the personnel or machine design engineer. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. If front sues, the machine design goal is the production can meet the human need the product. The invention, the discovery and technical knowledge itself certainly not necessarily can bring the advantage to the humanity, only has when they are applied can produce on the product the benefit. Thus, should realize to carries on before the design in a specific product, must first determine whether the people do need this kind of product Must regard as the machine design is the machine design personnel carries on using creative ability the product design, the system analysis and a formulation product manufacture technology good opportunity. Grasps the project elementary knowledge to have to memorize some data and the formula is more important than. The merely service data and the formula is insufficient to the completely decision which makes in a good design needs. On the other hand, should be earnest precisely carries on all operations. For example, even if places wrong a decimal point position, also can cause the correct design to turn wrongly. A good design personnel should dare to propose the new idea, moreover is willing to undertake the certain risk, when the new method is not suitable, use original method. Therefore, designs the personnel to have to have to have the patience, because spends the time and the endeavor certainly cannot guarantee brings successfully. A brand-new design, the request screen abandons obsoletely many, knows very well the method for the people. Because many person of conservativeness, does this certainly is not an easy matter. A mechanical designer should unceasingly explore the improvement existing product the method, should earnestly choose originally, the process confirmation principle of design in this process, with has not unified it after the confirmation new idea. Newly designs itself can have the question occurrence which many flaws and has not been able to expect, only has after these flaws and the question are solved, can manifest new goods come into the market the product superiority. Therefore, a performance superior product is born at the same time, also is following a higher risk. Should emphasize, if designs itself does not request to use the brand-new method, is not unnecessary merely for the goal which transform to use the new method. In the design preliminary stage, should allow to design the personnel fully to display the creativity, not each kind of restraint. Even if has had many impractical ideas, also can in the design early time, namely in front of the plan blueprint is corrected. Only then, only then does not send to stops up the innovation the mentality. Usually, must propose several sets of design proposals, then perform the comparison. Has the possibility very much in the plan which finally designated, has used certain not in plan some ideas which accepts. How does the psychologist frequently discuss causes the machine which the people adapts them to operate. Designs personnel''s basic responsibility is diligently causes the machine to adapt the people. This certainly is not an easy work, because certainly does not have to all people to say in fact all is the most superior operating area and the operating process. Another important question, project engineer must be able to carry on the exchange and the consultation with other concerned personnel. In the initial stage, designs the personnel to have to carry on the exchange and the consultation on the preliminary design with the administrative personnel, and is approved. This generally is through the oral discussion, the schematic diagram and the writing material carries on. In order to carry on the effective exchange, needs to solve the following problem: (1) designs whether this product truly does need for the people? Whether there is competitive ability (2) does this product compare with other companies'' existing similar products? (3) produces this kind of product is whether economical? (4) product service is whether convenient? (5) product whether there is sale? Whether may gain? Only has the time to be able to produce the correct answer to above question. But, the product design, the manufacture and the sale only can in carry on to the above question preliminary affirmation answer foundation in. Project engineer also should through the detail drawing and the assembly drawing, carries on the consultation together with the branch of manufacture to the finally design proposal. Usually, can have some problem in the manufacture process. Possibly can request to some components size or the common difference makes some changes, causes the components the production to change easily. But, in the project change must have to pass through designs the personnel to authorize, guaranteed cannot damage the product the function. Sometimes, when in front of product assembly or in the packing foreign shipment experiment only then discovers in the design some kind of flaw. These instances exactly showed the design is a dynamic process. Always has a better method to complete the design work, designs the personnel to be supposed unceasingly diligently,seeks these better method. Recent year, the engineerig material choice already appeared importantly. In addition, the choice process should be to the material continuously the unceasing again appraisal process. The new material unceasingly appears, but some original materials can obtain the quantity possibly can reduce. The environmental pollution, material recycling aspect and so on use, worker''s health and security frequently can attach the new limiting condition to the choice of material. In order to reduce the weight or saves the energy, possibly can request the use different material. Comes from domestic and international competition, to product service maintenance convenience request enhancement and customer''s aspect the and so on feedback pressure, can urge the people to carry on to the material reappraises. Because the material does not select when created the product responsibility lawsuit, has already had the profound influence. In addition, the material and between the material processing interdependence is already known by the people clearly. Therefore, in order to can and guarantees the quality in the reasonable cost under the premise to obtain satisfaction the result, project engineer makes engineers all to have earnestly carefully to choose, the determination and the use material. Makes any product the first step of work all is designs. Designs usually may divide into several explicit stages: (a) preliminary design; (b) functional design; (c) production design. In the preliminary design stage, the designer emphatically considered the product should have function. Usually must conceive and consider several plans, then decided this kind of thought is whether feasible; If is feasible, then should makes the further improvement to or several plans. In this stage, the question which only must consider about the choice of material is: Whether has the performance to conform to the request material to be possible to supply the choice; If no, whether has a bigger assurance all permits in the cost and the time in the limit develops one kind of new material. In the functional design and the engineering design stage, needs to make a practical feasible design. Must draw up the quite complete blueprint in this stage, chooses and determines each kind of components the material. Usually must make the prototype or the working model, and carries on the experiment to it, the appraisal product function, the reliability, the outward appearance and the service maintenance and so on. Although this kind of experiment possibly can indicate, enters in the product to the production base in front of, should replace certain materials, but, absolutely cannot this point take not earnestly chooses the material the excuse. Should unify the product the function, earnestly carefully considers the product the outward appearance, the cost and the reliability. Has the achievement very much the company when manufacture all prototypes, selects the material should the material which uses with its production in be same, and uses the similar manufacture technology as far as possible. Like this has the advantage very much to the company. The function complete prototype if cannot act according to the anticipated sales volume economically to make, or is prototypical and the official production installment has in the quality and the reliable aspect is very greatly different, then this kind of prototype does not have the great value. Project engineer is best can completely complete the material in this stage the analysis, the choice and the determination work, but is not remains it to the production design stage does. Because, is carries on in the production design stage material replacement by other people, these people are inferior to project engineer to the product all functions understanding. I n the production design stage, is should completely determine with the material related main question the material, causes them to adapt with the existing equipment, can use the existing equipment economically to carry on the processing, moreover the material quantity can quite be easy to guarantee the supply. In the manufacture process, inevitably can appear to uses the material to make some changes the situation. The experience indicated that, may use certain cheap materials to take the substitute. However, in the majority situation, in will carry on the production later to change the material to have in to start before the production to change the price which the material will spend to have to be higher than. Completes the choice of material work in the design stage, may avoid the most such situations. Started after the production manufacture to appear has been possible to supply the use the new material is replaces the material the most common reason. Certainly, these new materials possibly reduce the cost, the improvement product performance. But, must carry on the earnest appraisal to the new material, guarantees its all performance all to answer the purpose. Must remember that, the new material performance and the reliable very few pictures materials on hand such understood for the people. The majority of products expiration and the product accident caused by negligence case is because in selects the new material to take in front of substitution material, not truly understood their long-term operational performance causes. The product responsibility lawsuit forces designs the personnel and the company when the choice material, uses the best procedure. In the material process, five most common questions are: (a) did not understand or cannot use about the material application aspect most newly the best information paper; (b) has not been able to foresee and to consider the dusk year possible reasonable use (for example to have the possibility, designs the personnel also to be supposed further to forecast and the consideration because product application method not when creates consequence. In recent years many products responsibilities lawsuit case, because wrongly uses the plaintiff which the product receives the injury to accuse produces the factory, and wins the decision); (c) uses the material data not entire perhaps some data are indefinite, works as its long-term performance data is the like this time in particular; (d) the quality control method is not suitable and not after the confirmation; (e) the personnel which completely is not competent for the post by some chooses the material. Through to the above five questions analysis, may obtain these questions is does not have the sufficient reason existence the conclusion. May for avoid these questions to these questions research analyses the appearance indicating the direction. Although uses the best choice of material method not to be able to avoid having the product responsibility lawsuit, designs the personnel and the industry carries on the choice of material according to the suitable procedure, may greatly reduce the lawsuit the quantity. May see from the above discussion, the choice material people should to the material nature, the characteristic and the processing method have comprehensive and the basic understanding. Introduciton of Machining Have a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the production of the most commonly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the workpiece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to complete. Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of low-cost production. For casting, forging and machining pressure, every production of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials, mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large enough, it is possible. Because of a production of spare parts, even when the parts and structure of the production batch sizes are suitable for the original casting, Forging or pressure processing to produce, but usually prefer machining. Strict precision and good surface finish, Machining the second purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of production belonging to the large-scale production, Well Machining is a low-tolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch production. Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be conducted immediately after the mechanical completion of the processing. Primary Cutting Parameters Cutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and penetration of a cutting tool. Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wear-resistant. Tool geometry -- to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics -- for each cutting process must be correct. Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the level of specific parts -- with knives. Generally, the more hard work piece material, the lower the rate. Progressive Tool to speed iscut into the work piece speed. If the work piece or tool for rotating movement, feed rate per round over the number of inches to the measurement. When the work piece or tool for reciprocating movement and feed rate on each trip through the measurement of inches. Generally, in other conditions, feed rate and cutting speed is inversely proportional to。 Depth of penetration of a cutting tool -- to inches dollars -- is the tool to the work piece distance. Rotary cutting it to the chip or equal to the width of the linear cutting chip thickness. Rough than finishing, deeper penetration of a cutting tool depth. Wears of Cutting Tool We already have been processed and the rattle of the countless cracks edge tool, we learn that tool wear are basically three forms : flank wear, the former flank wear and V-Notch wear. Flank wear occurred in both the main blade occurred vice blade. On the main blade, shoulder removed because most metal chip mandate, which resulted in an increase cutting force and cutting temperature increase, If not allowed to check, That could lead to the work piece and the tool vibration and provide for efficient cutting conditions may no longer exist. Vice-bladed on, it is determined work piece dimensions and surface finish. Flank wear size of the possible failure of the product and surface finish are also inferior. In most actual cutting conditions, as the principal in the former first deputy flank before flank wear, wear arrival enough, Tool will be effective, the results are made unqualified parts. As Tool stress on the surface uneven, chip and flank before sliding contact zone between stress, in sliding contact the start of the largest, and in contact with the tail of zero, so abrasive wear in the region occurred. This is because the card cutting edge than the nearby settlements near the more serious wear, and bladed chip due to the vicinity of the former flank and lost contact wear lighter. This results from a certain distance from the cutting edge of the surface formed before the knife point Ma pit, which is usually considered before wear. Under normal circumstances, this is wear cross-sectional shape of an arc. In many instances and for the actual cutting conditions, the former flank wear compared to flank wear light, Therefore flank wear more generally as a tool failure of scale signs. But because many authors have said in the cutting speed of the increase, Maeto surface temperature than the knife surface temperatures have risen faster. but because any form of wear rate is essentially temperature changes by the significant impact. Therefore, the former usually wear in high-speed cutting happen. The main tool flank wear the tail is not processed with the work piece surface in contact, Therefore flank wear than wear along with the ends more visible, which is the most common. This is because the local effect, which is as rough on the surface has hardened layer, This effect is by cutting in front of the hardening of the work piece. Not just cutting, and as oxidation skin, the blade local high temperature will also cause this effect. This partial wear normally referred to as pit sexual wear, but occasionally it is very serious. Despite the emergence of the pits on the Cutting Tool nature is not meaningful impact, but often pits gradually become darker If cutting continued the case, then there cutter fracture crisis. If any form of sexual allowed to wear, eventually wear rate increase obviously will be a tool to destroy failure destruction, that will no longer tool for cutting, cause the work piece scrapped, it is good, can cause serious damage machine. For various carbide cutting tools and for the various types of wear, in the event of a serious lapse, on the tool that has reached the end of the life cycle. But fo